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SALINE WATER CONVERSION CORPORATION (SWCC) AMRAN CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS & SERVICES LLC
Project : EPCO-IWEP-RO-SHUAIBA
EXPANSION PROJECT COMPANY
PLANT
:
REVISION RECORD
Issued for
0 07-Nov-23 Arjun Praveen Dilip Singh
Approval (IFA)
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 4
2. SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................................................................. 4
3. PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT................................................................................................ 4
4. DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 4
5. CODES AND STANDARDS ................................................................................................ 5
6. EQUIPMENTS AND TOOLS ............................................................................................... 6
7. CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM DETAILS ................................................................. 6
8. CATHODIC PROTECTION INSPECTION & ANALYSIS DETAILS .................................... 7
8.1. INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CP SYSTEM FOR PERMEATE TANK-A ....................... 7
8.1.1. INSPECTION & ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL CP SYSTEM FOR PERMEATE TANK-A.............................. 7
8.1.1.1. AS FOUND MEASUREMENT BASED ON EXISTING OPERATION ................................................................ 7
8.1.1.2. MEASUREMENT AFTER TEMPORARY CONNECTION OF NEGATIVE HEADER CABLE ......................... 11
8.1.1.3. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................................... 12
8.1.2. INSPECTION & ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CP SYSTEM FOR PERMEATE TANK-A ............................. 14
8.1.2.1. AS FOUND MEASUREMENT BASED ON EXISTING OPERATION .............................................................. 14
8.1.2.2. MEASUREMENT AFTER ADJUSTMENT OF TR UNIT CURRENT ................................................................ 17
8.1.2.3. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................................... 18
8.3. INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CP SYSTEM FOR FIRE WATER TANK ....................... 31
8.3.1. INSPECTION & ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL CP SYSTEM FOR FIRE WATER TANK ............................. 31
8.3.1.1. AS FOUND MEASUREMENT BASED ON EXISTING OPERATION .............................................................. 31
8.3.1.2. MEASUREMENT AFTER ADJUSTMENT OF CURRENT ............................................................................... 33
8.3.1.3. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................................... 34
8.3.2. INSPECTION & ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CP SYSTEM FOR FIRE WATER TANK .............................. 35
8.3.2.1. AS FOUND MEASUREMENT BASED ON EXISTING OPERATION .............................................................. 35
8.3.2.2. MEASUREMENT AFTER ADJUSTMENT OF TR UNIT CURRENT ................................................................ 37
8.3.2.3. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................................... 38
8.4. INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CP SYSTEM FOR SEA WATER INTAKE AREA ......... 39
8.4.1. AS FOUND MEASUREMENT BASED ON EXISTING OPERATION ........................................................ 39
8.4.2. MEASUREMENT AFTER ADJUSTMENT OF CURRENT ......................................................................... 41
8.4.3. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................................... 41
9. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATION....................................................................................... 43
10. BILL OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT ......................................................................... 45
1. INTRODUCTION
M/s Amran Cathodic Protection System and Services LLC (CP Contractor) at the Company locations in
Jeddah-KSA.
The services are highlighted below. The scope and activities mentioned below are not exhaustive and shall not be
limited to:
2. SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of work associated with this project is Inspection of operational condition of Cathodic Protection
Systems, protection level, physical conditions of CP equipment at Permeate tanks, Fire water storage tank and
Sea water Intake area.
3. PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT
The intent of this document is to provide the detailed testing report on Cathodic Protection system of Permeate
tank area and Sea Water Intake area, analysis and recommendation of CP System.
4. DEFINITIONS
COMPANY :
CP VENDOR :
TECHNICAL:
TERM DEFINITION
AC Alternating current
CP Cathodic Protection
CSE Copper in saturated copper sulphate (copper in saturated copper sulphate)
DA Direct assessment
DC Direct current
AJB Anode junction box
Pipe to soil potential measured against a standard reference electrode
PSP
(CSE or SSC)
A or Amps Ampere
API American Petroleum Institute
TERM DEFINITION
STANDARD DESCRIPTION
NACE TM 0101 Measurement Techniques related to criteria for Cathodic Protection on underground
or submerged metallic Tank systems.
NACE TM 0497 Measurement Techniques Related to Criteria for Cathodic Protection on Underground
or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems.
NACE SP0169: Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping
Systems.
NACE RP 0193: External Cathodic Protection of On-Grade Metallic Storage Tank Bottoms NACE
SP0572: Standard Practice Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of
Impressed
Current Deep Anode Beds
NACE SP 0388: Impressed current Cathodic Protection of internal submerged surfaces of steel water
storage tanks.
NACE SP 0196: Galvanic anode cathodic protection of internal submerged surfaces of steel water
storage tanks
NACE SP0286: Standard Practice Electrical Isolation of Cathodically Protected Pipelines
NACE SP0177: Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning Effects on Metallic Structures and
Corrosion Control Systems
NACE SP0502: Standard Practice Pipeline External Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology
NACE SP0188 Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive Substrates
2. Current Interrupter
5. Test leads
Permeate tank- A-
External Bottom Plate
Permeate tanks area 1 50V/15A (2 Circuits)
Permeate tank- B-
External Bottom Plate
1
Permeate tank- A-
Internal Bottom Plate
Permeate tanks area 1 50V/15A (2 Circuits)
Permeate tank- B-
Internal Bottom Plate
Fire water storage tank
2 Fire water storage tank 1 50V/15A (2 Circuits)
(External & Internal CP
area
System)
Inspection on healthiness of the CP system for below structures were carried out. Inspection details has been
highlighted below with its analysis.
a) Inspection of CP System for Permeate tank- A - both External (outside) CP System and Internal (Inside)
CP system
b) Inspection of CP System for Permeate tank- B- both External (outside) CP System and Internal (Inside) CP
system
c) Inspection of CP System for Fire Water Storage Area- both External (outside) CP System and Internal
(Inside) CP system
d) Inspection of CP System for Sea Water Intake Area- External CP system
The permeate tank-A is provided with both Tank External and Tank Internal CP system.
The inspection details of CP System for permeate tank-A have been highlighted below.
Check / Result
Enclouser of TR Unit is partially Corroded.
Check / Result
At the CP Rectifier, record the DC Output power parameters.
DC output voltage (Vdc) at Panel DC Voltage - 15 VDC
DC output voltage (Vdc) at the terminals
DC Voltage - 15 VDC
using high impedance multimeter
DC output current (Idc) at Panel DC Current – 15 ADC
DC output current (Idc) using current
DC Current – 14.5 ADC
clamp on meter
Check and confirm the cathode Current from Junction Box or TR Unit (if Applicable)
Negative Drain Current DC Current – 15 ADC
Check and confirm the Cathode Potentials
Tank ON Tank OFF Coupon ON Coupon
With Respect to Potential Potential Potential OFF Potential
Reference Electrode-1 -1068 mV --- -1097 mV ---
5 No
Remarks:
1. When earthing was connected to tank and temporary cable was connected to negative
header cable in junction box, fuses were getting blown off.
2. When earthing was disconnected from the tank and temporary cable was connected to
negative header cable in junction box, then fuses didn’t blow off. But for an output of 15
V, a current of almost 15 Amp was flowing, which indicates lower tank to earth
resistance.
Conclusion
It was found that, negative header cable between tank and negative cable terminal in
junction box is damaged and no CP current is being drained.
That is, external bottom plate of the tank is without cathodic protection since cable is
damaged.
Recommendation
It is recommended to replace the existing negative header cable between tank and
negative cable terminal in junction box with new one.
Since, CP system has not been in function for unknow period, it’s also recommended
to check the thickness of tank surfaces to meet the project allowable requirement.
Conclusion
Condition of anodes seems to be OK as anodes were discharging the current when
temporary cable connection was done between tank and negative cable terminal in
junction box.
Recommendation
However, further testing is recommended once damaged negative header cable is
replaced between tank and negative cable terminal in junction box.
Conclusion
Condition of permanent reference electrode and coupon seems to be OK as tank to
permanent reference electrode and coupon to permanent reference electrode
potentials got increased to more than -1000 mV, when temporary cable connection
was done between tank and negative cable terminal in junction box.
Recommendation
However, further testing is recommended once damaged negative header cable is
replaced between tank and negative cable terminal in junction box.
d) Tank’s Earthing
Conclusion
Tank is connected with 5 Nos. of earthing. 4 no of main earthing and one connected
through staircase.
When earthing was connected to tank and temporary cable was connected to
negative header cable in junction box, fuses were getting blown off when TR Unit was
switched ON.
When earthing was disconnected from the tank and temporary cable was connected
to negative header cable in junction box, then fuses didn’t blow off. But for an output
of 15 V, a current of almost 15 Amp was flowing, which indicates lower tank to earth
resistance.
Recommendation
It is recommended to provide Polarization Cell Replacement (PCR) or Solid-State
Device (SSD) between earthing and tank. These devices block DC current (i.e., it
blocks CP Current to pass through earthing) and allow AC current (lightening current
etc.…) to pass through it and get grounded through earthing.
e) Junction Box
Conclusion
Junction box is fully corroded. Doors are corroded and broken.
Recommendation
It is recommended to replace the existing corroded junction box with a new junction
box at same location.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is quite corroded.
Doors of the TR Unit are corroded and broken.
Voltage Regulator is not fine tuning and maximum voltage cannot be reached even
when regulator is fully tunned.
Fuses are getting blown off whenever there is adjustment in voltage through voltage
regulator.
TR Unit is 16 years old
Current Requirement of TR Unit.
Tank native potentials is around -200 mV which is much lower compared with new
steel tanks which has around -500 mV. This indicates that tank bottom plate has quite
corroded and a very high amount of current will be required to raise the protected
polarized potentials to -850 mV. Hence, 100 mV polarization shift criteria can be used
to achieve protection level and which can be obtained through this existing TR Unit.
Recommendation
Functionality of TR Unit can be maintained by having slightly higher rated fuses and
by changing the voltage regulator. However, physical condition of TR Unit is very
much corroded and it’s not recommended to use for longer period as it has live
components in it and doors and enclosers are getting corroded day by day.
The inspection details of CP System for permeate tank-A have been highlighted below.
Check / Result
At the CP Rectifier, record the DC Output power parameters.
DC output voltage (Vdc) at Panel DC Voltage - 11 VDC
DC output voltage (Vdc) at the terminals
DC Voltage – 11.2 VDC
using high impedance multimeter
DC output current (Idc) at Panel DC Current – 2.3 ADC
DC output current (Idc) using current
DC Current – 3 ADC
clamp on meter
Check and confirm the cathode Current from Junction Box or TR Unit (if Applicable)
Negative Drain Current DC Current – 3 ADC
Check and confirm the Cathode Potentials
With Respect to Tank ON Potential Tank OFF Potential
Conclusion
Condition of anodes seems to be OK as anodes are discharging the current.
Conclusion
Other than reference electrode no 4, all other reference electrodes are working fine.
At most of the locations (reference electrode), polarized potentials of tank internal are
more than -800 mV and tank is cathodically protected.
TR unit voltage capacity is 50 V, however, Voltage regulator could not further
increase from 11.2 V. Due to this current could not be increased further to obtain (-)
800 mV protection level at all the reference electrodes.
c) Junction Box
Conclusion
Physical condition of Junction box is OK for short life of 5 to 6 years.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is quite corroded.
Doors of the TR Unit are corroded and broken.
Voltage Regulator is not fine tuning and maximum voltage cannot be reached even
when regulator is fully tunned.
Fuses are getting blown off whenever there is adjustment in voltage through voltage
regulator.
TR Unit is 16 years old
Recommendation
Functionality of TR Unit can be maintained by having slightly higher rated fuses and
by changing the voltage regulator. However, physical condition of TR Unit is very
much corroded and it’s not recommended to use for longer period as it has live
components in it and doors and enclosers are getting corroded day by day.
CP System is already 16 years old, based on future operational requirement,
company should take the decision for its replacement with same or higher current
capacity (approx. 50 V/30 A) to meet the future current requirement to maintain
protection level inside the tank.
The permeate tank-B is provided with both Tank External and Tank Internal CP system.
The inspection details of CP System for permeate tank-B have been highlighted below.
The below power control card is not working and due to this there is no voltage or current
discharge from TR Unit.
Conclusion
Considering the similar condition that of tank-A, anodes may be working fine.
Recommendation
However, further testing is recommended once TR Unit is functional and discharging
the current.
Conclusion
Considering the similar condition that of tank-A, permanent reference electrodes may
be working fine.
Recommendation
However, further testing is recommended once TR Unit is functional and discharging
the current.
c) Tank’s Earthing
Conclusion
Tank is connected with 5 Nos. of earthing. 4 no of main earthing and one connected
through staircase.
Recommendation
It is recommended to provide Polarization Cell Replacement (PCR) or Solid-State
Device (SSD) between earthing and tank. These devices block DC current (i.e., it
blocks CP Current to pass through earthing) and allow AC current (lightening current
etc.…) to pass through it and get grounded through earthing.
d) Junction Box
Conclusion
Junction box is fully corroded. Doors are corroded and broken.
Recommendation
It is recommended to replace the existing corroded junction box with a new junction
box at same location.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is quite corroded.
Doors of the TR Unit are corroded and broken.
Voltage Regulator is not fine tuning and maximum voltage cannot be reached even
when regulator is fully tunned.
Fuses are getting blown off whenever there is adjustment in voltage through voltage
regulator.
Power control card is not working and needs replacement for functioning.
TR Unit is 16 years old
Current Requirement of TR Unit.
Tank native potentials is around -200 mV which is much lower compared with new
steel tanks which has around -500 mV. This indicates that tank bottom plate has quite
corroded and a very high amount of current will be required to raise the protected
polarized potentials to -850 mV. Hence, 100 mV polarization shift criteria can be used
to achieve protection level and which can be obtained through this existing TR Unit.
Recommendation
For immediate and basic functionality, power control card, fuses with slightly higher
current rating and voltage regulator needs to be replaced in the TR Unit.
However, physical condition of TR Unit is very much corroded and it’s not
recommended to use for longer period as it has live components in it and doors and
enclosers are getting corroded day by day.
CP System is already 16 years old, based on future operational requirement,
company should take the decision for its replacement with a higher current capacity
(approx. 30 V/30 A) to meet the present and future current demand to maintain the
protection level at the tank bottom plate.
The inspection details of CP System for permeate tank-B have been highlighted below.
Check / Result
At the CP Rectifier, record the DC Output power parameters.
DC output voltage (Vdc) at Panel DC Voltage - 2 VDC
Conclusion
Out of 11 anodes, only 4 anodes are discharging the currents and 7 anodes are not
discharging any current.
It seems most of anodes have corroded.
Off potentials of tank-B with respect to permanent reference electrode is even less
than or near about (-) 100 mV at 11 Amps.
There could be possibility that, either tank is not protected or reference electrode
might have damaged / contaminated.
Recommendation
It is recommended to check the condition of anodes and permanent reference
electrode during earliest shutdown.
If there is no nearby immediate shutdown planned, then it’s recommended to replace
the anodes and permanent reference electrode with new one to cathodically protect
the tank from corrosion.
b) Junction Box
Conclusion
Physical condition of Junction box is OK for short life of 5 to 6 years.
However, if anodes and reference electrodes are replaced then junction box also
should be replaced.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is quite corroded.
Doors of the TR Unit are corroded and broken.
Voltage Regulator is not fine tuning and maximum voltage cannot be reached even
when regulator is fully tunned.
Fuses are getting blown off whenever there is adjustment in voltage through voltage
regulator.
Display of Power Control Card # 2 of the TR Unit is not working.
TR Unit is 16 years old
Recommendation
Functionality of TR Unit can be maintained by having slightly higher rated fuses and
by changing the voltage regulator. However, physical condition of TR Unit is very
much corroded and it’s not recommended to use for longer period as it has live
components in it and doors and enclosers are getting corroded day by day.
CP System is already 16 years old, based on future operational requirement,
company should take the decision for its replacement with same or higher current
capacity (approx. 30V / 30A) to meet the future current requirement to maintain
protection level inside the tank.
Conclusion
CP System is not protecting the tank surfaces of tank-B
There is no change or little effect on tank potentials when current was increased from
9 Amp to 11 Amps.
Off potentials i.e. polarized potentials of tank-B with respect to permanent reference
electrode is even less than or near about (-) 100 mV at 11 Amps.
This off potentials is very less and seems tank internal surfaces is corroded
drastically.
Recommendation
It is recommended to carryout Ultra thickness (UT) test to check the thickness of tank
surfaces.
The fire water tank is provided with both Tank External and Tank Internal CP system.
8.3.1. INSPECTION & ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL CP SYSTEM FOR FIRE WATER TANK
The inspection details of CP System for fire water tank have been highlighted below.
A2 0.0 ADC
A3 0.0 ADC
A4 0.0 ADC
Total 1.4 ADC
Check and confirm the Cathode Potentials
Check / Result
At the CP Rectifier, record the DC Output power parameters.
DC output voltage (Vdc) at Panel DC Voltage - 12 VDC
DC output voltage (Vdc) at the terminals
DC Voltage - 12 VDC
using high impedance multimeter
DC output current (Idc) at Panel DC Current – 9 ADC
DC output current (Idc) using current DC Current – 9 ADC
clamp on meter
Check and confirm the cathode Current from Junction Box or TR Unit (if Applicable)
Negative Drain Current DC Current – 9 ADC
Check and confirm the Cathode Potentials
With Respect to Tank ON Potential Tank OFF Potential
Conclusion
All anodes are working fine and delivering the required current.
There is no shunt installed for anodes to measure the individual currents.
Recommendation
If possible, its recommended to install shunt in junction box to measure the anode
individual currents.
Conclusion
Both permanent reference electrodes are working fine.
Coupon is not installed for this tank.
c) Junction Box
Conclusion
Physical condition of Junction box is OK for short life of 5 to 6 years. However, there
is no immediate requirement of replacement.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is partially corroded.
Doors of the TR Unit are also partially corroded.
TR Unit is 15 years old.
Other functionality of TR Unit is OK.
Recommendation
CP System is already 15 years old, based on future operational requirement,
company should take the decision for its replacement with same or higher current
capacity (approx. 50V / 30A) to meet the future current requirement to maintain
protection level of the tank.
8.3.2. INSPECTION & ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CP SYSTEM FOR FIRE WATER TANK
The inspection details of CP System for fire water tank have been highlighted below.
Check / Result
At the CP Rectifier, record the DC Output power parameters.
DC output voltage (Vdc) at Panel DC Voltage – 12 VDC
DC output voltage (Vdc) at the terminals
DC Voltage – 11.8 VDC
using high impedance multimeter
DC output current (Idc) at Panel DC Current – 1.6 ADC
DC output current (Idc) using current
DC Current – 1.6 ADC
clamp on meter
Check and confirm the cathode Current from Junction Box or TR Unit (if Applicable)
Negative Drain Current DC Current – 1.6 ADC
Check and confirm the Cathode Potentials
With Respect to Tank ON Potential Tank OFF Potential
Conclusion
Condition of anodes seems to be OK as anodes are discharging the current.
Conclusion
One reference electrode REF-12 is working fine.
Second reference electrode REF-22 is not working fine. However, there is no
immediate requirement for replacement as one of the reference electrodes is working
fine.
Polarized potentials of tank internal is more than -800 mV and hence, tank is
cathodically protected.
c) Junction Box
Conclusion
Physical condition of Junction box is OK for short life of 5 to 6 years.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is partially corroded.
Doors of the TR Unit are also partially corroded.
TR Unit is 15 years old.
Other functionality of TR Unit is OK.
Recommendation
CP System is already 15 years old, based on future operational requirement,
company should take the decision for its replacement with same or higher current
capacity (approx. 50V / 30A) to meet the future current requirement to maintain
protection level of the tank.
8.4. INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CP SYSTEM FOR SEA WATER INTAKE AREA
The concrete rebars in sea water intake area is provided with impressed current cathodic protection system.
The inspection details of CP System for sea water intake area have been highlighted below.
Conclusion
All MMO mesh anodes are working fine and delivering the required current.
Conclusion
Two of the reference electrodes (3Zc1 & 4Zc1) seems to be not working. In spite of increase in
current (am most 29 A), there in almost no changes in potentials of these reference electrodes.
All other reference electrodes working fine.
However, there is no immediate requirement of replacement as their second reference
electrode are working fine.
All potentials of the rebars are more than -800 mV with respect to Ag/AgCl reference
electrodes. Hence, structures are cathodically protected.
At two locations potentials are less than -800 mV which could be due to mal functioning of
reference electrodes as there is no increase in rebars potentials at these locations in spite of
increasing the overall CP current by 29 Amp.
c) Junction Box
Conclusion
Physical condition of all the three Junction boxes is OK.
Conclusion
Enclosure of the TR Unit is in good conditions.
Functionality of TR Unit is OK.
e) Header Cables
Conclusion
Header cables of TR Unit circuit-6 is damaged as no current is passing in spite of setting 12 V
on the panel.
However, there is no immediate requirement as structures are protected by other circuits
output currents.
Recommendation
Based on future operational requirement, company should take the decision for its repair and
rectification.
9. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATION
Further testing for Reference Electrode is recommended once damaged negative header cable is Reference Electrode
2 Yes ----- Yes ----- ----- ----- -----
replaced between tank and negative cable terminal in junction box. Testing
Further testing for Transformer Rectifier Unit is recommended once damaged power control Transformer Rectifier Unit
3 ----- ----- Yes ----- ----- ----- -----
cards is replaced Testing
CP system has not been in function for unknow period, it’s also recommended to check the Stucture Thickness
4 Yes Yes Yes -----
thickness of tank surfaces to meet the project allowable requirement. (UT Test) Testing
NEW MATERIALS OR REPLACEMENT
It is recommended to replace the existing negative header cable between tank and negative
1 Header Cable Replacement Yes ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
cable terminal in junction box with new one.
If there is no nearby immediate shutdown planned, then its recommended to replace the
3 Anode Replacement ----- ----- ----- Yes ----- ----- -----
anodes with new one to cathodically protect the tank from corrosion.
If there is no nearby immediate shutdown planned, then its recommended to replace the Reference Electrode
4 ----- ----- ----- Yes ----- Yes -----
permanent reference electrode with new one to cathodically protect the tank from corrosion. Replacement
It is recommended to replace the existing corroded junction box with a new junction box at
5 Junction Box Replacement Yes ----- Yes Yes ----- ----- -----
same location.
If possible, its recommended to install shunt in junction box to measure the anode individual
6 Shunt in Junction Box ----- ----- ----- ----- Yes ----- -----
currents.
Fuses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes -----
7 Transformer Rectifier Spare Parts Voltage Regulator Yes Yes Yes Yes ----- ----- -----
Power Control Cards ----- ----- Yes ----- ----- ----- -----
i) Functionality of TR Unit can be maintained by having slightly higher rated fuses and by
changing the voltage regulator. However, physical condition of TR Unit is very much corroded
and it’s not recommended to use for longer period as it has live components in it and doors and
enclosers are getting corroded day by day. Transformer Rectifier Unit Company Company Company Company Company Company
8 -----
ii) CP System is already 16 years old, based on future operational requirement, company should Replacement Decision Decision Decision Decision Decision Decision
take the decision for its replacement with a higher current capacity (approx. 30 V/30 A) to meet
the present and future current demand to maintain the protection level at the tank bottom
plate.
Provide Polarization Cell Replacement (PCR) or Solid-State Device (SSD) between earthing and
9 SSD or PCR Yes ----- Yes ----- ----- ----- -----
tank
AMRAN CPSS L.L.C
REPORT ON INSPECTION OF
CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
AT SHUAIBHA IWPP PLANT
PROJECT-P3072