College Of Humanities, Language Studies, Journalism, And Communication

Broadcast journalism UNIT

Undergraduate Program

Subject : introduction to broadcast media technology

Sub. code:BRJR2031

Assignment two : Report

Prepared By
Name: Tokuma Bayisa
ID.NO: UGR/8116/15

Submitted: Mr.Epherem Teshome

Submission date: Dec 15, 2023

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Table content page No.

Part I

1. ENA TV Station Report...................................................................4

1.1. Introduction:...........................................,......................................4

1.2.Coverage and Branches................................................................4

1.3.Languages and Broadcasting.......................................................4

1.4.Scope of Operations:.....................................................................5

1.5.News Submission:.........................................................................5

1.6.Facilities and Infrastructure: ........................................................5

1.7.Studio B:......,...................................................................................5

1.8.Lighting and Equipment:.....,..........................................................6

1.9.Teleprompters and Camera Equipment.......................................6

1.10.Control Room:..............................................................................6

1.11.Studio C:.......................................................................................6

1.12.Video Monitoring and Central Apparatus Room:......................7

1.13.Graphics Room:...........................................................................7

1 .14.Conclusion:................................................................................7

Part II

2. Inside the Radio Studio: A Comprehensive Report......................8

2.1.Introduction:..................................................................................8

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2.2.News Conference and Newsroom:...........................................8

2.3.Radio Studio:...............................................................................8

2.4.Microphone Positions:..............................................................9

2.5.Sound Management:..............................,..................................9

2.6. Control Room:...........................................................................9

2.7.Second Studio:..........................................................................9

2.8.Third Studio:.............................................................................10

2.9.Transmitter and Broadcasting Infrastructure:......................10

2.10.Conclusion:............................................................................11

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Title: ENA TV Station Report

Introduction:

ENA (Ethiopian News Agency) is a prominent news agency in Ethiopia, founded in 1935. With a
rich history spanning nearly 80 years, ENA has been a reliable source of news for the country.
While their primary role is to evaluate and balance stories, ENA also provides news to other
media stations rather than releasing information on its own. This report provides an overview
of ENA's operations, including its branches, languages, broadcast mediums, future plans, and
infrastructure.

Coverage and Branches:

ENA operates through approximately 38 branches strategically located across all regions of
Ethiopia. This widespread presence enables them to cover a diverse range of stories throughout
the country. However, due to the concentration of organizations such as the AU, IGAD,
embassies, and national and international agencies, ENA tends to focus on reporting more
stories in Addis Ababa.

Languages and Broadcasting:

ENA works with six languages to cater to a diverse audience. These include three local
languages: Amharic, Afan Oromo, and Tigragna, as well as three foreign languages: English,
French, and Arabic. In terms of broadcasting, ENA operates through both radio and TV
mediums. While they currently provide news through other channels, they are on the path to
establishing their channel in the future.

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Scope of Operations:

ENA's activities extend beyond news reporting. They also engage in various research projects,
produce documentaries, and run advertising campaigns to generate revenue. This diversified
approach helps them sustain their operations and expand their influence.

News Submission:

News story recommendations can be submitted to ENA through letters from organizations via
email at ENAtikoma@gmail.com and Info@gmail.com. This open channel allows for
contributions from different sources, ensuring a broader perspective in their news coverage.

Facilities and Infrastructure:

ENA provides a conducive working environment for its employees. The station includes a
daycare facility and cafeteria to cater to the needs of its staff. The infrastructure consists of two
finished studios, Studio B and Studio C, while Studio A is still under construction.

Studio B:

Studio B is a multi-purpose studio used for news reporting, hosting various shows, interviews,
and interactive segments. It features five dolly tripod cameras, which offer flexibility in
capturing different angles and shots. The studio is equipped with a video wall screen that
functions as a background for news presentations, utilizing various visual elements such as
videos, images, and photos. Sofas are also present in the studio, facilitating one-to-one
discussions, hardtalk, and interviews.

Lighting and Equipment:

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The studio employs a comprehensive lighting system to ensure optimal video quality. The
lighting setup includes three types of lights: main lights, backlight, and filter lights. Main lights
illuminate the set, while the backlight helps differentiate the presenter from the background.
Filter lights minimize shadows. Additionally, there are decor lights used for concerts and
festivals. The studio utilizes high-quality standard materials, with cameras sourced from Japan,
video wall screens from Belgium, and lighting equipment from Germany and Italy.

Teleprompters and Camera Equipment:

The studio incorporates four teleprompters with adjustable font sizes for journalists. Each
teleprompter is synchronized with cameras, enabling comfortable presentation for the anchors.
A crane camera is also available, capturing shots from different directions, such as journalists
entering the studio or when multiple guests are present.

Control Room:

The control room serves as the nerve center of operations, managing lighting systems, camera
shots, video wall screen backgrounds, and providing instructions to anchors and cameramen. It
houses numerous computers and mixers, with four computers dedicated to capturing and
recording video from the studio, while others are used for editing and other post-production
tasks. Directors, technicians, and video readers operate various systems within the control
room, ensuring smooth production flow.

Studio C:

Studio C is a smaller studio compared to Studio B, featuring an L-shaped design. It comprises

four cameras and has a unique C-shaped configuration. Similar to Studio B, camera operations
are overseen by cameramen and directors in the Camera Control Room (CC). The studio is

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equipped with soundproof walls, including mushy sponges between the walls to enhance sound
quality.

Video Monitoring and Central Apparatus Room:

Studio B has 16 video monitors, while Studio C has 12. The central apparatus room serves as a
hub, housing cables that connect the studios and the control room. It facilitates the
broadcasting process through the antenna. Studio B has four video processors, while Studio C
has three. The room also houses a temperature configuration processor to maintain optimal
conditions within the studios. The server, a vital component, stores all programs and has a
storage capacity of 560 Terabytes.

Graphics Room:

ENA's graphics room employs 3D software, audio editing tools, and various AI software to
create visually appealing wall backgrounds and other graphical elements for their broadcasts.

Conclusion:

ENA TV station, with its long-standing history and extensive reach, continues to provide
comprehensive news coverage in Ethiopia. With plans to establish its own channel, ENA aims to
expand its influence even further. The stationapplies a multi-language approach, covering three
local languages and three foreign languages, to cater to a diverse audience. Its infrastructure,
including studios, cameras, lighting systems, and control rooms, is equipped with high-quality
materials and advanced technology sourced from different countries. By incorporating
research, documentaries, and advertising into its operations, ENA ensures a sustainable
business model. Overall, ENA plays a significant role in Ethiopian journalism and serves as a vital
source of information for the nation.

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Part II

Title: Inside the Radio Studio: A Comprehensive Report

Date: December 13, 2023

Introduction:

In this report, we provide an in-depth overview of a radio studio, its equipment, and
operations. Our exploration takes us through the news conference, newsroom, radio studio,
control room, and highlights the various microphones, positions, sound management
techniques, and broadcasting infrastructure.

News Conference and Newsroom:

The news conference serves as a platform for journalists to discuss and evaluate their work. It
provides an opportunity for journalists to engage in discussions and assess their performance.
Meanwhile, the newsroom is the creative hub where journalists generate news content.

Radio Studio:

Within the radio studio, we encountered three types of microphones: uni-directional, bi-
directional, and omni-directional. The uni-directional microphone captures sound from a single
direction and is commonly used with a time anchor to present stories. The bi-directional
microphone records sound from two directions and is employed during discussions and
interviews. The omni-directional microphone captures sound from all directions, allowing for
group discussions and coverage of multiple individuals. These microphones convert analog
sound into digital signals, which are then transferred to computers for storage or recording.

Microphone Positions:

There are four types of microphone positions observed in the studio. Table stands are placed
on tables, commonly used by the FM of AAU for their microphones. Floor stands are positioned
on the ground to capture the sounds of bustling crowds. Handheld microphones are held by

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individuals to record public voices and interviewees in various situations. Hanging positions are
predominantly used in TV studios.

Sound Management:

To ensure clear audio quality and reduce echo, the studio is equipped with soundproof walls.
Additionally, a sound filter is placed on the microphones to minimize unnecessary sounds such
as breath and throat noises. Mirrors are utilized for communication between anchors and
technicians, with double-layering to prevent disturbing sounds from the control room. The
studio also employs colored lights: red indicates the anchor is on air and serves as a warning
sign to avoid entering, while green signifies that the program is being broadcasted live.

Control Room:

The control room is where directors and technicians oversee sound control and editing of
recorded tapes. Two computers are present, one dedicated to sound editing using software like
Adobe Audition, while the other is used for audio recording and storage. Programs are stored
separately for future use and as a backup. The control room is equipped with both digital and
analog equipment, with the latter serving as a contingency for time-sensitive situations.

Second Studio:

The second studio is similar to the main studio, but it is equipped with analog devices instead of
digital ones. It is primarily used for recording tapes and is relied upon during time-sensitive
situations. Many programs are recorded in this studio, ensuring continuity even in challenging
circumstances.

Third Studio:

The third studio is a digital studio, similar to the main studio. It serves as a practice space for
students to undertake assignments and projects. This studio features an impressive, long-
lasting microphone that has been used by four Ethiopian governments. It offers students a
hands-on experience with professional-grade equipment, preparing them for their future
careers in broadcasting.

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Transmitter and Broadcasting Infrastructure:

The transmitter plays a crucial role in delivering programs on air. It is responsible for
broadcasting the content produced in the studios. The antenna stand, approximately 60 meters
high, houses eight antennas that facilitate the transmission of programs. Numerous cables
connect the studios with the antenna for seamless broadcasting.

Conclusion:

This report offers a comprehensive overview of a radio studio, its equipment, and operations.
From the news conference and newsroom to the control room, second studio, and third studio,
we have explored the microphones, sound management techniques, and broadcasting
infrastructure. The radio studio serves as a vital platform for creating and delivering news and
other programs, ensuring that audiences receive high-quality content.

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