REPORT

TRIMESTER 1, 2022/2023
TMA1111 – MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES

TMA1111 – MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES

TRIMESTER 1, 2022/2023
Lecture Session: TMA1111
Group number: Group 39
Group Leader: Zakarya ala aldin issa zaid
Email: 1221301222@student.mmu.edu.my
Contact number: 01162320995
Attendance List

Student ID Name Program Tutorial Signature Signature Signature

Group (24/11/2022) (3/12/2022) (16/1/2023)
1 1221301222 Zakarya ala AI 1EL
aldin issa zaid
2 1221301245 AI 1DL
Mavilakkandy
Muhammed
Nafih
3 1221301208 Nawfal syafi ST 1CL
bin zailian
4 1221301331 Abdullah AI 1DL
zeyad eid
youseff ahmed
kawadis
5 1221301354 Muhammad ST 1AL
iffat bin
hanafiah
(TO BE FILLED BY STUDENTS)

DECLARATION: We agree that all members deserve equal marks from this report. We confirm that we
have contributed equally to produce an original report in our best effort.

Write your name, ID (clearly) and signed (by all members):

Name: Zakarya ala aldin Issa Zaid Student ID: 1221301222 Signature:
Name: Mavilakkandy Muhammed Nafih Student ID: 1221301245 Signature:
Name: Nawfal syafi bin zailan Student ID: 1221301208 Signature: _
Name: Abdullah zeyad eid youseff kawadis Student ID: 1221301331 Signature:
Name: Muhammad iffat bin hanafiah Student ID: 122130 1354 Signature:

(TO BE FILLED BY LECTURER)

Report Marking Scheme

Part 1: Infographics

Completeness 0 1 2 3 4 5
(All Topics)
Creativity 0 1 2 3 4 5
(Able to illustrate the concepts)

Total Points /10

Part 2: How-to-manual
Completeness 0 1 2 3 4 5

Effort (Sufficient information for report requirement) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Creativity (Able to illustrate the concepts) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Overall quality 0 1 2 3 4 5

Total Points /20

Penalty Points
(Late Submission, Plagiarism, etc.)

FINAL POINTS/ /30

Marks Indication:
Not achieved (0) – Students are not able to achieve the specific task.
Minimally achieved (1) – Student have only produced minimally acceptable results in the specific task.
Poor (2) – Student have performed a poor work resulting in insufficient results in the specific task.
Moderate (3) – Student have performed moderately work resulting in typical results in the specific task.
Satisfactory (4) – Student have performed satisfactory work resulting in sufficient results in the specific task.
Excellent (5) – Student have performed a very thorough work resulting in extraordinary results in the specific task.
 Project group declaration form

FACULTY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

TMA1111
Mathematical Techniques
Trimester 1
2022/2023 (Term 2215)
Report

Lecturers’ Name:
Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Tan Choo Kim
Ts. Ms. Tan Choo Peng

Group Members:

No. Student ID Student name Major Lecture Tutorial

(B.I.T. (Hons) (DCN)/ B.I.T. (Hons) Session Session
(ST)/ B.C.S (Hons) (AI)/B.I.T. (Hons)
(BIA)/B.I.T. (Hons) (ITM)/ B.I.T
(Hons) (AI)/ B.Sc. (Hons)
(Bioinformatics)/…
1. 1221301222 ZAKARYA ALA ALDIN ISSA ZAID B.C.S (HONS) (AI) TMA1111 1EL
2. 1221301245 Mavilakkandy Muhammed Nafih B.C.S (HONS) (AI) TMA1111 1DL
3. 1221301208 Nawfal syafi bin zailan B.I.T. (Hons) (ST) TMA1111 1CL
4. 1221301331 Abdullah zeyad eid youseff kawadis B.C.S (HONS) (AI) TMA1111 1DL
5. 122130 1354 Muhammad iffat bin hanafiah B.I.T. (Hons) (ST) TMA1111 1AL
6.

Declaration by Group Leader

I hereby declare that all group members’ names are correctly included in the above section. I hold a copy of this
assignment which I can produce if the original is lost or damaged. I certify that not part of this assignment has been
copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made in the
assignment/project/etc.

Group Leader’s Signature:

Group Leader’s Name: Zakarya ala aldin issa zaid

Group Leader’s ID: 122130122

Date: 19/1/2023
 Group Member’s Declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form. This form has to
be attached together with project submission.)

Group member’s name: Zakarya ala aldin issa zaid

Student ID: 1221301222

For the purpose of completing this assignment, I have performed the following tasks:

I have completed the following task Info graph topic 1.1 vectors
I have completed the following task Info graph topic1.2 matrix.
I have completed the following task Info graph topic 5 ODES (ordinary differential equations

I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility should there be any
inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.

Group member’s signature:

Group member’s name: Zakarya ala aldin issa zaid

Group member’s ID: 1221301222

Date: 19/1/2023
 Group Member’s Declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form. This form has to
be attached together with project submission.)

Group member’s name: Mavilakkandy Muhammed Nafih

Student ID: 1221301245

For the purpose of completing this assignment, I have performed the following tasks:

I have completed the following task Info graph topic 2 complex numbers

I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility should there be any
inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.

Group member’s signature:

Group member’s name: Mavilakkandy Muhammed Nafih

Group member’s ID: 1221301245

Date: 19/1/2023
 Group Member’s Declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form. This form has to
be attached together with project submission.)

Group member’s name: Nawfal syafi bin zailan

Student ID: 1221301208

For the purpose of completing this assignment, I have performed the following tasks:

I have completed the following task Info graph topic 3 Differentiation.

I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility should there be any
inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.

Group member’s signature:

Group member’s name: : Nawfal syafi bin zailan

Group member’s ID: 1221301208

Date: 19/1/2023
 Group Member’s Declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form. This form has to
be attached together with project submission.)

Group member’s name: Abdullah zeyad eid youseff kawadis

Student ID: 1221301331

For the purpose of completing this assignment, I have performed the following tasks:

I have completed the following task Info graph topic 6 Hypotheses and regression.

I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility should there be any
inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.

Group member’s signature:

Group member’s name: Abdullah zeyad eid youseff kawadis

Group member’s ID: 1221301331

Date: 19/1/2023
 Group Member’s Declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form. This form has to
be attached together with project submission.)

Group member’s name: Muhammad iffat bin hanafiah

Student ID: 122130 1354

For the purpose of completing this assignment, I have performed the following tasks:

I have completed the following task Info graph topic 4 Integrations

I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility should there be any
inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.

Group member’s signature:

Group member’s name: Muhammad iffat bin hanafiah

Group member’s ID: 122130 1354

Date: 19/1/2023
Part 1: Infographic
 Norm of a Vector/ Length of a STANDARD UNIT VECTOR
Vector
Unit vector in the direction of v

The length of a vector v is often The unit vectors i= <1, 0, 0>, j =<0,1,0> and k = <0, 0, 1>
are called the standard unit vectors
called the norm of v and is
denoted by ||v|| find a unit vector in the direction of V = <1,1,2> For Example, <3, -2, 1> = 3i -2j + k
and verify that the result has length 1

vector v= p1p2 = <4-2, -3-(-1), 1- (-5)> = <2, -2, 6> Properties of Vector

DOT PRODUCT
Cross product and Angle of vectors Cross product Vectors COMPONENTS FORM OF THE DOT PRODUCT

If u = <u1, u2, u3> and v = <v1, v2, v3> be two Let u = < u1, u2, u3> and v = <v1, v2, v3> be two vectors in
If u and V are vectors θ is the angle between vectors in 3-space, then their cross-product 3-space, then their DOT product are as follows
u and v, then: U x V is the vector defined by

or in the
determinant Relationships Involving Cross Product
notation
and Dot Produc

If 0 is the angle between u and v, then the dot product

The cross u.v can also be defined as
product can
be calculated
as follows

Find the cross product of u = <1,2, -2> and v = <3, 0, 1>

PLANES IN 3-SPACE
LINES IN 3-SPACE Point-Normal Equation of a plane

AN equation of the line (in the xy-plane) passing through p0= (x0, y0) The plane containing the point (x0, y0, z0) with a normal
and perpendicular to the nonzero vector n = ai + bj is given by. vector n + <a, b, c> can be represented by the equation.

Parametric Equations of a line in 3-space Symmetric Equation of a line in 3-space

 Subtraction of matrix Addition of matrix Matrix Multiplication Scalar Multiplication TRANSPOSE OF MATRIX

Operation on
matrix

Inversing NxN matrices using the

Adjoint matrix

Inverse of 2x@ matrix

MATRIX
SYSTEM OF LINEAR
EQUATION
Steps to solve Linear Equation by its Inverse.
Inverse of
Matrix Step 1: Write the system into matrix form: AX =
Step 2: Find the cofactor of A
Step 3: Find the |A|.
Step 4: Solve the system using
Steps to find the Inverse of the matrix A (n>1)

Step1: Find the cofactor of matrix of A, (Cij)

Determinant
Step 2: Find the determinant of A, |A|
Step3: Find the inverse of A using the formula.

Steps to Evaluate the Determinants of a square Matrix A of

Determinant for 2x2
Cofactor of an entry order n (>1)
Matrix
Step1: Select any row/column of A
Step2: Get the cofactor of each of the entries for the selected
row/column.
Step3: The determinant is the sum of the product of cofactors
and entries
 Definition: For a function f = f (x) defined on an open interval (a, b) about a number c,
except possibly at c itself, if f (x) gets arbitrarily close to a number L for all x
sufficiently close to c (on either side of c) but not equal to c, then we say that f
approaches the limit L as x approaches c, and we write Direct substitution
Directly Substitute the x-value into the function to check whether we can get a value of limit.
If can, then the limit exists & stop here. If cannot, proceed to the following step.

How to solve limit Simplification

question In Step 1, if we cannot get a value of limit when we directly substitute the x-value into the
f is continuous at c if and only if function, then we try to (simplify the function), such as - Rationalization - factorization &
cancellation - expansion - divided by the highest term x n in the denominator, etc. in order
to obtain a simplified function. Then repeat Step 1. The process continues until we can get
a value. If there is really no value can be obtained after simplification, that means the limit
does not exist.

Limit definition

Limit laws
Continuity rules Continuity

Limits of Polynomials
Limits of a function

Limits of Rational Functions

General form
Differentiation
Understanding
We say that is the left/right limit of a
function at if we can get as close to as
we want by taking on the left/right side
of, and close to but not equal to.
Limit:

Derivatives rules Higher Derivatives

For left side:

For right side:

Derivatives
One-sided limits
Types of One-sided limits exist

L’HÔSPITAL’S RULE
Not exist

Definition

Derivatives of Trigonometric Limits involving infinity f (x) has the limit L

as x approaches
Functions and Their Inverses infinity (∞)

Definition
f (x) has the limit M
as x approaches
negative infinity (−∞)
Implicit Differentiation
Infinite limits

Limit laws(∞)

f (x) approaches infinity as x approaches c

Implicit differentiation is a method that allows

Derivatives of Logarithmic differentiation of y with respect to x (dy/dx) without the
need of solving for y. Implicit differentiation can also be
and Exponential Functions used to describe the slope and concavity of curves which
are defined by the parametric equations.
APPLICATION OF f (x) approaches negative infinity as x approaches c
DERIVATIVES How to
solve This
question

The Chain Rule

Limit approach
The rule applied for finding the infinity for rational
The Second Derivative extrema
derivative of the composite function Critical Points To solve this you must use the highest in
Test for Local Extrema (maximum/minimum)
Formula numerator and divide it with the highest
term in denominator

Let f(x) be a function with domain Df .

A point Df c is called a critical point of
f if either f '(c) = 0 or f '(c) fails to exist.
 FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS (INTEGRAL EVALUATION THEOREM)

FORM OF INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

1.ORDER OF INTEGRATION

2.ZERO
IS EQUIVALENT TO

PROPERTIES 3.CONSTANT MULTIPLE

2.CONSTANT MULTIPLE RULE RULES
A FUNCTION F(x) IS AN ANTIDERIVATIVE TO A FUNCTION f(x) IF
4.SUM & DIFFERENCE
3.RULE FOR NEGATIVES

4.SUM & DIFFERENCE RULE INDEFINITE INTEGRALS INTEGRATION DEFINITE INTEGRALS 5.ADDITIVITY

BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

INTEGRATION BY PARTS
7.DOMINATION

BASIC DEFINITE INTEGRATION EXAMPLE QUESTION

INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

TABULAR DEFINITE INTEGRATION

BY FORMULA BY TABULAR INTEGRATION

SUBSTITUTION IN DEFINITE INTEGRATION

U FUNCTION WILL BE CHOSEN

BASED ON THE PRIORITY LIST (LIPET)
1.Log Function
2.Inverse Trigo Function
3.Polynomial Function
4.Exponent Function
5.Trigo Function
USUALLY,THE MORE COMPLICATED
FUNCTION WILL BE CHOSEN TO BE U

EXAMPLE QUESTION EXAMPLE QUESTION

EXAMPLE QUESTION

CAN ONLY BE USED WHEN ONE FUNCTION CAN BE REPEATEDLY

DIFFERENTIATED TO BECOME ZERO AND THE OTHER FUNCTION CAN BE
INTEGRATED REPEATEDLY WITHOUT DIFFICULTY

EXAMPLE QUESTION
 ordinary differential
Classification by Type
equation (ODE)

highest-order
Classification by Order first-order ODE second-order ODE third-order ODE
derivative

Ordinary Differential
Second order
Linear differential equation of Equations
differential equation
second order
is called linear.

equations are simply differential

Non-homogeneous Differential
equations that do not satisfy the Second-Order Linear ODEs (coefficients are
equation equations are constant)
conditions for homogeneous equations Differential
STEPS

classified according
Equation to Classification as
Linear or Nonlinear

Solve the auxiliary equation

for the roots ( values)
HOMOGENEOUS EQUATIONS
WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS Non Linear ODEs
Write the general solution, First-Order (coefficients are not
y= c1y1 + c2y2, Differential constant)
Equations

any linear combination of two solutions on HOMOGENEOUS

an open interval
EQUATIONS

Particular
General Solution Initial Value Solution Separable Differential Linear Differential Exact Differential Integrating factors – Reduction
Problem
Equations Equations Equations to Exact form

Method to transform the non-exact

differential equation into exact
form by multiplying by an

is obtained if we integrating factor

assign specific values STEPS

separable (because can
to c1 and c2 be separated into

can be transformed into an

exact form by multiplying by
 The
Coefficient of Correlation
Determination
The Simple Linear
Regression Model

The Coefficient
of Determination
& Correlation

REGRESSION &
CORRELATION

Important Concepts
HYPOTHESES in Hypothesis Testing
TESTING &
Introduction
REGRESSION
Estimating
Model
Parameters

Hypothesis Test HYPOTHESES

about the TESTING
Proportion

One Sample - Test on

a Single Proportion

Hypothesis Test
about the
Variance
Important Concepts in
Hypothesis Testing

Single Sample - Test

Concerning The
Variance

A test statistic, a function

of the sample data on
which the decision is to be
based.

Hypothesis
Test about the
Mean
Two Samples: Test
Concerning the
Difference between Two
Single Sample – Test Means
Concerning the Mean
Part 2: Prepare a Process/Concept Manual
Find dy/dx if 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + sin xy

Differentiate both sides.

Treating y as a function of x
and using the chain rule .

Treat xy as product

Solved for dy/dx

Find an equation for the plane through P(6,2,-2) that is perpendicular to the plane
2x-2y+4z=-1 and 6x+3y-3z= 5

FIND THE CROSS PRODUCT

OF THE PLANES

= [(-2)(-3) – (3)(-3)] i [(2) (-3) – (4)(6)] j + [(2)(3) – (-2)(6)] k

= 15i + 30j + 18k
= 5i + 10j = 6k
= <5,10,6>

Use points-normal equation of a plane.

a(x-x0) + b (y- y0) +c(z-z0) = 0

5(x-6) + 10(y-2) + 6(z-(-2) = 0 From the given point (6, 2, -2)

x0,y0,z0
5x – 30 +10y – 20 + 6z + 12 = 0 From the given vector < 5,10,6>
a,b,c
5x +10y + 6z – 38 = 0

The equation for the plane through

P(6,2,-2)