PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

L E S S O N 3 K I N D S O F VA R I A B L E S A N D T H E I R U S E S
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Define variable(s)
2. Differentiate Discrete and Continuous variables
3. Differentiate Independent and Dependent variables
4. Enumerate quantitative variable measuring scales
5. Cite the advantages and limitations of quantitative variables
6. Share the importance of choosing the right variable

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 VARIABLES
Variables are elements, entities, or factors that can change
(vary).
Example:
❖the outdoor temperature,
❖the cost of gasoline per gallon,
❖a person’s weight,
❖and the mood of persons in your extended family.
❖In other words, they can have different values under different
conditions or for different people.

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
1. Numerical measurement
2. Statistical analysis
3. Different levels of measurement
4. Continuous or discrete
5. Mean and standard deviation

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 CLASSIFICATIONS OF VARIABLES

Investigators/researchers make decisions about having them serve as either

independent variables or dependent variables.

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
VARIABLES

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
DISCRETE VARIABLE
It is a variable that can take only
specific values. It cannot take on any
value between two specific points.
Examples of discrete variables :
❖the number of children in a family,
❖the number of students in a class,
❖and the number of cars in a
parking lot.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SY 2023 – 2024
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
A continuous variable is a variable that can
take on any value within a certain range. It
can be measured on a continuous scale
(instruments that provide a high level of
precision), and there are no gaps or
interruptions between the values.
Examples of continuous variables :
age, weight, height, and temperature
SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
MEASURING SCALES
1. NOMINAL SCALE
2. ORDINAL SCALE
3. INTERVAL SCALE
4. RATIO SCALE

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 1. Nominal Scale
A nominal scale is a scale in which data are
classified into mutually exclusive categories with no
inherent order or ranking.
Examples: gender, race, and occupation.

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 2. Ordinal Scale
An ordinal scale is a scale in which data are classified
into categories that can be ranked or ordered. However,
the intervals between the categories may not be equal.
Examples: education level (high school, college, graduate
school), and socioeconomic status (low, middle, high).

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SY 2023 – 2024 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 3. Interval Scale
An interval scale is a scale in which data are
classified into categories with equal intervals
between them, but there is no true zero point.
Examples of interval scale variables include
temperature (measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit) and
IQ scores.

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 4. Ratio Scale
A ratio scale is a scale in which data are classified into categories
with equal intervals between them and a true zero point.
Examples of ratio scale variables include weight, height, and
income.

With ratio scales, we can make meaningful comparisons between the numbers, and
we can multiply or divide them to create meaningful ratios.
For example, if someone’s income is twice that of someone else, we can say that
their income ratio is 2:1.

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 ADVANTAGES OF
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
1. Precise measurements
2. Statistical analysis
3. Easy to compare
4. More objective
5. Useful in modeling and prediction
6. Can be used in scientific research

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 LIMITATION OF
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
1. Limited understanding of context
2. May not capture qualitative aspects
3. May not capture unique experiences
4. Potential for measurement error
5. Limited to measurable phenomena

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SY 2023 – 2024 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 GROUP ACTIVITY
Each group is assigned to share examples of each
variable and share it in the class.

Clarity of Presentation – 10
Creativity – 10
Total – 20

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 ANY QUESTION OR
CLARIFICATION?

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL

 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Direction: Differentiate the kinds of variables and
their uses. You may write sentences, use a table, or
a graphic organizer.

Comprehensiveness – 10
Creativity – 10
Total – 20

SY 2023 – 2024 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SAN BARTOLOME HIGH SCHOOL