System

What is a system?
A system is made up of two or more parts that function together.

If one part is missing or damaged, the system will not work or function properly.

Examples of system around us include:

pen (cover, pen body and ink)

torch light (bulb, batteries, wires and torch cover)

pencil case (zip and case

your amazing body (the different organs)

The main systems in the human body includes:

System Organs Functions

Digestive system Mouth Breaks down food into
Gullet simpler substances
Stomach Absorbs digested food
Small intestine and water
Large intestine Stores undigested food
Rectum until it is passed out as
Anus waste
Respiratory system Nose
Windpipe Takes in oxygen to body
Lungs and removes carbon
Diaphragm dioxide from body
Circulatory system Heart Transports oxygen,
Blood vessels digested food, water and
Blood mineral salts to different
parts of body
Transports waste
materials like carbon
dioxide away from
different parts of body
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Skeletal system 206 bones in our body Supports the body and
gives it shape
Protects important
organs like heart, lungs
and brain
Works with muscular
system to allow
movement
Muscular system Muscles in our body Work with skeletal
system to allow
movement

Matter
-Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Examples: table, chair, water and oxygen

Non-examples: light, shadow, energy and sound

- Matter can be classified into 3 states: Solid, Liquid and Gas.

- The properties of the 3 states of matter.

Solid Liquid Gas

Has definite shape Has no definite shape Has no definite shape
- Takes shape of - Takes shape of
container container
Has definite volume Has definite volume Has no definite volume
- Cannot be compressed - Cannot be compressed - Can be compressed

Heat
Concepts learnt:
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 Heat is a form of energy.

 Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold an object is.
 Sun is the main source of heat. Other sources of heat include fire, electrical
appliances and even friction.
 When a pot gains heat and water boils inside, we say that the pot conduct
heat from the fire to the water and increases its temperature to the boiling
point.

Conductors of heat
Concepts learnt:

 When two objects touch each other, heat will flow from the hotter object
to the colder object until both of them reach the same temperature.
 Materials that conduct heat faster are called good conductors of heat.
 Materials that conduct heat slower are called poor conductors of heat.

Good conductors of heat Poor conductors of heat

Mercury Cotton
Metal (Silver, Aluminium, Copper, Iron, Plastic
Steel)
Glass
Air

Effects of heat gain and heat loss in our daily life

There are 3 effects of heat gain and heat loss in our daily lives.

Effect 1: Increase or Decrease in Temperature

 Gain heat increase in temperature
 Lose heat decrease in temperature

Effect 2: Changes in States of Matter

 Sometimes, when an object gains heat, its temperature does not increase.
This is because it has reached its boiling or melting point and is changing
state.
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 Sometimes, when an object loses heat, its temperature does not decrease.
This is because it has reached its freezing point and is changing state.

Effect 3: Expansion and Contraction

 Gained heat expand
 Lost heat arrow contract

Solid
System

Liquid
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Gas
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Expansion and contraction in daily life

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