L OG A R I TH M I C TA B L E S

P ROF GE OR G E
. W I L L I A M J ON E S

COR N ELL U N I V E RSI TY .

FOURTH E DI TI ON .

To promote the de tection of err ors i n the ta b l e s, one l wi ll b

do la r e pai d
for the first notice y
of e ver such error. A ddre ss Prof . J ones a t I thaca.

l fl ll hfl ll
M A C M I L L A N A N D CO .

m am a , N . Y .

GEORGE W . JON ES .

18 93 .
 CO N TENTS .

P a s -a .

EX PLANATI ON OF THE TAB LE S

I FO UR PLA C E LOG AR I TI I MS
.
-
12 14 -

A f pl t bl f l g i thm f th n t l n mb 1 2
o urs a ce a e o wi th t bl f p o ar s o e a ura . u e rs , , a a e o ro

p ti l di ff
or i th m gi
o na d f th l g i th m f th
e re nce s q ub q n t e ar n, an o e o ar s o e s ua re s, c es, s uare roo s , -

ub t d i p l f th umb 1 2 99
c e roo s a n
-
re c roca s o e n ers , , . .

II FO U R P LACE TR I GONOME TR I C FUN CTI O NS

.
-

A f pl t bl
o ur f l g i t hm -
f th
a ce i p i i p l t ig
a m t i fu ti
e o wi th diff
o ar f s o e s x r nc a r o no e r c nc ons, ere nce s or

mi u t d f th l gth
n f
e s, a n i di o e en s o area n ra a ns .

I II LOG AR I TI I M S OF N U M B ERS
.
,

A i pl t bl
s x f l g i thm
-
f f u fig
ace aumb wi h t bl f diff
e o o ar s o o r -
ure n e rs , t a a e o e re nce s .

CONSTANTS OF M ATH EM ATI CS AN D OF NATUR E W EI GHTS AND M EA SU R E S —

,

A t bl f ful
a n t nt wi th th l g i thm f th
e o use i mm co s a s, e o ar s o ose n co on use .

ADD I TI ON SUB TR A CTI ON LOGAR I THMS -

A i pl t bl f l g i thm
sx -
l t d th t by th i u th l g ithm f th m d f th
ace a e o o ar s so re a e a , e r se , e o ar o e su an o e

f tw mb m yb f d from th i l g i th m wi th t t ki g um b
‘

di it ere nce o o nu t th ers a e ou n e r o ar s ou a n ou e n ers

SI NES A ND T NGE NTS A OF SM ALL ANGLES ,

A table of the ra tios si n A :

A ”
, ta n A :A ”
for ang e s l 0 b wh by th l °- °
, ere e ogari t hmi c si ne s a nd

ta nge nts of the se sma ll l

a ng es are found more ex ac tl y th by T bl VI I an a e .

TR I GON M ET I O
R C F UNCTI ONS ,

A n pl vet bl f -
t l i
a ce i t g t
a e d t g t
o f gl na ura t s ne s, cos nes, an e n s , an co a n e n a o an es o

mi t t bl f th i l g i thm wi th di d f l g i thm f d
’
d
nu es, an i pl a sx -
ace a e o e r o ar s, ere nce s o o ar s or se co n s e x

p d in
re sse it f th i xth d i m l pl
un s o e s ec a ace .

VI I I . NATU R A L LOGA R I THMS ,

105 111 -

A i pl t bl f n t l l g i th m f th d i m l m b
s x -
a ce a e o 01 02 (B a ura f th t l o ar s o e ec a nu ers, .
, .
, .
, o e na ura

umb 1 2 8 1218 d f th p i m mb b tw 1218 nd 10000

n e rs , , , .
, an o e r e nu e rs e ee n a .

PR I ME AND COMPOSI TE N UM B ERS 1 18 187 ,

-

A t bl f p im
a d e omp i t mb fr m 1 t 2000
r 0 wi th th ih t
e an f th
co mp i t os e nu e rs o o , e c ors o e co os e

um b
n th t t di i i bl by 2
ers a b nd t pl
are no l g i th m f th p i m v s e or , a en -
ace o a r s o e r e s.

SQU A R E S ,
188 180 -

A t bl a f th qu f th
e o tu l e s 11 2 222 a re s o e na ra , . .

ounce, 11 -
140 14 1
-

A l l ;
o

ta b e of the cube s of the deci ma numi ee r . 1, 2, 8 , . .

Q
S UAR E R OOTS, -
142 145
-

A ta bl e of q
the s uare roots , to -
fo u r deci ma l place s, of the na tural num ers 1, 2, b . 299, a nd o f

the de ci ma nu l mb e rs . 1, 2, .

XI I I . CUB E R OOTS
-
,
148 15 1
-

A t bl f a e o th e cu b e roots,
-
t o fo u r deci ma l pl aces, of the na t u l ra num ers b 1, 2, . 929, of the

deci ma ls 1, 2, s, . . . . a nd of the dec i m l 01 a s .

, . 02, os, . . mm .

XI V . RE IC PR OCALS ,
15 2 158
-

A t bla f th ip l
e o f th d i m l um b
e rec 01 02 08 roca s o e ec a n e rs .
, .
, .
,

QUA RTE R SQ UAR ES -

,
15 1— 15 1

A t bl f th qu t q
a e o f th tu l
e mb 1 2 8 2000
a r e r s uar es o
-
e na ra nu e rs , , , . .

B ESSE L S CO E FF I C I E NTS
’
,

A t bl f B l
a mi t f
e o d th i d f
esse th
’
d fift h diff
s coe c en s or se co n ,
r , our , an e re nce s , fo r i nte rpo la ti on .

XVI I . B I N O M I A L COEFFI C I E NTS ,

A t bla f bi mi l fi i t f
e o d t hi d f
no th d fi ft h d i ff
a ooe c en s or se co n , r , o ur , an ere nce s, for i nte r pola ti on .

XVI I I . E R ROR S OF O BSE R VA TI O N ,

A t bla f di t f th p b bi li ty u
e o or lu f p b bi li ty i t g l
na e s o e ro a -
c rve , va es o ro a n e ra s, a nd o t er va ue s. h l
C py i gh t l SQ by G g W ill i m J o r , ,
eor e a ones.
 ’2 “
Hf /
7"
E X PLA N A TI ON or TH E TAB LES .

C OMM ON L OGA R IT H MS .

F ORM OF A L OGA R I TH K .

Tns m us e u m :of n umber i s the exponent of that power to whi ch a nother num
a

her the base mus t be raised to give the number first name d
, ,
.

The base comm only use d in computation i s 10 and as most numbers a re i ncom ,

me a sura ble powers of 1 0 a common logarithm in general consis ts of a n inte ger

, , ,
.

the characteristic a nd an endless decimal the ma ntissa

, ,
.

I f a number be resolved into two factors of which one is an integer power of 10 ,

and the other li es between 1 a nd 1 0 then the integer exponent of 1 0 is the charac ,

teri s ti c and the loga rithm of the other factor i s the mantissa
,
The chara cte ristic is .

positive if the n umber be larger than unity a nd nega tive i f it be smaller the ma n ,

tissa is always positi ve A negative characteristic is indica te d by the sign a bove it

. .

a nd log 777 0
.
fi g 7770 1 0 X
,

"
07 7 7 z:1 0 X . and log 077 7 .

The logarithms of all numbers expresse d by the same figures in the sa me order
have different chara cte ristics but the same mantissa for since all such n umbers ma y
be got one f rom another by multiplying or dividing by so me integer power of 10 ,

their logarithms differ by intege rs .

I n parti cular :if the decimal point stand a fter the first figure of a numbe r ,

counting from the left the characteri stic is 0 if a fte r two figures it i s 1 if a fter
, ,

three figures it is 2 a nd so on So i f the decimal point stand be fore the first sig
, , .
,

ni fica nt fig ure the characteri sti c i s 1

,
if one z
ero foll ow the decima l point it is 2 ,
.

E g log
. .
,
log log 003 64 9 : .

TA B LE S or Loe a mm u s .

The logarithm s of any se t of conse cutive num bers arranged i n a form convenient ,

for use constitute a ta ble of logarithm s Such a ta ble to the base 10 need give
, . .
, ,

only the mantissas the characte ristics are evident .

‘
I n thi s book there are three tables of common logarithm s Table I pp 12 13 , .
, ,

gives the logar ithm s of a ll three figure numbers correct to four decimal pla ces -
.

Table I I I pp 203 7 gi ves the logari thm s of a ll four figure numbers correct to six
, .
-

,
-

decimal places Table I X pp 1 14 13 3 gives the logarithm s of all prime n umbers

.
, .
-

be low 20000 correct to ten decimal pla ces .

All th ese tables are arra nged upon the sa me general plan that of double entry the , ,

las t figure of a n umber sta nding at the top of the page above the loga rithm a nd the , ,

other figures at the extreme left and on a li ne with the logari thm .

The explanations that follow apply particularly to Ta ble I I I but with slight ,

cha nges they may serve a ls o for T ables I and I X

, .

A
T B LE I II .

I n Ta ble III the first thre e figures of a number sta nd a t the left of the page a nd
, ,

the fourt h figure at the top the mantissa o f the loga rithm i s f ound on a line with .

the first three figures of the number and under the fourth fi gure , .
 E XP L A NA T I O N OF THE TA B LES .

The mantissas though endless d ecimals are ca rrie d to six places only the sixth
, ,

figure being that which i s nea rest to the true value i s in error by less than hal f a
, ,

unit Of these six fi gures the last four are always printed in full but the first two
.
,

appear in the first column only and at intervals of te n or when they change I f a
, , .

change occur in the middle of a line warning is gi ven by stars and then the first , ,

t wo figure s are rea d fro m the line below .

E g on page 3 2 the mantissas of a ll numbe rs fro m 7 000 to 7 079 be gin with 8 4

. .
,

o f numbe rs f rom 7 0 8 0 to 724 4 with 8 5 a nd the change to 8 6 takes pl a ce in the

,

logarithm of 7 24 5 .

The four figur e

numbers found in the table are tabular numbers a nd their loga
-

r i t hm s are tabular logarith m s The di ff erences of consecutive tab ular loga rithm s
. ,

the tabular di fferen ce s are printed in the column of di fferences with multiples of their
,

tenth parts below them .

TO TA KE OUT TH E L OG A R I TH M OF A N UM B E R .

For a four figure numbe r Take out the ta bular mantissa that l ies in l ine with the
-
.

first three figures of the number and u nder the fourth figure the characteristic i s
the exponent of that intege r power of 10 which lies next below the numbe r .

Eg
. log
.
,
log

For a number of less than four figu res Make the numbe r a four figure number .
-

by annexing zeros and follow the rule above .

E g
. log
.
,
l og 7 2 = l 8 5 73 3 2 log 7 02 .
,

log log log 000702 Z 8 4 6 3 3 7 .

-
. .

For a number of more than four figures Take out t he ta bular manti ssa of the first .

four fi gures subtract th is mantissa from the next greater tabular mantissa m ultiply
, ,

the di fference so foun d by the remaini ng figures as a decimal and add the product , , ,

as a correction to the mantissa of the fi rst four figures

,
.

E g to take out log

. .
,

The characte ristic i s 3 and the mantissa of log 8 5 13 is 9 3 008 3

,
. .

The tab ular difference i s 00005 1 and the prod uct of 00005 1 by 64 i s 00003 3
.
,
. . . .

The corrected logarithm is

The work may take this form

. 64 33

The labor o f multiplying is shorte ned by finding the tabular difference in the col
u mu of di fferences and adding mentally that part o f thi s di fference which lie s op po

p o s i te the fi fth figure o f the number a tenth o f that wh i c h lie,

s opposite the si x t h

figure a hundredth of that which lies opposi te the se venth figure and so on
, ,
.

E g in the example above under 5 1 a nd opposi te 6 i s 3 1 opposite 4 i s 20 whose

. .
, , ,

te n th part i s 2 and the sum i s 3 3

,
.

So to take out log 0013 8 6 13 7

,
.

man log l 3 8 6 . ta b di f = 3 13
. 3 13 x 1 3 7 = 4 3 . .
,
.
,

a nd the logarithm sought i s

This process of finding logarithms of numbe rs o f more than four figures is i n te r

la t i o n by prop rtional par ts it re s ts upo n t hi s property o f logarit hm s :t ha t t he
p o o ;
diff erences of logarithms are very nearly proportio nal to t he di ff ere nce s o f t he i r
numbers when those di ff erences are small .
 EX PLA N A TI ON OF TH E TA B LE S .

TO T KE A OUT A N UM B E R FRO! I TS LOGA RI THH .

For a mantissa found exactly in the ta ble Join the figur e at the top that lies above .

the given mantissa to the three fi gures upon the same line at the ex treme left in the
four figure number thus found so place the decimal point that the number shall be
-

the product of some number t hat lies between 1 a nd 10 by a power of 10 whose ex

ponent is the characte ristic of the logarithm .

E g to take out log

. .
, [log is read antilogarithm
“ i
.

The m a nti ssa 5 8 3 65 2 lies in line with 3 8 3 a nd under 4 and since the characte r
.

ist ic i s 3 ther e are four i n tege r figu res and the number is 3 8 3 4
, ,
.

SO ,
log - l
log "
. 003 8 3 4 .

To take out log i 78 0029 ”

.

The mantissa 78 0029 li es in line with 6 02 and under 6 and si nce the characte ristic
.
,

is 1 the number sought is 6 026

,
. .

So log , log

For a manti ssa not found ex actly in the table Take out the four figure antilogs .
-

ri thm of the tabul ar mantissa next less than the given mantissa a nd to it oin the
j ,

quotient of the difi ere nce of these two mantissas by the tabular di fi erence .

E g to ta ke out log “
,
. .

The next less ta bul ar mantissa is 5 8 3 65 2 whose four figure antilogarithm is 3 8 3 4 .

,
-

5 8 3 700 5 8 3 76 5 48 nea rly ,

5 8 3 65 2 48 5 8 3 65 2 1 13

a ndthe number sought is nearly .

To ta ke out log “

The next less b lar ma ntissa

ta u i s 78 0029,
. whose four figure antilogarithm
-
is 6 026,
7 8 008 9 78 01 01 6 0 72 nea rly ,

29 60 29 72

and the numbe r sought is 60268 3 nearly . .

To take out log "

The next less tabular mantissa is 4 7 1 14 5 whose four figure antiloga rithm
. .
, i s 29 5 9,
4 7 1 19 7 4 7 129 2 52 :14 7 nearly ,

45 52 14 5 14 7

and the number so ught is 29 5 9 3 5 0 n ea rly .

The labor of dividing is shorte ned by finding the ta bular difi e re nce in the column
of di ff erences and using the m ultiples of i ts tenth pa rt for the several products in the
,

course of the di vi sion Thus sho rtened the whole work may in most cases be done
.
,

mentally and only the complete a ntilogarithm is then written down

, .

E g in dividi ng 4 8 by 1 13 the table of di fi e re nces shows tha t 4 5 i s 4 te nths of

. .
, ,

1 13 a nd that the remainder 3 i s nearly 3 hundre dths of 1 13

, , , .

O
P SS I B LE ER RORS .

The possible error of any logarithm as printe d i n this table is hal f a m illionth and , , ,

the possible error of any ta bular differe nce is a millionth but the probable error is
m uch less I f several logarithm s be a dded or i f a loga rithm be multiplied by the
.
,

exponent of a high power the resulting logarithm may be in error by more than a
,
 EX PLA NA TI O N OF THE TAB LES .

millionth I n such a case the fifth figure of the an tilogarithm the firs t got by di
.
,

vision is generally trust w orthy the six th figure is often i n doubt a nd the seventh
, , ,

figure is rarely to be used The possible erro r in the result is nearly te n times greate r
.

if the logari thm be near the end of the ta ble than i f ne ar the begi nning f or then
the ta bular d ifference the di visor is much smaller and an error either in it or in the
, , ,

di vidend has grea ter e fi ect I f grea te r a ccuracy be desired larger tables must be used
.
, .

L AB OR SA V I N G DE V I C ES -

I f the numbe r whose logarithm is so ught lie nearer the la rger of two ta b ular num
bers the correction may be a pphed by subtracti on to the lar ger ta bula r mantissa ; and
, , ,

so i f a given logarithm lie n e arer the la rger of two t abular m a ntissa s the correction
, ,

may be applied by subtraction to the large r tabula r n umber

, ,
.

To avoid straining the eyes the logarithms a re grouped in blocks of fivé and instea d , ,

of tracin g the lines of figu res across the page and down the column s the computer ,

may guide him self by correspondences of position in the blocks .

To divi de a logarithm whose characteristi c 18 negative :Write down a s first quo ,

tient fig ure the nu mber of times the divisor i s contained m t ha t negative multiple of
,

itself which 18 equal to or nex t large r t han the negati ve characte ris tic carry the
, , ,

positive rem a inder to the ma ntissa and divide for the mantissa of the quotient .

To avoid negative characteris tics :Modify the loga ri thms by ad di ng 10 to such

chara cteristics U se the sums di ff erences or m ultiples of the modifi e d logarithm s
.
, ,

where the subject matter is such tha t the genera l ma gnitude of the resul ts cannot be
-

To divide a m odifi ed logarithm A dd such a multiple of 1 0 a s will make the sum

exceed the true logarithm by 1 0 times the divis or di vide and the quotient is the ,

true logarithm m odified , .

The arithmetical complement of a logarithm is the ex cess of 1 0over the given log
a ri thm ; it i s the modified logarithm o f the reciprocal of the number The a ri thm e .

tica l complement of a ta bular logarithm may be rea d directly from the table subtract ,

i ng the first fig ures of the logarithm f rom 9 and the las t from 10 .

CON ST A N TS .
— W E IGH TS A ND M E A S U R E S .

A
T B LE Iv .

Table I V gives the prin cipa l cons tan ts of mathemati cs and of na ture, with the log
a ri thms of such of them a s are in commo n u se I f the cha ra cteristic of a logari thm .

be negative the m odified logarithm i s used I n addition to the constants o f mathe .

matics certain formulm are sho wn by which these consta nts may be determined
,
.

I n chemis try P rofessor C lar ke 1s the auth ority

,
.

In physics Professom E verett La ndolt and B iirnstei n a re the pri ncipal authorities
, , .

When there have been several determinations o f a con stant either the range has been ,

gi ven where space permitted or that one of them ha s be en chose n which see m ed
, ,

most reliable H ere the meter is taken as

. inches .

In the conversion tables for Weights and Measures the m eter has been ta ken a s ,
”

inch es with a very sm all possible error on the authori ty of Professor Rogers
, ,

and of Professor Mendenhall the superintendent of the U nite d S tates Coa st and
,

Geo detic S urvey Thi s value i s also the legal value of the meter in the U nited
.

Sta tes The kilogram by the dete rmin a tions of the International Burea u of Weights
.
,

a nd Mea s ures i s 15 4 3 23 5 6 3 9 grain s

,
.
 EX PLA NA TI O N OF THE TAB LES .

A D D ITI ON -
S U BT RAC TI ON L OGA R ITH MS .

A
T B LE V .

A ddition subtraction loga rithm s (Gaussiana) a re of use in finding the logarithm of

-

the sum or differen ce of two n umbers directly from their logarithms T hey are .

know n as A loga rithms B logarithm s and C logarithms The ta ble is di vided in to

-

,
-

,
-
.

three pa rts :pp 4 2 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 8 .

-

,
-

,
-
.

The formula a t the botto m of any pa ge show how to use the logar ithms on t hat
pa ge :for addition a t the left for subtra ction a t the right
, ,
.

A ll cases of addition ca n be solved by the use of pa rt 1 and pa rt 2 nee d be use d ,

only for subtraction pa rt 3 is for subtra ction only .

This ta ble is arranged on the same general pla n as T able III the A logarithms in -

pa rts 1 2 take the place of numbers in that ta ble and the B loga rithms that of loga
, ,
-

r i thms ; the B logarithm s in pa rt 3 take t he place of numbers a n d the C l o a rithm s

g
- -

tha t of loga ri th ms
I n pa rts 1 2 A B are so related that log B : 1 + log A
, , ,
” - ‘
.

G i v nN log a log a GRE A TE R TH AN log 6 To F I ND log

,
log 6, AND ,

Fr om log 6 subtract log a and add 10 en te r the table with this sum a s A, take
out B as a loga rithm is found from i ts number ; to B add log a
, .

Or , from log a subtract log 6 a nd if the remainder be less tha n , . 2, enter the table
wi th this remai nder a s A ta ke out B and add log 6 , , .

The work may ta ke this form

A [ pa rt l A [pa rt 2

B B
log (a + 6) log (a + 6)

GI VE N log a ,
log 6, AN D log a GRE A TE R TR A N log 6 ,
To r 1ND log (a
From log a ubtract log 6 then
s ,

( )
a I f the rem a inder be less than 4 enter the table with this rema inder .
, as B and
and ta ke out A as a number is found from i ts loga rithm to A a dd log 6
, .

B [ pa rt l B [part 2

A A
log
( a —
6) log (a b) —

( )
6 I f the remainder be more tha n 4 enter the table with thi s remainder as B

and ta ke ou t C as a logarithm is found from i ts n umber to C add log 6

, .

B 04 5 0700 B [part 3

0 0
lo g( a -
b) log (a —
6)
 E X P LA NA T I ON OF TH E TAB LES .

T R I GON OM E T R I C F UNC TI ON S .

I n this book there are two ta bles of trigon ometric functions

Table II pp 15 19 gives the angles in degre es and in ra d ia n s to five min utes fo r
,
.
-

, , ,

the first five degrees and the last five degrees Of a right angle and to ten minutes for ,

the rest and it gives four place logarithm s of the si x principal functions of these a n
-

gles with differences for minutes

, .

Table V I pa ge 5 9 is a supple menta ry table whose object is to make more exact such
, ,

computations a s involve very small angles .

Table V I I pp 6 0 104 gives the angles to minutes for t wo right angles wi th their
,
.
-

, ,

natural sines cosines tangents and cotange nts corr ect to five places and si x pla ce
, , , , ,
-

logarithm s of these functions with di fi e re nces for se conds ,

.

The explanations that follow apply particularly to Ta ble V I I with slight changes
they may serve also for Table II F or explanation s of Table V I see pa ge 10 .
, .

A
T B LE VI I .

If the angle be less than 4 5 or more than the name Of the function and the
°

nu mbe r of degrees in the angle are found at the top of the page and the minutes at ,

the side O f the pa ge be low the degrees ; i f the angle lie betwee n 4 5 and the
°

name O f the f unction and the number Of degree s are found at the bottom Of the page ,

and the minutes above the number of degre es The functions are gi ven for every . _

degr ee and minu te from 0 to and they lie in line with the minute s of the angle
°
.

The functions them se lves called the natural fun ction s and their logarithm s the
, , ,

logarithmic functions a re printe d side by side the first in small type and the other
, , ,

in large r type as being more importa nt I f a logarithm be negative then the modi .
,

fied logarithm i s used .

At the right of the columns Of logarithmic si nce and cosines and be tween those o f
logarithmic tange nts and cota n gen ts are printed the six tieth parts of the di fferences
Of consecutive logarithm s they are the ta bular di fferences for seconds .

L ogarithmic secants and cosecants are foun d by subtracting from 10 the m odifi e d
logarithm s of cosines and sines .

The tables do not di stinguish between positive a nd negative function s and every ,

f unction i s some fun ction o f four di ff erent angles eve ry sine is the sine Of two angles
that are supplemen tary and the cosine of their comple ments and so with every co
, ,

sine tangent a nd cotangent

, ,
.

E g on page 7 1 the decimal 19 65 2 i s the sine of 1 1 20 and of 16 8

. .
,
and the .
° ’ °

cosine Of 78 4 0 and of 101 °

and'
i s i ts logarithm °
.

TO TA KE OUT A F UNCTI O N or A N A NG L E .

For a n angle given in degrees and minute s I f the degree s be at the top Of the .

page find the minu tes under the degree s and ta ke out the numbe r or i ts logarith m
, , ,

that lies in line with the minu tes and below the name Of the function so ught .

I f the degre es be at the bottom Of the page fi nd the minutes over the degrees a nd ,

the function sought above i ts name .

E g,. to take out nat sin 1 6 1 0

.
-
° ’

U nd e r 1 6 and nat sine and in line with 1 0 on the left read 27 8 4 3

’
° -
.
,
.
,

So to take out log cot 107 3 4

,
-
° ’

Over 1 07 and log cotangent and in line with 3 4 on the le ft rea d

'
° -

, ,
 EX PLA NA T I ON OF THE TAB LES .

F or an angle given in degrees minutes a nd second s Take out as above the , ,

.
, ,

functi ons of the two ta bular angles between which the given angle lies and to the
f un ction of the less angle add such pa rt of the ex ce ss of the function of the grea ter
a ngle over that of the less a s the second s are of one minu te ,
.

The cor rection for second s may be compute d a nd applied mentally With loga .

r i thmi c function s the correction s sought are the prod ucts of the tabular di fferences

f or seco a by the number of secon ds .

I f the f un ction of the grea ter angle be the grea ter f unction the correction i s pos i ,

ti ve ; but i f it be the less function the correcti on is negative ,

.

E g to take out nat ta n 1 06 3 3 4 7 ° ' '

-
. .
,

nat tan l o6 3 4
-
o '

nat ta n 106 -
°
36 x H= 28 28 — —

SO, to take out log cot -

1 07 ° ’
3 4 25
”

log co t 107
-
°
x 25 : 1 8 3 .

18 3 9 5 006 64

TO T KE A OUT A N A NG LE F RO M I TS F UNCTI ON .

The fun ction found exactly in the ta ble I f the na m e of the fun ction be found at
“

.
,

the top of the column rea d the degrees at the top of the page and the m i nutes in line
, ,

with the fu nction under the degrees .

I f the name of the function be f ound at the botto m of the column read the degrees ,

at the bottom of the pa ge and the minutes m line with the function over the degrees
, .

For every sine the table gives two angles supplements ; and which of them sha ll
, ,

be ta ken i s made known in practice by other considerations SO with the other func .

tions i f the signs of the f unctions be disr egarded .

E g to take out nat cos

. .
,
5 1279 The function is found on page 9 0 over 120 and
-
.
,
°

i n line with and over 5 9 and in line with °

So to take out log si n “ -

The function is found on page 9 1 under 3 1 °
, ,

a n d in li ne wi th and under 14 8 and in line with °

SO to ta ke out log ta n The function is found on page 9 1 over 5 8 and

1
206 74 4 °
"
-
.
, ,

in line with and over 121 and in line wi th °

The function not f ound exactly i n the table Take out the two ta bular f unctions .

between which the given function lies and to the smaller ta bular angle add su ch part
of sixty seconds a s the di fi ere nce between the function of the less angle and the given
function i s a part Of the tabular di fference .

I Vi th logarithmi c fun ction s the number of second s is the quotient of this di fference
by the tabular di fi erence for se cond s .

E g to ta ke out nat cos

.
-
“ 5 126 7 -
.
,
.

nat cos 5 9 -
°
5 126 7 60 x § 59 9 29 .
” ° ' ”

nat cos 5 9 -
°
25 5 1279 12 120 5 0 — .
— ° '

SO to take ou t log si n '

° ”
,
-
3 1 21 22

log si n 3 1 ” ' '

°
-
°
21 76 22 14 8 38

With practice the se conds may be computed mentally and , the whole angle is then
rea d directly f rom the table .
 EX PLA NA TI O N OF THE TA B LES .

SI N E S A ND TA NGE N TS OF S M A LL A NGLE S .

A
T B LE VL

an angle be very small i ts sine and tangent are also very small but the1r loga
If ,

r i t hm s are negative a n d very large and they change rapi dly and at rapidly varying ,

rates Such logarithm s there fore a re not convenient for use where interpolation is
.
, ,

necessa ry and in their stead the logarithm s given in Table V I may be used they
,

are based on the following considerat ions

A n angle whose bounding arc is just a s long a s a radius i s a radian it is equal to
5 7 17 °
i e to
’
and the n umber of seconds in an angle i s 206 264 8
. .
,

times the number of radians .

F or a small angle the number of radian s in the bounding a r c is a little larger than
the si ns of the angle and a little sm a ller than i ts tangent it follows that if A be a ,

small angle expresse d in radian s the ratio si n A A i s a little smaller and the ratio , ,

tan A :A i s a little larger than unity but both these ratios approach unity closer ,

and closer as the angle grows smaller .

I f the angle be expresse d in secon ds then the ratio si n A A i s a little smaller ”

,

than the reciprocal of 206264 8 a nd the ratio ta n A A i s a little larger than this ,

reciprocal These ratios change very slowly and hence in terpolation is always possi
.
,

ble the ta ble gives their logarithms for every minute f rom 0 to °

The cosine and cota nge nt Of an angle nea r 9 0 a re the sine and ta n gent Of the °

complem en ta ry sm all an le T he logarithm o f the cota ngent o f a small angle i s

g .

f ound by subtracting the modi fied logarithm of the tange nt of the angle from 1 0
that of the ta ngent Of an angle nea r by subtracting the modified loga ri thm of
the ta ngent of the complementa ry small angle from 10 .

TO T A KE OU T TH E SI N E OR TA NGE N I ’ ‘
OF A SM A LL AN GLE .

Take out the logarithm that lies be low the n umber of degre es and in line wi th the
minut es ; interpolate fo r seconds a nd add the logarithm of the whole number of ,

second s in the angle .

Le t A be the number of se cond s in an angle then

si n A : si n A : A A and og si n A = log (si n A A log A ”
( )
”
l ) +
” -

,
-

ta n A tan A :A A and log an A log nA A l A ”

( )
”
)
”
( t ta o
g
°

,
-
.

Eg . .
"
log si n 1 0 3 0 = log (sin
,
-
6 3 0) + log 63 0 ’
,

[pp 5 9 3 0 .
, .

So log ta n 3 13 4 0 = log (ta n 1 16 20 1 1620) + log 1 1620

,
-
° ’ ”
,

The angle i s found

by a reverse process .

E g to ta ke out log si n
. . and log ta n “ -
“ I -

F rom Table V I I pa ge 6 1 it appea rs that the angles sought lie between 1 29 and
, ,
° '

1 °
and nea rer to 1 29 a nd by the formula ° ”

"
log sin A — log (si n A :A) = log A ;
-
”
log ta n A log (ta n A :A) = log A
” -
”
—

and the angle is 29

'
i . e .
,
1 °
29
'

SO to take out log si n

“ -
log ta n -
" I
,

The angle lies betwee n 3 °

40
’
and 3 ° '
41 be tween 3 °
39
’
and 3 °
[p 6 3 .

z 4 l 209 5 3 , .

and the angle is i . e .

,
3 °
40
’
i . e .
,
3 °
39
'
 E X PLAN A TI ON OF THE TAB LES . 11

M I N OR T ABL E S .

RA L LOG A mr mrs vm . A
N TU .

I n table V III pp 105 1 1 7 the na tural logarithms (sometimes improperly called

,
.
-

N ape rian and sometim es hyperbolic loga rithms) follow their n umbers in pa ra llel
, ,

column s The cha racteristics a re given and a change in the position of the decimal
.

point in the numbe r changes bo th the mantissa and the chara cteri stic of the logarithm .

IX PRI M E AND CO MPOSI TE NUMB E RS . .

Table I X pp 1 18 13 7 gives a ll the prime factors of composi te numbe rs less tha n

, .
-

20000 tha t are not di visi ble by 2 or 5 and the ten place common logarithm s of the ,
-

primes I t i s a double entry table a nd to find primes it is sufficient to look for

.
,

numbers whose loga rithm s are given The ten place logarithm s of all composite .
-

numbers whose prime factors are smaller than 20000 a re found by adding the loga
rithms Of the factors and of prime numbers greater than 20000 by interpolation ,
.

X XI V SQU ARES C UB E S SQU A RE ROOTS CU B E ROOTS A ND R E C I P ROC A L S

-
.
, ,
-

,
-
.

Table X pp 13 8 13 9 gives the squar es of all three figur e numbers in f ull and a
,
.
-

,
-

cha nge in the posi tion of the decimal point in the n umber ma ke s twi ce as great a

change in the square and in the same di recti on , .

Table X I pp 14 0 14 1 gives the cubes of three figure n umbers correct to si x figures

,
.
-

,
-
.

Table XII pp 14 2 14 5 in two pa rts gives the square roots of a ll three figur e num
,
.
-

, ,
- -

bers to four pla ces and by interpola tion it gives the squar e root s of all other numbers
,
-
.

Table X III pp 14 6 15 1 in three parts gives the cube roots of a ll three figure
,
.
-

, ,
- -

numbers to four places a nd by inte rpolation of all other n umbers , , ,

.

Table XI V pp 1 5 2 15 3 gives the reciprocals of all three figure numbers to four

, .
-

,
-

pla ces a nd by interpol ation of all other numbers

, , , .

xv QUA RTE R SQU ARES .

-
.

Ta ble X V pp 15 4 15 7 makes it possible without logarithms to find the prod uct

,
.
-

, , ,

of any two numbe rs wh ose sum d oes not ex cee d 2000 by addition and subtr a cti on , .

For i f a b be a ny t wo numbers then 1

, a 6 ,
.

The qua rter square of an even number is an integer and that of an odd number
-

ends al w ays with the fraction but a s the sum and di fferen ce of any two integers
a re either both even or both odd th ese f raction s ca n cel each other in the subtraction , .

XVI X V I I COEFFI CI E NTS FOR I NTE RPOLATI ON -

. .

Let a b c d , , be a ny se ries ; a ” 6“c ( l e

, , their first di fferen ces ; ‘, l, l

a
,,
b c
,, ,,
their se cond difi erences and so on a n d let n be the numbe r of any ,

te rm T between 6 a nd d counting c as T then C n and

, n, , , ,

w ith B essel s coefi ci e nts ’

T c + C c + 5 C (b c ) C 6 + 4 C (a b ) C a ; , l l , , , , , , , , , ,

with the binomial coefficients T 0+ C c C 6 C c 1, , l 2 , , .

Of B essel s coefii ci e nts C i s negative throughout and 0 positive C i s negative for

’

, , , , ,

val ues of C above 5 a nd C for va lues below 5 Of the binom ial coefficients all
l
.
, .
. .

va l ues of C a nd C a r e ne ati ve
, g ,
.

XV I I I ER RO RS OF OB SE RV A TI ON . .

Table XV III pa ge 1 6 0 is in three pa rts : The first pa rt gives ordinates of the

, ,

p r obability cur v e and -

i ts are a T he second part give
, s the pro bability that the a bso .

lute m agnitude Of the error does not exce ed the indi cated fra ction of the probable
error The third pa rt tabulates four fa ctors that give the probable error of a single
.

observation and the probable error of the mean of n observations Multiply the first
,

two fa ctors into the squa re roOt of the sum s of the squa res of the di screpancies be
tween the n observation s and their mean or m ultiply the last t wo fac tors in to the
su m of the abs olu te v alu es Of the di screpan cies .
I . FO U R PLA CE LOGA RI T H M S
-
.

4 09 9
I . FO U R PLA CE
-

L OGAR I TEEMS . 13

7 110

73 9 6

8 5 97
 I . FO U R PLA CE LOGAR I THM S
-

log 1y = log i w = log i

-
ar = log § 1r =
‘I I . FO U R PLA CE TRI GONO M E TRI C FU NCT I ONS
-
. 15

° ’
9 0 00

° ’
89 00

° ’
88 00

° ’
87 00

° '
86 00

° ’
85 00
16 II . FO U R PL A CE TRI GONOM ETRI C
-

F UNCTI ONS .

° ’ ° ’
5 00 85 00

° ’ ° '
6 00 84 00

° ’ ° '
7 00 83 00

' '
8 °
00 82 °
00

° ’ ° '
9 00 81 00

' ° '
°
10 00 80 00

° ' ° '
11 00 79 00

° ' ° '
12 00 78 00

° ' ° ’
13 00 77 00

’ ° '
14 °
00 76 00

’ '
°
15 °
00 75 00
18 II . FO U R PL A CE TRI GO N O M ETRI C FU N CTI O N S
-
. .

° ’ '
25 00 65 °
00

'
26 °
00 64 ° '
00

° ’ ° '
27 00 63 00

° ' ° '
28 00 62 00

° ' ° ’
29 00 61 00

'
30 ° '
00 60 °
00

9346

° I
31 ° '
00 59 00

° I
32 ° '
00 58 00

'
33 ° '
00 57 °
00

'
34 ° '
00 56 °
00

16 5 6 9 7 16
16 29 968 7
9 65 7
15 7 5 9 6 28
’
35 ° '
00 55 °
00
 II . FO U R PLA CE TRI GO N O M ETRI C FU NCTI O N S
-

. 19

° ’
35 00

° ’
36 00

° ’
38 00

° '
39 00

° ’
40 00

° '
41 00
 III . LOGAR I THM S OF N U M B ERS .

00 0000 04 3 4 08 6 8 1 3 01 17 3 4 21 6 6 25 9 8 3 029 34 6 1
4 75 1 5 18 1 5 6 09 6 03 8 64 6 6 6 8 94 7 74 8 8 1 74
8 6 00 9 026 94 5 1 98 7 6 * O3 OO *0
7 24 * 1 14 7 * 15 70 * 19 9 3 * 24 15
01 28 3 7 3 25 9 3 68 0 4 100 4 5 21 4 94 0 5 3 60 5 779 6 19 7 66 1 6
7 03 3 74 5 1 78 68 8 28 4 8 7 00 9 11 6 95 3 2 994 7 * 03 6 1 *
07 7 5

02 1 18 9 1 6 03 201 6 24 28 28 4 1 3 25 2 3 6 64 44 86 4 896
5 3 06 65 3 3 73 5 0 7 75 7 8 16 4 8571 8 978
9384 9 78 9 * 01 9 5 * 06 00 * 1004 * 14 0
8 *18 12 * 2216 * 26 1 9 * 3 021

03 3 4 24 3 8 26 4 227 4 6 28 5 029 54 30 5830 6 23 0 6 6 29

74 26 7 8 25 8 223 8 6 20 9 01 7 9 4 14 98 11 * 0207 * 06 02 *099 8

04 1 3 9 3 178 7 218 2 29 6 9 3 3 62 3 75 5 4 54 0 4 93 2

5 3 23 5 7 14 6 105 68 8 5 7 6 64 8 44 2
9 218 9 6 06 *
O3 8 0 * 07 6 6 * 1 15 3 * 15 3 8 I "I 9 24 * 26 9 4

05 3 07 8 3 84 6 4 6 13 4 996 5 3 78 6 14 2 6 5 24
6 9 05 7 28 6 766 6 8 04 6 8 4 26 8 8 05 9 18 5 95 63 994 2 * 03 20

06 06 9 8 1 07 5 14 5 2 1 8 29 2206 29 5 8 3 7 09 4 08 3
44 5 8 48 3 2 5 58 0 6 3 26 6 69 9 74 4 3
*0
8 18 6 8 9 28 9 29 8 03 8 * 04 07 * 07 7 6 * 1 14 5 * 15 14
07 1 8 8 2 225 0 26 1 7 29 8 5 335 2 4 08 5 4 8 16 5 18 2

5547 6 27 6 664 0 7 004 73 6 8 7 73 1 8 09 4 845 7 8 8 19

07 9 1 8 1 95 4 3 9 9 04 * 026 6 * 06 26 * 09 8 7 * 13 4 7 *l 7 o7 * 206 7 * 24 26
08 27 8 5 3 14 4 3 5 03 4 219 4 5 76 4 93 4 5 29 1 5 64 7 6 004
63 60 6 7 16 7 4 26 7 78 1 8 13 6 84 90 8 84 5 9 19 8 95 5 2
9 9 05 * 09 6 3 * 16 6 7 * 2018 I "23 7 0 I "27 21 * 3 07 1

09 3 4 22 3 772 4 1 22 4471 5 16 9 5 5 18 5 8 66 6 21 5 65 62

6 9 10 7 25 7 79 5 1 8 29 8 8 64 4 8 99 0 933 5 96 8 1 * 0026

1 0 03 7 1 1 05 9 14 03 1 74 7 209 1 3 4 62

4 14 6 44 8 7 4 8 28 5 16 9 585 1 6 19 1 65 3 1 68 7 1
75 4 9 78 8 8 8 227 8 5 65 8 9 03 9 24 1 9 5 79 9 9 16 * 025 3

1 1 05 9 0 09 26 1 26 3 15 9 9 i 9 s4 227 0 26 05 29 4 0 3 6 09

11 3 94 3 4 27 7 4611 4 94 4 527 8 5 6 11 5 943 6 27 6 6 6 08 6 94 0

7 27 1 8 26 5 95 8 6

1 2 05 7 4 15 6 0 18 8 8 221 6 25 4 4 28 7 1 3 1 98

3852 4 178 4 5 04 48 30 5 48 1 5 8 06 6 13 1 64 5 6 6 78 1

9 69 0 * 001 2
7 1 05 74 29 77 5 3 8 07 6 8 7 22 9 04 5

1 3 03 3 4 06 5 5 09 7 7 1 29 8 16 1 9 19 3 9 226 0 29 00 3 219

3858 4 177 4496 545 1 5 76 9 6 08 6

73 5 4 798 7 8 3 03 8 6 18 9 24 9 95 64
* 01 9 4 * 05 08 * 1 13 6 * 14 5 "
0 17 6 3
I * 207 6 * 23 8 9 * 27 0
2
1 4 3 015 3 3 27 3 95 1 4 26 3 4 5 74 4885 5 196 5 5 07 5 8 18

14 6 1 28 64 3 8 6 74 8 76 7 6 8 6 03 8 9 11
98 3 5 * 014 2 * 04 4 9 * 07 5 6 * 106 3 l l‘
l 3 70 * 16 7 6 *198 2
9 219
1 5 228 8 25 9 4 29 00 3 5 10 4 1 20 4 4 24 4 7 28 5 03 2

5336 5 64 0 6 24 6 65 4 9 7 15 4 775 9 8 06 1
* 07 6 9 * 1 06 8
8 664 9 26 6 95 67 98 68 * 01 6 8 *
04 6 9
“
1 6 13 68 16 6 7 19 6 7 25 64 3 16 1 34 60

4 65 0 4 94 7 5 24 4 5 54 1 6 13 4 6 7 26 7 022

7 3 17 76 13 7 9 08 8497 8 79 2 9 08 6 93 8 0 9 6 74 9 9 68

1 7 026 2 05 5 5 08 4 8 1 14 1 1 7 26 2019 23 1 1 26 03 28 9 5

3 4 78 3 769 4 06 0 4 64 1 493 2 5 8 02
 '

111 . LOGA RIT H M S OF N U M B E RS .

63 8 1 66 70 6 95 9 7 24 8 7 8 25 8 1 13 8 68 9

95 5 2 98 3 9 * 01 26 * 04 13 * 06 9 9 * 09 8 6 I "I 27 2 * 15 5 8
24 15 27 00 29 8 5 3839
‘

5 25 9 5 54 2 5 8 25 6 108 6 67 4 69 5 6 7 23 9
8 08 4 8 64 7 8 9 28 9 209 94 9 0 9 77 1

08 9 2 1 17 1 14 5 1 201 0 28 4 6
3 68 1 3 95 9 4 5 14 5 06 9 5 3 46 5 6 23

6 7 29 7 005 7 28 1 75 5 6 78 3 2 8 1 07
* 05 7 7 *0 * 1 124
9 206 94 8 1 9 75 5 *0029 * 03 03 850
19 4 3 221 6 24 8 8 27 6 1 3 03 3 3 3 05 3 5 77 384 8

4 663 4 93 4 5 74 6 6 01 6 65 5 6
73 6 5 76 3 4 7 9 04 8 17 3 8 44 1 8 7 10 8 9 79 9 24 7
* 005 1 * 03 * 05 8 6 * 08 5 3 * 1 1 21 ‘ 13 8 8 *
16 5 4 * 1 9 21
19
27 20 29 8 6 3 25 2 3 5 18 3 78 3 4 04 9 4 3 14 4 5 79

5 3 73 5 9 02 6 16 6 64 3 0 695 7 7 221

8 010 8 536 8 79 8 9 06 0 95 8 5 984 6

06 3 1 08 9 2 1 15 3 14 14 1 6 75 193 6 219 6 24 5 6
3 23 6 3 496 3 75 5 4 015 4 274 4533 4 79 2 5 05 1
5 8 26 6 08 4 63 4 2 6 6 00 68 5 8 7 1 15 73 7 2 76 3 0
‘ 01 9 3
8 4 00 8 65 7 8 9 13 9 170 9 4 26 9 68 2 9938

09 6 0 1 215 14 7 0 1 7 24 19 79 223 4 24 8 8 27 4 2
3 5 04 3 75 7 4 01 1 4 264 4 5 17 4 7 70 5 023 5 27 6
6 03 3 6 28 5 65 3 7 6 78 9 7 04 1 7 29 2 75 4 4 77 9 5
8 54 8 8 79 9 9 04 9 9 29 9 95 5 0 9 8 00 *005 0 * 03 00

1 04 8 1 29 7 15 4 6 1 795 204 4 229 3 25 4 1 27 9 0

35 34 3 78 2 4 03 0 4 27 7 4 5 25 4 7 72 5 01 9 5 26 6

6 006 6 25 2 6 4 99 6 74 5 69 9 1 7 23 7 74 8 2 7 7 28
9 68 7 * 01 7 6
8 4 64 8 709 8 95 4 9 19 8 94 4 3 993 2
09 08 1 15 1 13 9 5 1 63 8 18 8 1 21 25 23 6 8 26 1 0

3 3 38 3580 3 8 22 4 06 4 4 3 06 4548 4 79 0 5 03 1

5 75 5 5 996 623 7 64 7 7 6 7 18 6 95 8 7 19 8 74 3 9
8 15 8 8 3 98 8 63 7 8 8 77 9 116 93 5 5 9 5 94 98 3 3

05 4 8 07 8 7 1 025 1 26 3 15 01 173 9 19 7 6 2214

29 25 3 1 62 3 3 99 3 63 6 3 8 73 4 109 4 34 6 45 8 2
5 29 0 5 5 25 5 76 1 5 996 6 23 2 64 6 7 6 7 02 69 3 7

7 64 1 7 8 75 8 1 10 8 344 8 5 78 8 8 12 9 04 6 9 27 9
998 0 7 021 3 * 04 4 6 . * 06 7 9 * 09 1 2 * 1 14 4 I "13 77 * 16 09

23 06 25 3 8 27 7 0 3 001 3 23 3 3 4 64 3 69 6 3 9 27

4 620 48 50 5 08 1 5 3 11 5 54 2 5 77 2 6 002 6 23 2
6 9 21 7 15 1 73 8 0 7 6 09 78 3 8 8 06 7 8 29 6 8 5 25

9 21 1 94 3 9 966 7 9895 7 01 23 * 03 5 * 05 78 * 08 06
1
14 8 8 1 7 15 1 94 2 21 6 9 23 9 6 26 22 28 4 9 3 07 5
3 75 3 3 9 79 4 205 443 1 4 65 6 48 8 2 5 1 07 5332
6 007 6 23 2 64 5 6 668 1 6 9 05 7 13 0 73 5 4 75 78
8 24 9 8 4 73 8 9 20
'

8 69 6 9 14 3 93 66 958 9 98 12

04 8 0 07 02 09 25 1 14 7 13 6 9 15 9 1 1 8 13 203 4
26 9 9 29 20 3 14 1 3 3 63 3 5 84 3 8 04 ,
4 025 4 24 6
4 9 07 5 1 27 5 34 7 5 567 5 78 7 6 007 6 226 64 4 6
7 1 04 7 3 23 -

75 4 2 7 76 1 7 9 79 8 19 8 8 4 16 8 635
9 28 9 9 5 07 9 7 25 9 94 3 * 01 6 * 03 7 8 * 05 9 5 * 08
1 13
£12 III . L OG A R I THM ZS OF N UM B E RS .

3 0 103 0 1 24 7 14 64 1 68 1 1 8 98 21 14 23 3 1 25 4 7 27 64 29 8 0
3 19 6 3 4 12 3 6 28 3 844 405 9 44 9 1 4 7 06 4 9 21 5 13 6
535 1 5 566 5 78 1 5 99 6 6 21 1 6 4 25 663 9 68 5 4 7 06 8 7 28 2
74 96 7 7 10 7 9 24 8 13 7 835 1 8 5 64 8 778 8 99 1 9 204 94 1 7
9 63 0 98 4 3 I "
OO5 G *026 8 *04 8 1 *06 9 3 * 09 06 * 11 1 8 *
13 3 0 * 15 4 2

3 1 1 75 4 1 9 66 21 7 7 23 8 9 26 00 28 12 3 023 3 234 3 445 3 65 6

3 8 67 4 078 4 28 9 4 4 99 4 7 10 4 9 20 5 13 0 5 55 1 5 760

5 9 70 6 18 0 63 90 65 99 6 8 09 7018 7 227 74 3 6 7 64 6 78 5 4
8 06 3 8 27 2 848 1 8 68 9 8 8 98 9 1 06 9 3 14 9 5 22 9 73 0 9 93 8

3 2 014 6 03 5 4 05 6 2 07 6 9 097 7 11 8 4 13 9 1 15 9 8 18 05 201 2

3 2 2219 24 26 26 3 3 28 3 9 3 25 2 345 8 3 6 65 4 07 7

4 28 2 44 8 8 4 69 4 5 1 05 5 3 10 5 5 16 5 7 21 5 9 26 6 13 1
633 6 65 4 1 6 74 5 695 0 7 15 5 73 5 9 75 6 3 7767 79 7 2 8 17 6
838 0 8583 8 78 7 9 3 98 96 01 9 8 05 * 0008 * 021 1
8 99 1 9 19 4
3 3 04 14 06 1 7 08 19 1 022 1 225 1 4 27 16 3 0 18 3 2 203 4 223 6

24 3 8 26 4 0 28 4 2 3 04 4 3 24 6 344 7 3 64 9 4 05 1
44 5 4 4 65 5 4856 5 05 7 5 25 7 5458 5 65 8 5 859 6 05 9 6 26 0
64 6 0 6 6 60 68 6 0 7 06 0 7 26 0 74 5 9 765 9 78 5 8 8 05 8 8 25 7
84 56 8 65 6 9 05 4 9 25 3 9 65 0 984 9 I "OO4 7 ‘ 024 6

3 4 04 44 064 2 08 4 1 1 03 9 14 3 5 18 3 0 2028 2225

3 4 24 23 26 20 28 17 3 014 3 21 2 3 4 09 3 6 06 3 8 02 3 9 99 4 19 6
43 92 4 78 5 498 1 5 1 78 5 3 74 5 5 70 5 766 5 96 2 6 15 7
63 5 3 6 74 4 69 3 9 73 3 0 7 7 20 79 15 8 1 10
8 5 00 8 69 4 8889 9 08 3 9 278 94 72 9 66 6 9 8 60 * 005 4

3 5 024 8 04 4 2 063 6 08 29 1 023 1 21 6 14 1 0 1 6 03 1 79 6 19 8 9

218 3 23 7 5 25 6 8 27 6 1 29 5 4 3 14 7 3339 3 53 2 3 7 24 3 9 16
4 108 4 3 01 4 4 93 4 68 5 4 8 76 5 06 8 5 26 0 5452 5 64 3 5 8 34
6 026 6 21 7 6 4 08 65 9 9 679 0 698 1 7 172 75 5 4 7 74 4
793 5 8 1 25 8 5 06 8 69 6 8886 9 07 6 9 26 6 94 5 6 9 64 6
98 3 5 ‘ 0025 * 0215 * 04 04 * 05 9 3 * 07 8 3 * 09 7 2 * 1 16 1 * 13 5 0

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9 21 6 9 95 8 13 3

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4 74 8 4 93 2 5 1 15 5 29 8 548 1 5 8 46 6 029 6 21 2 6 3 94
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3 8 15 3 9 95 4 1 74 435 3 4 533 4 712 4891 5 07 0 5 24 9 5 4 28
5 6 06 5 78 5 5 9 64 6 14 2 6 3 21 64 9 9 66 77 68 5 6
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4452 4 6 27 4 9 77 5 15 2 5 3 26 5 5 01 5 6 76 6 025
6 19 9 65 4 8 6 7 22 68 96 7 07 1 7 24 5
 II I . L OG A R I TH M S OF N U M B E RS . 23

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9 6 74 9 84 7 ‘ 0020 * 019 2 * 03 65 * 05 3 8 * 07 1 1 ‘ 08 8 3 ‘ 1 05 6 * 1 228

4 0 14 01 1 5 73 1 74 5 19 17 208 9 226 1 24 3 3 26 05 27 7 7 29 4 9
3 1 21 3 29 2 34 6 4 3 635 3 8 07 3 9 78 4 14 9 4 3 20 44 92 4 663
48 34 5 005 5 17 6 5 5 17 5 68 8 5858 6 029 6 19 9 63 70

6 5 40 6 7 10 68 8 1 7 05 1 7 221 73 9 1 75 6 1 77 3 1 7 9 01 8 07 0
8 24 0 8 4 10 8 5 79 8 74 9 8 9 18 9 08 7 9 25 7 94 26 95 9 5 9 7 64
9 93 3 * 0102 *027 1 * 04 4 0 * 06 09 * 07 7 7 * 09 4 6 * 1 1 14 * 1 28 3 * 14 5 1
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3 3 00 34 67 3 63 5 3 8 03 3 9 70 4 13 7 4 3 05 44 72 4 63 9 4 8 06

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6 64 1 6 8 07 69 7 3 7 13 9 7 3 06 74 7 2 7 63 8 7 8 04 79 7 0 8 13 5
8 3 01 8 4 67 8 63 3 8 79 8 8 9 64 9 1 29 9 29 5 94 60 9 6 25 9 79 1
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65 1 1 68 3 6 6 999 7 16 1 7 3 24 74 8 6 76 4 8 78 1 1 79 7 3
8 13 5 8 29 7 845 9 8 6 21 8 78 3 8 94 4 9 106 9 26 8 94 29 95 9 1
9 75 2 9 9 14 * 007 5 * 023 6 * 03 9 8 * 05 5 9 * 07 20 * 0 88 1 * 1 04 2 * 1 203

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4 5 69 4 7 29 48 8 8 5 04 8 5 207 5 5 26 5 68 5 5 844 6 004
6 16 3 6 3 22 64 8 1 6 64 0 6 799 6 95 7 7 1 16 7 27 5 75 9 2
775 1 7 9 09 8 06 7 8 226 8 542 8 7 01 8 8 59 9 01 7 9 175

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4 04 5 4 201 435 7 4 5 13 4 669 4 8 25 4 98 1 5 29 3 5 44 9
5 6 04 5 760 5 9 15 6 07 1 63 8 2 653 7 6 69 2 684 8 7 003

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8 7 06 8861 9 170 94 78 9633 9 94 1 * 009 5

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1 78 6 19 4 0 209 3 224 7 24 00 25 5 3 27 06 28 5 9 3 165
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93 9 2 95 4 3 9 694 984 5 * 014 6 * 029 6 * 04 4 7 * 07 4 8

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28 8 2 3 009 3 13 6 3 264 3391 3 5 18 3 64 5 3 77 2 38 99
4 15 3 4 28 0 44 07 45 34 4 66 1 4 78 7 4 9 14 5 04 1 5 16 7
5 4 21 5 54 7 5 6 74 5 8 00 5 9 27 6 05 3 6 18 0 6 3 06 64 3 2
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29 5 0 3 074 3 19 9 3 3 23 3 447 357 1 3 696 3 8 20 3 94 4

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III . LOGARIT H M S OF N U M B E RS .

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3 794 3 9 02 4 01 0 4 11 8

444 2 4 7 66 4 8 74 4 98 2 5 08 9 5 19 7

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4 3 70 45 8 1 4 68 6 4 79 2
5 4 24 5 5 29 5 634 5 74 0 5845

64 7 6 65 8 1 668 6 6 79 0 68 9 5
7 5 25 7 6 29 7734 78 3 9 7 94 3

8571 8 676 8 78 0 8884 8 98 9

9 6 15 9 7 19 9 8 24 9 9 28

06 5 6 07 6 0 08 64 09 6 8 1 07 2
16 9 5 1 79 9 19 03 2007 21 10
27 3 2 28 3 5 29 3 9 3 04 2 3 14 6

3 76 6 3 8 69 3 9 73 4 07 6 4 1 79
4 79 8 4 9 01 5 004 5 1 07 5 21 0
5 8 27 5 9 29 6 03 2 6 13 5 6 23 8

68 5 3 695 6 7 05 8 7 16 1 7 26 3
7 8 78 79 8 0 8 08 2 8 18 5 8 28 7

8 9 00 9 002 9 1 04 9 206 9 3 08
9 9 19 *0021 *0123 * 0224 * 03 26

09 3 6 1 03 8 1 13 9 1 24 1 13 4 2
19 5 1 205 2 215 3 225 5 23 5 6
29 6 3 3 064 3 16 5 3 26 6 3 3 67

3 9 73 4 07 4 4 17 5 4 27 6 4 3 76

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5 98 6 6 08 7 6 18 7 6 28 7 63 8 8
698 9 708 9 7 18 9 7 29 0 73 9 0
79 90 8 09 0 8 190 8 29 0 8 389

8 98 8 9 08 8 9 18 8 9 28 7 938 7
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19 7 0 2069 21 6 8 226 7 23 6 6
29 5 9 3 05 8 3 15 6 3 25 5 3354

3 94 6 4 04 4 4 14 3 4 24 2 4 34 0

4 93 1 5 029 5 1 27 5 226 5 3 24
5 913 6 01 1 6 1 10 6 208 6 3 06

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78 7 2 79 69 8 06 7 8 16 5 8 26 2

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9 8 21 9 9 19 *001 6 * 01 13 * 021 0

07 9 3 08 9 0 09 8 7 1 08 4 1 18 1
176 2 18 5 9 19 5 6 205 3 215 0
27 3 0 28 26 29 23 3 01 9 3 1 16
 II I . L OG AB I TI I M S OF N U M BE RS . 27

6 5 3 21 3 3 3 09 3 4 05 3 5 02 3 5 98 3 6 95 3 79 1 388 8 3 984 4 08 0

4 17 7 4 27 3 4 3 69 4 4 65 4 5 62 4 65 8 4 75 4 485 0 4 94 6 5 04 2
5 13 8 5 23 5 533 1 5 4 27 5 5 23 5 6 19 5 7 15 5 8 10 5 9 06 6 002
6 09 8 6 1 94 6 29 0 63 8 6 64 8 2 65 7 7 6 6 73 6 7 69 68 64 6 9 60

7 05 6 7 15 2 7 24 7 7 34 3 74 3 8 75 3 4 7 6 29 7 7 25 7 8 20 7 9 16

8 01 1 8 1 07 8 202 8 29 8 8 3 93 848 8 8584 8 679 8 7 74 8 8 70

8 96 5 9 06 0 9 15 5 9 25 0 934 6 94 4 1 95 36 96 3 1 9 7 26 9 8 21
9 9 16 *001 1 * 0106 *0201 * 029 6 *03 9 1 * 04 8 6 *05 8 1 * 06 7 6 * 07 7 1

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18 1 3 1 9 07 2002 209 6 21 9 1 228 6 23 8 0 24 7 5 25 69 26 6 3

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3 7 01 3 795 3889 398 3 4 07 8 4 17 2 4 266 4 3 60 44 54 4 54 8

4 64 2 4 73 6 4 9 24 5 018 5 1 12 5 206 5 29 9 5 3 93 54 8 7
5 8 62 5 95 6 6 05 0 6 14 3 6 23 7 63 3 1 64 24
6 5 18 6 7 05 6 799 68 9 2 69 8 6 7 07 9 7173 7 26 6 73 6 0

74 5 3 75 4 6 7 64 0 773 3 78 26 7 9 20 8 013 8 1 06 8 19 9 8 29 3
8 386 8 665 8 75 9 8852 8 94 5 9 03 8 9 13 1 9 224
9 3 17 94 1 0 95 9 6 9 68 9 9 78 2 9 8 75 996 7 ‘ 006 0 2015 3

6 7 024 6 04 3 1 05 24 06 17 07 1 0 08 02 08 9 5 09 8 8 1 08 0
11 7 3 1 26 5 15 4 3 16 3 6 1 7 28 1 8 21 1 9 13 2005

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3 021 3 205 3 29 7 3 3 90 348 2 3 5 74 3 666 3 75 8 385 0

3 94 2 4 03 4 4 218 4 3 10 4 4 02 4 4 94 4 586 4 677 4 76 9

4 861 4 95 3 5 228 5 3 20 5 4 12 5 5 03 5 5 95 5 68 7

5 778 5 8 70 5 96 2 6 14 5 6 23 6 6 3 28 6 4 19 65 11 6 6 02

66 94 6 78 5 68 76 696 8 7 05 9 7 15 1 7 24 2 73 3 3 74 24 75 16
7 6 07 769 8 78 8 1 79 7 2 8 06 3 8 15 4 8 24 5 8 336 8 4 27
8 5 18 8 6 09 8 7 00 8 79 1 888 2 8 9 73 9 06 4 9 15 5 9 24 6 93 3 7
9 6 10 9 7 00 9 79 1 98 8 2 99 73 * 006 3 * 015 4 *024 5

6 8 03 3 6 05 1 7 06 07 06 9 8 07 8 9 08 7 9 09 7 0 1 06 0 1 15 1

6 8 124 1 13 3 2 1 6 03 16 9 3 1 78 4 18 7 4 1 9 64 205 5
214 5 23 26 . 24 16 25 06 25 9 6 26 8 6 27 7 7 28 6 7 29 5 7

3 04 7 3 13 7 3 227 3 4 07 3 497 3587 3 677 3 76 7 38 5 7

3 94 7 4 03 7 4 1 27 4 21 7 4 3 07 4 396 44 8 6 4 5 76 4 666 4 75 6

484 5 5 025 5 114 5 204 5 29 4 5 88 3 5 4 73 5 5 63 5 65 2

5 74 2 583 1 6 010 6 1 00 6 18 9 6 27 9 63 68 64 5 8 65 4 7
66 3 6 6 7 26 6 9 04 6 9 94 7 08 3 7 17 2 7 26 1 73 5 1 74 4 0
75 29 7 6 18 7 7 07 7 796 78 8 6 79 75 8 064 8 15 3 8 24 2 8 33 1
8 4 20 8 5 98 8 68 7 8 7 76 88 65 8 953 9 04 2 9 13 1 9 220
9 5 75 9 75 3 9930 * 0019 ‘ 01 07
9 3 09 948 6 9 6 64 98 4 1

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1 7 00 1 78 9 18 7 7

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28 4 7 29 3 5 3 023 3 11 1 3 19 9 3 28 7 3 3 75 3 4 63 355 1 3 63 9

3 7 27 3 8 15 3 9 03 3 99 1 4 07 8 4 16 6 4 25 4 4 34 2 4430 4 5 17

4 6 05 4 693 4 78 1 4 8 68 495 6 5 04 4 5 13 1 5 21 9 5 3 07 5 3 94

54 8 2 5 65 7 5 74 4 5 83 2 5 9 19 6 007 6 09 4 6 18 2 6 26 9
63 5 6 66 1 8 6 7 06 6 79 3 68 8 0 69 6 8 7 05 5 7 14 2
7 229 73 1 7 7 4 04 74 9 1 75 7 8 7 665 7 75 2 78 3 9 7 9 26 8 014
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 III . LOGARIT H M S OF N U M B E RS .

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24 3 1 25 1 7 26 03 26 8 9 28 6 1 29 4 7 3 03 3 3 1 19

3 29 1 3 3 77 3 4 63 3549 3 63 5 3 7 21 3 8 07 3893 3 9 79 4 06 5
4 15 1 4 23 6 4 3 22 4 4 08 4 4 94 4 5 79 4 6 65 4 75 1 4837 4 9 22
5 008 5 09 4 5 179 5 26 5 5350 5436 5 5 22 5 6 07 5 693 5 7 78
5 8 64 5 94 9 6 03 5 6 120 6 206 6 29 1 63 76 65 4 7 6 63 2
6 7 18 6 8 03 68 8 8 6 9 74 7 05 9 7 14 4 7 229 7 3 15 74 00 74 8 5

70 75 7 0 76 5 5 7 74 0 7 8 26 79 1 1 799 6 8 08 1 8 1 66 8 25 1 8336
8 5 06 859 1 8 67 6 8 76 1 8 84 6 8 93 1 9 01 5 9 1 00 9 18 5
9 27 0 9355 94 4 0 9 5 24 96 09 9 6 94 9 7 79 98 63 9 94 8 ‘ 003 3

7 1 01 17 0202 028 7 03 7 1 04 5 6 05 4 0 06 25 07 10 079 4 08 7 9

09 6 3 104 8 1 13 2 1 21 7 13 01 13 8 5 14 7 0 15 5 4 16 3 9 1 7 23

18 07 18 9 2 19 7 6 206 0 214 4 2229 23 9 7 24 8 1

26 5 0 27 3 4 28 1 8 29 02 29 8 6 3 07 0 3 15 4 3 23 8 3 3 23 3 4 07

34 91 3 5 75 3 65 9 3 74 2 3 8 26 3 9 10 3 9 94 4 078 4 16 2
43 30 44 97 458 1 4 665 4 74 9 4 833 4 9 16 5 000 5 08 4
5 16 7 5 25 1 5 335 5 4 18 5 5 02 5586 5 66 9 5 75 3 5836 5 9 20

7 1 6 003 6 08 7 6 170 6 25 4 63 3 7 6 4 21 6 5 04 65 8 8 667 1 6 75 4

6 9 21 7 004 708 8 7 17 1 7 25 4 73 3 8 74 21 75 04 75 8 7
76 7 1 775 4 78 3 7 7 9 20 8 003 8 08 6 8 169 8 25 3 8336 8 4 19
8 5 02 8585 8 6 68 8 75 1 8 8 34 8 9 17 9 000 9 08 3 9 165 9 24 8
93 3 1 9 4 14 94 9 7 95 8 0 96 6 3 9 74 5 9 8 28 99 11 9 9 94 * 007 7

7 2 01 5 9 024 2 03 25 04 07 04 9 0 05 7 3 06 5 5 07 3 8 08 21 09 03
098 6 1 06 8 115 1 1 23 3 1 3 16 13 98 14 8 1 15 63 1 64 6 1 7 28
18 1 1 18 93 1 9 75 205 8 214 0 2222 23 05 23 8 7 24 6 9 25 5 2
26 3 4 27 1 6 279 8 28 8 1 29 6 3 3 04 5 3 1 27 3 209 3 29 1 3 3 74
34 5 6 35 38 3 6 20 3 7 02 3 78 4 3 8 66 3 94 8 4 03 0 4 1 12 4 19 4

7 2 4 27 6 43 58 4 44 0 4 5 22 4 6 04 4 68 5 4 76 7 4849 4 93 1 5 01 3
5 09 5 5 17 6 5 25 8 5 3 40 5 4 22 5 5 03 5585 5 66 7 5 74 8 5830
5 9 12 5 99 3 6 07 5 6 15 6 6 23 8 6 3 20 64 01 64 8 3 6 5 64 6 64 6
6 7 27 6 8 09 68 90 69 7 2 7 05 3 7 13 4 7 216 7 29 7 73 79 74 6 0
75 4 1 7 6 23 7 7 04 778 5 78 6 6 79 4 8 8 029 8 1 10 8 19 1 8 27 3

8 354 843 5 8 5 16 8 597 8 6 78 8 75 9 884 1 8 9 22 9 003 9 08 4

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3 9 99 4 07 9 4 16 0 4 24 0 4 3 20 4 4 00 448 0 4 5 60 4 64 0 4 7 20

4 8 00 4880 4 9 60 5 04 0 5 1 20 5 200 5 27 9 5 35 9 5439 5 5 19

5 599 5 6 79 5 75 9 5 8 38 5 9 18 5 998 6 07 8 6 15 7 6 23 7 63 17

63 9 7 64 7 6 65 5 6 66 3 5 6 7 15 6 79 5 6 8 74 695 4 7 03 4 7 113
7 19 3 7 27 2 73 5 2 74 3 1 75 1 1 75 9 0 7 6 70 774 9 7 8 29 7 9 08
79 8 7 8 06 7 8 14 6 8 225 8 3 05 8 384 8 4 63 8543 8 6 22 8 7 01
8 78 1 8 8 60 8 93 9 9 018 9 09 7 9 17 7 9 25 6 93 3 5 9 4 14 94 9 3
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 III . L OGAR I TH M S O F N U M BE RS . 29

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15 4 6 16 24 1 703 1 78 2 18 6 0
23 3 2 24 1 1 24 8 9 25 68 26 4 7
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8 26 8 8 34 2 8 4 16 8 4 90 8 5 64
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9 74 6 9 8 20 9 8 94 99 68 * 0042
04 8 4 05 5 7 06 3 1 07 05 07 7 8

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844 1 8 5 13 8 65 8 8 73 0 8 8 02
9 23 6 9 3 08 938 0 94 5 2 9 5 24
99 5 7 * 0029 * 01 01 *01 7 3 * 024 5

06 7 7 074 9 08 21 08 9 3 09 6 5
13 9 6 14 6 8 154 0 16 12 1 68 4

21 14 218 6 225 8 23 29 24 01
28 3 1 29 02 29 74 3 04 6 3 117

3546 3 76 1 38 3 2

4 26 1 4332 4 4 03 4 4 75 4 54 6

4 9 74 5 04 5 5 116 5 18 7 5 25 9

5 543 5 68 6 5 75 7 5 8 99 5 9 70
63 9 6 64 6 7 65 3 8 6 6 09 66 8 0
7 1 77 7 24 8 7 3 19 73 9 0
78 15 78 8 5 795 6 8 027 8 09 8
8593 8 6 63 8 73 4 8 8 04

9228 9 299 93 69 9 5 10
* 0004 * 007 4 *014 4 * 021 5

07 07 07 7 8 08 4 8 09 1 8
134 0 14 10 14 8 0 15 5 0
204 1 21 1 1 225 2 23 22

274 2 28 12 28 8 2 295 2 3 022

344 1 3 58 1 3 65 1

4 13 9 4 209 4 27 9 4 34 9 44 18
4836 4 9 06 4 9 76 5 04 5 5 1 15

553 2 5 6 02 5 672 5 74 1 58 11

6 227 6 29 7 63 66 64 3 6 65 05
6 9 21 6 9 90 7 06 0 7 1 29 7 19 8
7 6 14 768 3 7 75 2 7 8 21 78 90
8 3 05 8 3 74 8 5 13

8 99 6 9 134 9 203

9 68 5 975 4 98 9 2 996 1
04 4 2 05 1 1 06 4 8
1 06 1 1 1 29 1 19 8 1 26 6 13 3 5
1 74 7 1 8 15 18 84 195 2 2021
24 3 2 25 00 25 68 26 3 7 27 05

3 116 3 18 4 3 3 21 3389
3 79 8 3 8 67 4 07 1
4 48 0 4548 4 6 16 4 685 4 75 3
5 16 1 5 229 5 29 7
5 84 1 5 9 08

6 5 19 65 8 7
7 26 4
78 73 7 94 1 8 008 8 07 6 8 14 3

8549 8 6 16 8 68 4 8 75 1 8 8 18
9 223 9 29 0 93 5 8 9 4 25 94 9 2

98 96 99 64 * 003 * 009 8
1
07 7 0 08 3 7
1 24 0 14 4 1 1 5 08
19 10 19 77 204 4 21 1 1 21 7 8

25 79 26 4 6 27 8 0 28 4 7
I II LOGARIT H M S OF N U M BE RS
)

f
. . P

'

3 24 7 3 3 14 338 1 3 44 8 3 5 14
3 9 14 3 98 1 4 04 8 4 1 14 4 18 1
458 1 4 64 7 4 7 14 4 78 0 4847
5 24 6 5 3 12 5 3 78 5 44 5 55 11
5 9 10 5 976 6 04 2 6 109 6 17 5

65 73 66 3 9 6 7 05 6771 68 3 8
7 23 5 7 3 01 73 6 7 74 3 3 74 9 9
7 8 96 7962 8 028 8 094 8 16 0
8556 8 6 22 8 688 8 754 8 8 20
9 215 9 28 1 9 34 6 94 12 9 4 78

98 73 99 3 9 I "0004 * 007 0 * 013 6

05 3 0 05 9 5 06 6 1 07 27 07 9 2
1 18 6 1 25 1 13 17 13 8 2 14 4 8
18 4 1 1 9 06 19 7 2 203 7 21 03
24 9 5 25 6 0 26 26 26 9 1 27 5 6

3 14 8 3 21 3 3 27 9 3 344 3 4 09
3 8 00 3 8 65 3 93 0 3 996 4 06 1
44 5 1 4 5 16 458 1 4 64 6 4711
5 1 01 5 16 6 5 23 1 5 29 6 5361
5 75 1 5 8 15 5880 5 94 5 6 010

63 99 6 4 64 6 5 28 65 93 6 65 8
7 04 6 71 11 7 17 5 7 24 0 7 3 05
7 69 2 77 5 7 7 8 21 78 8 6 79 5 1
8 338 8 4 02 84 67 853 1 8 5 95

898 2 9 04 6 9111 9 17 5 9 23 9

9 6 25 9 690 9 75 4 9 8 18 988 2
* 026 8 * 03 3 2 ‘ 03 9 6 *04 6 0 * 05 25
09 09 09 7 3 103 7 1 1 02 1 166
15 5 0 16 78 1 74 2 18 06
1
16 4
218 9 225 3 23 1 7 23 8 1 24 4 5

28 28 28 9 2 29 5 6 3 020 3 08 3

3 4 66 35 30 3 5 93 3 65 7 3 7 21
4 1 03 4 166 4 23 0 4 29 4 43 5 7

4 73 9 4 8 02 4 8 66 4 9 29 4 993

5 3 73 5437 5 5 00 5 5 64 5 6 27

6 007 6 07 1 6 13 4 6 19 7 6 26 1
6 64 1 6 7 04 6 767 68 3 0 68 94
7 27 3 73 3 6 73 99 74 6 2 7 5 25
7 9 04 79 6 7 8 03 0 8 09 3 8 15 6

8 5 34 8 5 97 8 6 60 8 7 23 8 78 6

9 16 4 9 227 9 28 9 93 5 2 9 4 15

9792 9855 9 9 18 9 98 1 *004 3

06 08 06 7 1
'

04 20 04 8 2 05 4 5
104 6 1 1 09 1 17 2 1 23 4 1 29 7

16 7 2 173 5 179 7 18 60 1 9 22

229 7 23 6 0 24 22 24 8 4 25 47
29 21 29 8 3 3 04 0 3 1 08 3 1 70

3544 3 6 06 3 6 69 3 73 1 3 79 3

4 16 6 4 229 4 29 1 435 3 4 4 15

4 78 8 4850 4 9 12 4 9 74 5 03 6
32 III . LOGARIT H M S OF NU M BE RS .

5 4 08 5 4 70 5532
6 028 6 09 0 6 15 1 6 21 3 6 27 5

6 64 6 6 7 08 6 7 70 68 3 2 6 8 94
7 264 73 26 74 4 9
78 8 1 7 94 3 8 004 8 066 8 1 28

849 7 8 6 20 8 68 2 8 74 3
9 1 12 9 1 74 9 23 5 9 29 7 93 5 8

9 7 26 978 8 984 9 9 9 11 9 972

04 01 04 6 2 05 24 05 8 5
09 5 2 1 014 1 07 5 1 13 6 1 19 7

1 5 64 1 6 25 16 8 6 174 7 18 09

21 7 5 223 6 229 7 23 5 8 24 1 9

27 8 5 28 4 6 29 07 29 6 8 3029
3 3 94 34 5 5 3 5 16 3 5 77 3 63 7

4 002 4 06 3 4 124 4 18 5 4 24 5

4 6 10 4 6 70 4 73 1 4 79 2 4852

5 21 6 5 27 7 5337 5 3 98 545 9

5 8 22 5882 5 94 3 6 003 6 064

6 4 27 64 8 7 65 4 8 6 6 08 6 6 68
7 03 1 7 09 1 7 15 2 7 21 2 7 27 2

7 63 4 76 9 4 775 5 7 8 15 7 8 75
8 23 6 8 29 7 835 7 8 4 17 8 4 77
°

8838 8 8 98 895 8 9 018 9 07 8

94 3 9 94 9 9 95 5 9 9 6 19 9 6 79
* 003 8 * 009 8 l "o15 8 *
0218 * 027 8

06 3 7 06 9 7 07 5 7 08 1 7 08 7 7
1 23 6 1 295 13 5 5 14 1 5 14 7 5
18 3 3 18 9 3 19 5 2 201 2 207 2

24 3 0 24 8 9 25 4 9 26 08 26 6 8

3 025 3 08 5 3 14 4 3 204 3 26 3

3 6 20 3 68 0 3 73 9 3 79 9 3 85 8

4 214 4 27 4 4333 4392 445 2

4 8 08 48 67 4 9 26 4 98 5 5 04 5

5 4 00 5459 5 5 19 5 5 78 5 637

5 99 2 6 05 1 6 1 10 6 16 9 6 228

65 8 3 6 64 2 6 7 01 6 760 6 8 19
7 17 3 7 23 2 7 29 1 73 5 0 7 4 09
7 76 2 7 8 21 78 8 0 79 3 9 79 9 8
8 4 09 8 5 27 8586

8938 8 99 7 9 05 6 9 1 14

9584 9 7 01 9 760
*0
11 1 *0
17 0 * 0228 * 028 7
069 6 07 5 5 08 1 3 08 7 2 09 3 0
1 28 1 13 3 9 13 9 8 14 5 6
18 6 5 19 23 19 8 1 204 0 209 8

24 4 8 25 6 4 26 22 26 8 1

3 14 6 3 204 3 26 2

36 11 3 669 3 7 27 3 8 44

3 9 60 4 19 2 4 3 08 4 3 66 4 4 24

4 77 2 4 8 30 48 88 4 94 5 5 003
34 III . L OG A R I TI I M S
—

OF N U M BE RS .

3 36 1
 II I . L O GA RIT H M S OF N U M B E RS .

94 7 0 9 5 21 95 72 9 6 23
99 8 1 * 008 3 * 013 4

04 9 1 05 4 2 05 9 2
1 000 105 1 1 1 02 1 15 3
1 5 09 1 6 10 16 6 1

201 7 206 8 21 18 21 6 9
25 24 25 7 5 2626 26 7 7
3 03 1 3 08 2 3 13 3 3 18 3
3 538 35 89 3 639 3 690
4 044 4 09 4 4 14 5 4 19 5

4549 4 5 99 4 65 0 4 7 00
5 05 4 5 104 5 15 4 5 205
5558 5 6 08 5 65 8 5 7 09
6 06 1 6 111 6 16 2 6 21 2
6 5 64 6 6 14 666 5 6 7 15

7 06 6 7 1 17 -

7 167 7 21 7
75 6 8 7 6 18 7 668 7 7 18
8 06 9 8 16 9 8 21 9
8 5 70 8 6 70 8 7 20
9 07 0 9 1 20 9 1 70 9 220

95 69 9 6 19 9669 9 7 19
0068 01 1 8 016 8 021 8
05 6 6 06 1 6 06 6 6 07 1 6
1 16 3 1 213
15 6 1 1 6 11 16 6 0 1 710

2107 215 7 2207

25 5 4 26 03 26 5 3 27 02
3 09 9 3 14 8 3 19 8
3 5 93 3 69 2

4 03 8 4 08 8 4 18 6

458 1 4 68 0
5 025 5 074 5 1 24 5 17 3

5 5 18 5 5 67 5 6 16 5 6 65
6 01 0 6 05 9 6 108 6 15 7
6 5 01 65 5 1

699 2 7 04 1 7 09 0 7 14 0
74 8 3 75 3 2 75 8 1 76 3 0
79 7 3 8 022 8 07 0 8 1 19
8 4 62 8 5 11 8 5 60 8 6 09
8 95 1 8 999 9 04 8 9 09 7

94 3 9 948 8 95 36 95 8 5
* 0024 * 007 3
9 9 26
04 14 04 62 05 11 05 6 0
09 00 09 4 9 09 9 7 104 6
13 8 6 14 3 5 14 8 3 15 3 2

18 7 2 1 9 20 19 6 9 201 7
23 5 6 24 05 24 5 3 25 02
28 4 1 28 8 9 29 3 8 29 8 6
3 3 25 3 3 73 3 4 21 3 4 70
3 8 08 3 85 6 3 9 05 3953
ENS II I . LOGARIT H M S OF N U M B E RS .

4 29 1 4 33 9 438 7 443 5 4532 4580 4 6 28 4 6 77

4 8 21 4 8 69 4 9 18 4 9 66 5 014 5 06 2 5 1 10 5 15 8
535 1 5 3 99 544 7 554 3 5592 5 64 0
5 73 6 5 78 4 5832 58 80 5 9 28 5 9 76 6 024 6 07 2 6 1 20
6 21 6 6 26 5 6 3 13 63 6 1 64 09 64 5 7 6 5 05 65 5 3 66 01

6 69 7 6 74 5 6 79 3 68 4 0 68 8 8 693 6 6 98 4 7 03 2 7 08 0
7 17 6 7 224 7 3 20 73 68 74 1 6 74 64 7 5 12 75 5 9
7 65 5 7 7 03 7 75 1 77 9 9 784 7 7 8 94 794 2 8 03 8
8 13 4 8 18 1 8 229 8 27 7 8 3 25 8 4 21 8 468 8 5 16
8 6 12 8 659 8 7 07 8 75 5 8 8 03 885 0 8 8 98 8 94 6 8 99 4

9 08 9 9 18 5 9 23 2 9 28 0 9 3 28 9 3 75 9 4 23 94 7 1
95 6 6 9 6 14 966 1 9 75 7 9 8 04 985 2 9 9 00 9 94 7
* 004 2 * 009 0 *01 3 8 * 023 3 * 028 0 * 03 28 * 03 7 6 * 04 23

05 1 8 05 6 6 06 13 06 6 1 07 09 07 5 6 08 04 08 5 1 08 9 9
09 94 1 04 1 1 08 9 1 18 4 1 23 1 1 27 9 13 26 1 3 74

14 6 9 15 16 15 6 3 16 11 16 5 8 1 7 06 175 3 1 8 01 18 4 8
1 94 3 19 9 0 203 8 208 5 21 8 0 2227 2275 23 22
24 1 7 24 6 4 25 1 1 25 5 9 26 06 26 5 3 27 01 274 8 27 9 5
28 9 0 29 3 7 29 8 5 3 03 2 3 079 3 1 26 3 1 74 3 221 3 26 8
3 3 63 3 4 10 345 7 3 5 04 355 2 3 5 99 3 64 6 3 693 3 74 1

3835 388 2 3 9 29 3 9 77 4 024 4 07 1 4 1 18 4 16 5 4 21 2

4 3 07 4354 4 4 01 444 8 4 4 95 4542 4 5 90 4 63 7 4 68 4
4 7 78 4 8 25 4 8 72 4 9 19 4 9 66 5 01 3 5 06 1 5 108 5 15 5
5 24 9 5 29 6 5343 5 3 90 543 7 5484 55 3 1 5 5 78 5 6 25
5 7 19 5 766 5 8 13 5 8 60 5 9 07 5 954 6 001 6 04 8 6 09 5

6 18 9 6 23 6 6 28 3 6 3 29 63 76 64 23 6 4 70 65 1 7 65 64
665 8 6 7 05 6 75 2 6 79 9 68 4 5 68 9 2 693 9 698 6 7 03 3
7 1 27 7 1 73 7 220 7 26 7 7 3 14 73 6 1 74 08 74 5 4 7 5 01
7 5 95 7 64 2 768 8 7 73 5 7 78 2 7 8 29 78 75 7 9 22 79 6 9
8 06 2 8 1 09 8 15 6 8 203 8 24 9 8 29 6 8 343 8 390 8436

8530 8 5 76 8 6 23 8 670 8 7 16 8 76 3 8 8 10 8856 8 9 03

8996 9 04 3 9 09 0 9 13 6 9 18 3 9 229 9 27 6 9 3 23 9 3 69
94 6 3 9 5 09 95 5 6 9 6 02 9 64 9 9695 9 742 9 78 9 9835
9 9 28 99 75 021
*0 * 0068 * 01 14 * 01 6 1 * 020
7 * 025 4 * 03 00

03 9 3 04 4 0 04 8 6 05 3 3 05 7 9 06 26 06 7 2 07 1 9 07 6 5

08 5 8 09 04 09 5 1 099 7 1 04 4 1 09 0 1 13 7 1 18 3 1 229
1 3 22 13 6 9 14 15 14 6 1 1 5 08 15 5 4 1 6 01 16 4 7 16 9 3
1 78 6 18 3 2 18 7 9 1 9 25 19 7 1 2018 206 4 21 1 0 21 5 7
224 9 229 5 23 4 2 23 8 8 24 3 4 24 8 1 25 27 25 7 3 26 19
27 1 2 27 5 8 28 04 28 5 1 28 9 7 29 4 3 29 8 9 3 08 2

3 1 74 3 220 3 26 6 3 3 13 3359 3 4 05 345 1 3497 3543

3 63 6 3 68 2 3 7 28 3 7 74 3 8 20 3 8 66 3 9 13 3 95 9 4 005

4 09 7 4 14 3 4 18 9 4 23 5 4 28 1 4 3 27 4 3 74 4 4 20 44 66

4558 4 6 04 4 65 0 4 6 96 4 74 2 4 78 8 4 8 34 48 80 4 9 26

5 01 8 5 06 4 5 1 10 5 202 5 24 8 5 294 5 34 0 5 386

5 4 78 5 5 24 5 5 70 5 6 16 5 66 2 5 7 07 5 75 3 5 79 9 584 5
593 7 598 3 6 029 6 07 5 6 1 21 6 16 7 6 212 6 25 8 6 3 04

63 96 644 2 64 8 8 6 5 79 667 1 6 7 17 6 76 3

68 5 4 6 9 00 6 94 6 699 2 7 03 7 7 08 3 7 1 29 7 175 7 220

7 3 12 73 5 8 7 4 03 74 4 9 74 9 5 75 4 1 758 6 76 3 2 76 7 8
III :LOGARITH M S O F N UM B E RS .

795 2 79 9 8 8 04 3 °
8 08 9 8 13 5
8 4 09 8 4 54 8 5 00 8546 859 1
8 8 65 8 9 11 8 95 6 9 002 9 04 7
9 3 21 9 3 66 9 4 12 94 5 7 9 5 03
9 7 76 9 8 21 9867 9 9 12 995 8

023 1 0276 03 22 03 6 7 04 1 2
068 5 07 3 0 07 7 6 08 21 08 6 7
1 13 9 1 18 4 1 229 1 27 5 1 3 20

15 9 2 16 3 7 16 8 3 1 7 28 1773
204 5 209 0 213 5 218 1 2226

24 9 7 25 4 3 25 8 8 26 3 3 26 7 8

29 4 9 29 9 4 3 04 0 3 08 5 3 13 0
3 4 01 3 44 6 349 1 3536 358 1

385 2 3 8 97 3 94 2 398 7 4 03 2

4 3 02 4 34 7 4392 44 3 7 448 2
'

4 75 2 4 79 7 4842 4 88 7 4 93 2
5 202 5 24 7 5 29 2 5337 5382
5 65 1 5 69 6 5 74 1 5 78 6 5 8 30
6 100 6 14 4 6 18 9 6 23 4 6 27 9
6548 6 5 93 66 3 7 6 68 2 6 7 27

69 9 6 7 04 0 7 08 5 7 13 0 7 175
74 4 3 74 8 8 75 3 2 75 7 7 7 6 22
78 9 0 79 3 4 7 9 79 8 024 8 06 8
8 3 36 838 1 8 4 25 8 4 70 8 5 14
8 78 2 8 8 26 88 7 1 8 9 16 8 9 60

9 227 9 27 2 9 3 16 93 6 1 9 4 05
9 6 72 9 7 17 976 1 9 8 06 985 0
* 01 1 7 * 01 6 1 I "O2O6 "o25 0
l * 029 4

05 6 1 06 05 06 5 0 06 9 4 07 3 8
1 004 1 04 9 1 09 3 1 13 7 1 18 2

14 4 8 14 9 2 15 3 6 15 8 0 1 6 25
18 9 0 19 3 5 19 7 9 2023 206 7
23 3 3 23 7 7 24 21 24 6 5 25 09
277 4 28 1 9 28 6 3 29 07 29 5 1
3 216 3 26 0 3 3 04 3348 33 92

3 65 7 3 7 01 3 74 5 3 78 9 3833
4 09 7 4 14 1 4 18 5 4 229 4 27 3
4537 458 1 4 6 25 4 669 4 7 13
4 977 5 021 5 06 5 5 1 08 5 15 2
5 4 16 5460 5 5 04 5 54 7 5591

5854 5 8 98 5 94 2 598 6 6 03 0

6 29 3 63 3 7 63 8 0 6 4 24 64 68
6 73 1 6 7 74 6 8 18 68 6 2 6 9 06

7 16 8 7 21 2 7 25 5 7 29 9 734 3
7 6 05 7 64 8 76 9 2 77 3 6 77 79

8 04 1 8 08 5 8 129 8 172 8 21 6
8 4 77 8 5 21 8 5 64 8 6 08 8 65 2

8 9 13 8956 9 000 9 04 3 9 08 7
9348 93 9 2 94 3 5 94 7 9 9 5 22

978 3 9 8 26 9 8 70 9 9 13 995 7
38 IV . M AT H E M ATICAL CON STAN TS .

B ER NOULLI S N UM B ERS
'
LOGA R I TH MS
““m
. .

These num ers are b de fined by th q e e ua ti on l ogi c 2 108 , 0 log! 0 e 9 . 178 118 1m]?
e /(w r+ a w 1+ -
1
1 w’ /2 1 1 ( + ) +
2a b 3

a nd found, i n successi on. by t he fo rm ula

B u
=B
u -
C
9 u m/3 B’ I 1 t 77 1) M lo g " 6 . 48 429 448 19 0825 1 82765 11289 18 117
1/N = log, 10 799 14 5 468 1 -

2 . 16666 6667 87496

7185 8
6 . 0988095114 07096

26585 89798 28 846 M B $28 0

075 75 75 76
nut log : 98858 49400174 14 8 4278 5 1858
“
.

. 25 8 11 8 558 98 726 I Q 85 485 12m 8829 1

6667 73675 90827 78455
5 686 61172 07184 15204
1779 43668 285 405 1953
4242 95 18 1
28 19 078 19
86580 258 1 . ” 6264 m”
7 .

1425 5 26624 09172 21545

“
27298 ” I 1 . 88 827 92815 3 4796
60158 0874 . 5 188 1 7 48047

E ULE B S N UM B ERS
‘

. 1' 4' 1' 1' 1/1r "

1 V" V”
T h e se num ers b we de fine d by th qu e e a ti o n 1 . 7854 526 6 . . 3 168 . 1018 . 5642
2 6666 2026
— c’
/9 1 1+E ‘
1 . .

6 95 49 8040
a nd found , ln s u cce ss i on , by the form la u 4
. .

4058
“
.

Ei =C Bl v Cw B n— 4 + 9
w66
- ‘

u
'

u fl d i
.
5
t h en E , = 1, E ‘ =5 , E . = 61, E . = 18 8 5 , Eu r- M 521, 6
.

. 6079
E u = 27 02765 , E u = 190
8 6098 1, 99915 12145 .
7 . 7092
r r uu
-
m uox s —
Loo r p . 8 . 8 106
B ULB I
'
S 001761 11177 , 7 , 19 0168 9 80
- 000. 9 . 91 19

p 0 1 9 8 4 6 0 7 8 9
j 88509 055 16 02790 9m 4 7756 280 5
6 18 980 068 691 4 15 916 091
668 4 78 8 10 14 7 88 9 0
94 66 1 491 1 26585 $ 798 28346 $7” 67 15 4
2 44010W359 6 181§ 4 28 87 77144
170 1 0
86 616 459 9 78
0m22b 15644 36 199 4 89 18
-

98 1 10 8 665 029982017548
6 104 047 948 906 868 864 .

781 701 716 784 796

‘

791 796 78 1 74 1 4 97 4090

.9 103400248 7 28644 59 922 5468 4 $5 19

766 779 794 m 860 884 921 968 ' w8 ‘057 5 47852 8 145 8 2627 77666 48 053 885 47

167 99 1 997 869 606 688 606 760 6 96 13 89 19 85 753 0448 7 0802 01614 73295 SW
88 9 98 1 -097 0196 9 999 «4 660 079 791 7 9020 29822 77767 92067 5 14 09863 01775 66764
0
8 948 8 5 9 101 60705 74007 129 ” 666
“
7 19
468 699 784 949 988 409 0
88 8 18 9 29809 . m 94462 1 1666 5 1 46m 5 7 m 18

“
H Y PE R BOLI C FU N TI C O NS .
10
11
98648 9 474 7 0088 0209 73 72
88905 97 10 5 7
78279 22686
90018 4594 1 (3 106
a = l +o
m
- o

12 88 74 1 862226 1935 3 905 28

TR I GONOM ETR I C F UNCTI O NS
+ a /8
.

6 11111 '

si n a: 0 OUT
cos h 0: 1 3+ O‘/S !
006 -

1
tnnh (2' — 1) 1 -
l) 1+
tun 1 l ) B , 0’ /4 1
h z
-

co t Bi /2 1 2‘-
1
oo t o= 1/0— 2'
1 2‘ — 2 B .0 /6 1+
° '

h zfl 1+ E
-

eec — 8 ,
’
.x
‘
/4 1 1+
i+
1 1+
I ) R.
“=
-

tu b 1
-

tnn x .r
— z/8 + z/5 z/7
° ‘ — '

Loe u m mt e
'
or u y n uno u c r o s cn ous .

=
log", si n 0= iog, , O M [ , v + B,
x .
3 11 x . x . sub 17 . ca b 17 . t nh x x . . mm x . 06 11 x . tnh x .
-
2 B o 9 1 9 -
4 1+
log n oos 0: — 1) B , 4 1+
2
125 7 22% 913 4 78 18 7876 994 1 ro wnns or A ND nx p nnssnn 117 u nu ns .

1788 25 78 0210 8 9978 0 48 48 1868 11 0958 0 ( 1

' °
09 898 85 18 0
28 00 2947 935 4 4 4860 4868 9997 70 8 4 20779
2797 M 9471 5 3 704 8 705 .
“
0 11752 21527 ( P P/B
"
0 11895 9 1772-18 75 1
3282 8 715 9567 6 0000 .

8758 4 112 96 46 7 7890 7890 (0 10 .0" 189 8 - i $

5 15 6
4225 45 15 97 10 8 0000 1
'
0888208665 72160 195 21 94 780
468 7 4924 97m 9 6076 6076 0000 15949 94075
5 148 588 7 9806 10 0000 079 74 9708 8 01 °2S265 99wo
l
( ) a '
78210
LE GE N D R E S
'
V ALUES .

(P P/B
a— l
1 =S — S./9 "
. . 0 2988 8 6113 1
'
-
=S — S. fl
.

3288 7 1 1188 19 15 2 1 °
0174 5 82925 19948 29577 . 0 262
‘7

806 19 8 4449 18971 1978 6 708 60

1 01407 78561 97944 889 18 si n 1
°
071 45 W
. 164 8 72S4 log s i n 1 °

45 75 1 279 18 08 5 8 4 si n
’
1 log si n 1 ’

608 65 588 08 04 W si n 1 0000048 49 1 8 6709 101 si n 1

.
:
 IV . C H E M I STRY ,
E N G I N E E RI N G , A N D P I I Y SI CS 39

CH EM I STR Y . P HY SI CS .

Weigh t of l
1 i te r of hyd roge n i n gra m s, D ENSITY 0? AI R .

or 1 li t er of a i r, a t sea le vel unde r pressure of m Le t t sta nd for the te m pera t re ce nti grad e , h for the he i g t u h
b l
of the a ro me te r co umn e presse d i n mi im e te rs, M for t he x ll
Ra ti o of a to mi c w igh t
e of
gase s to s pecillo h ea t, mass in gra ms o f one cu i c ce nti me ter of a ir ; then b
x
E pa nsio n of gases ibr 1 degre e ce nti gra e, d t ) kl 7oo .

a m i no wn o u m '
.
um u m vow u u or wa r “
u
Al mi ni um, A l 27 Manganese, M m,
Let C
be the te mpera t re i n centigrade degree s ; the u
.

D
Antimon y , 8b 120 Merc r , uy Hg .
,
y l
,

de nsi t ; V, th e vo ume of 1 gra m i n cu i c ce nti me ters ; the n b

Ars enic, Aa 76 Mo bdenum, ly Mo
C D C D V C D V
.
, .
,

Ba ri um, Ba , 187 Ni k l
c e , Ni . .
. V . .

Biamdth, B L, Nit g ro e n, N , .
0 °

Boro n, B , . 11 Oxyg e n,
1 9998 0007 14 9980 0070 26 9687 03 1 1 -

Bro mi ne , Br Ph ph os orus, P .
,
2 9997 0008 16 9916 0084 27 9660 , 08 41
C d mi u m
a , Cd .
, 112 Pl ti m
a nu , Pt .
,
8 9999 0001 16 9900 0100 28 0868
Cli m
a c u , Ca , 40 Pt i m
o ass u , K .
, 89 l 1 .
4 0000 17 9884 0116 29 9606 089 6
C b ar on, C, . 12 S l i um
e en , Se , .
6 9999 0001 18 9866 0186 80 9677 0426
Chl i o r ne , CL, Si li con 8 L, 6 9997 0008 19 98 46 016 1 40 928 6 0770
Ch mi m ro u , Cr , . Si l ve r, Ag , .
7 9998 0007 20 9826 0174 60 88 19 1 196
C b lt
o a , Co 69 S di u m
o , Na , .
8 99& 0011 21 9806 0196 60 8888 169 1
Cu St ron ti m u 8r , 9 9982 0018 22 9788 0218 70 7794 2266
, .

Fl i n uor e, P, . 19 S l ph
u ur, B,
.
10 9976 0026 $1 9760 0240 80 7194 28 87
G ld Am, Te ll uri um, Te 11 9966 008 4 24 978 7 0264 90 6666 8667
-
o , . ,
.

H yd g ro e n, IL, Ti n, Bn .
,
12 9966 0046 100 6866 48 12

I odi ne , I. Ti ta ni um, Ti .
, ELE TRI C CI TY .

I ron, Fe 66 Tungste n, W R esi stance of 1 mil ft of so n coppe r a t 0 °

C l g l hm
e a o s
Pb
-
. .

Lead , U ra ni um , U , . 289 at l g l hm
e a o s.
h
Li t i um, Li .
, Zi nc, Zu, .

Ele ctra moti ve force of a la r ce a t C, C k ll lt vo s

Zi i
-
. .

Ma gnesi um, Mg , rcon u m Z r" by hy h yl

ste res is for wroug t 002B h ‘ er
Loss i n
. .
ro , .
g p s er c c e

E NGI NE E R I N G .
pe r c ubi c ce nti me ter .

r a s orxou . um n mm m o. o . s . uurrs .

P R I CTI ON .
Le t Vb e the ve loci t y of ligh t b a out cm pe r se c.
b dy h
.
,
Le t F B be the coeffi ci e nt of fri cti on i f the e a t res t,

F .
.

M if i n mo ti on, a nd
.
.

t he a ngie of repose A ‘

.
o
Elect ro m E l ectrosta ti c.

F B F M . . . .
Q ua n ti ty 1 co u o l mb V/10l o. , 8 10' -

Cl y
. .
,

C
“
a , dry , 88 urre n t l a mpe re , V/10 8 0
1 ' -

wet, 47 Pote n ti l
a ,
‘
1 v lt
o ,
I O‘/V
Re si s ta nce , ohm , 10 /V’
'
1
i ro n on iron, or b rass, . 10 . 16 [oil ed 06 9 44 Ca pa ci ty , l ibra d, V /’ 10° 9
on w d oo , 4 0n d? . 26 [oiled 00 22 8 1 -

Self i nd ucti on, 1 h y

e nr
Ma sonr y dy,
r , 80
.

T
,

ly U N I S OF a n ts ru l oa
‘

80
.

on c a
l uy l l q
.
,

Sa nd , 68 8i- Le t L be the e ngth of a merc r co um n, 1 mi li me ter s ua re ,

hm
. .

W ood on s tone . 18 at 0 C,°

. a nd B the re si sta nce i n true o s .

on w ood, ee e u
s -
. 26 [ oi ed l 00 14—27 L . B .

True ohm, cm . B A Uni t, cm 9807

u onuw s or I L ABTI OI TY .
. . . .

Le t A be the p the force i n tons, l the origi na l

e longa tion,
Lega l ohm, . 9972 Bi e me n
’
s uni t, . 9407

l h
e ngt , / the cross secti o n i n s ua re inches, 0 the modul us of q
ela sti ci ty ; the n A p I/ js .
y
H drogen, gra m pe r cou om l b .

6600 I ron, stee , 12000 18 000

e.
l co pper: gra ms pe r a m pere per hu o r .

B ra ss,
wi re , 6400 wro ght, 120004 8000 u
-

Silver, gra ms pe r am pe re per h our .

Co ppe r, cas t, 7000 Lea d, 10 00 1 13 01 3 701 4 . “ 18 11 3 01 5 0' I n “ .

wi re , hard dra wn, 8000 osphor bronz

e, coco Ph -
The va ues l gi ven i n thi s ta bl e are ma de to conform to the
Gun me tal, 45000000 Ti m er, 000060 -
b -
va lu e of
the s pecific resi stm ce
of coppe r a da pte d as the sta n

I ron, cast, sow soon Z i nc, rolle , 660 0 -

d A
dard by the me ri can I nsti tute of E ectri ca Enginee rs a t t e i r l l h
sra a m m or x x xn u -
ns mee ti ng, Se pte m er, C h a ne Ib E B , vo l 7 , p 8 4 8 . A . . . . . . .

C C
.

Le t T be the ulti ma te te naci t y in p und o s q

per s uare i nc h Let the speci fic re si stance a t 0 °
in G 8 uni ts be B ; . . . .

C l l
.

a nd L the crushing load , per squa re i nch, for short b oc s l k the res ista nce a t 0°
i n ega ohms o r a wi re 1 mm i n di . .

l w
.

ams ter a nd 1 m I f R , be the re sista nce of a i re

’
ong, B . .

a t 0 C , a nd a the t empe ra ture coe m

°
. cie nt t he n the re si s :
tance a t t O i s found by the formu a B t = B . (1 + 41 0
°
. l .

R . R ’
a .

2918 . 087 1
86600 . 46 14 . 008 89
18000 28000 -
660004 10000 18 114 1 6680
. W
.

660004 76011) 800004 76000 1698 0208 «BSS

w ht
. .

roug .

Ro pe , h e mp, 11000 18000 -

2069 was . 008 66

Ti mber , oa k a nd pi ne , 6000 16000 -
40004 2000 2096 0267
“M
.

W EIGHT I L LS m PO UND S P 3 8 CUB I C N OT . I ro n, a nnea e ld , 97 18 . 1286 2001—006

A lu mi ni um , l w 170-
'

I ron . cas t, 186 4 66

4 -

Bra ss , 476 626 -

ste e 4864 96 l ,
06114 . 00072
k
Bric , common, 110 480 ro ught, w 416 4 90 12467 . 1684
C y
la , com pact, 1204 86 Pla ti num, 1800 1876 -
9060 . 1 16 1 0014 0086 -

C ppo er , M 660 Stone , 1804 70

Ea r th, l oose, 76 90 -
Ti m er , b 80 66 -

Glass, Water, pure, a t 82 E

°
18216 . 1680 . m
Gra ve l a nd sa nd, 904 20 Zi nc, 4264 60 Zi nc, pre ssed, 6028 . 07 10 . O(B 66
40 IV . PH Y SI CS .

G RA V I TY . EI I
SP C F C M B A “ .

Le ngt h
the secon s pe n u u a
of d d l m t h igh t I b e t a ove sea l l : Alumi i um 16 7 C
eve n ,
—9 °
.
, . 212 I ro n, ste e l , ord. te m .
, . 116
i n i nc e s, h si n’ l ta 8 h/l O . B i m u th
— 20 48 ‘ s ,
-
. 0806 ro , o rd te m p , w ugh t . . . 1 18
i n fe e t, sl n ’
l ta 8 I /i O. B — 14 98
l ‘
ra ss , -
.08 6 ea d, L
19 48 C ,
° -
. . 03 15
i n m e ters, sl n’ l t 8 h/10
a C dmi um
— 0 400 ‘ a , 066 M a gne si um , 20—60 246
A
.

l y
.

cce e ra ti o n by gra vi t , pe r se co nd of mean sola r ti m C b h l 20

e ar on, c a rcoa , .104 M e rc r , 6—8 6 uy . 088
i n fee t, si n ' l ta 8 I /l O.
—
di m d t 20 '
a on , .121 N i c e 14—97 kl , . 109
in me te rs, si n i t 8 Ii /l o g ph i t 167 P a ti n m , l u
’ '
a .
—
N ra e, . 0 400 4 252

HE AT C pp 16 400 o er, .098 Si e r , 0 400 lv . 066

G ld
.

0 400 082 Stea m, a t consta nt pre s s " 47~

E ne rg y q ui d t h t 1 g m f w t fr m
re re o ea ra o a er o
I 20 0
o

ce ,
,

- -
.

.604 Ti n, 04 00 C ,
°
.
.

. (Lx
'

20 t 21 C
pu
° °
o g er s
I 0 400 118 Z inc, 04 00 098 3
. .
,
ron,
t h t 1 kg f w t
re , .

ir m 20 t 21
.

o ea o a er o
°
o
°
k m g
-

L I GH T
. .

t h t 1 lb
o f w t f m 68 t 00 F
ea . o a er ro
°
o
°
.
, 778 ft lbs -
.
.

1 B i ti h th m l
r it B T U
s er a un , . . l
ca o ri e s . Uz
rrrs or h : ndl p w
ear B i ti h i t h l igh t f m
one ca e o er, r s , s e ro

1 w t = 1 j ul p
a t d o mi l ie e r seco n nor ca or e s pe r seco nd . a spe r ma ce t i dl b i g 120g i
ca n hu ;1 e l i 94
urn n ra ns a n o r ca rce s

H ea t of va pori a ti o n o f z wa te r at 100 C °
.
,
68 7 lpe r kg
ca o ri e s . l
ca nd es, ne a r ly d th u i f l igh t f 1890 (b ugi d i
, an e n t o o o e ec

B T U pe r lb
. . . . l
ma e ) i s a tw i th f e nt e l d ly 1 dl p w o ca nce s, a n nea r ca n e o er .

E
CO FFI CI E N S OF T EXP ANSI ON . Va w crrv or i e ur L :i mi l p d 18688 7 1 60
-
n es e r secon ,

I f tempera t u re s be m ea s u red in ce n ti gra de degre e s, l e ngths i n i ome te rs per kl se co nd .

,

at tem p e
ra ture t °
a re ex pre ssed i n te rm s of the l e ngths a t 0 °
IN D EX OF B BFR A C I I ON FOR Ti l ! D L 18 8
' '

by th e formu l
a (1 + a t) , a nd vl o u me s by th e form ula A lcohol at 16 °
C . Di a mond , 2 4Q S
.

Vt = V° (1 + 8 11 i) .
Be nz i ne , 16 Flu i or te ,
I f the Fa h h re n e i t sca e l be use d, t e se h form ul a; becom e Ca r bon, di s ul .
, 16 Gl a ss ,

It a
'
(t a
’
(t
Chl oro form , 10 R k oc sa l t,

a
h
E t e r, 16 Syl i v ne ,

C d l
.

0 4 28 1 -
49 235 W a te r , 16 a na a Ba sa m ,

073 074 a ow a u ms wa v e u nt o m s o r r u ux u om
’ ’
132 133 v a a r a s ro a s u s es
-
.

134 19 1 102 100 B, C , D D ,,

054 090 03 0 050 b, , b, ,
3 07 3 13 170 175 b, , b, , F, G,
03 1 090 03 1
S UNO D .

167 172
’
093 103 Ve l oci t y of sound i n fee t, a nd in me te rs, per seco nd

070 092 039 05 1 F ee t . M e te rs . Fe e t M e te r s . .

144 14 7 030 03 1
,

I n air at 0 °
C . In l e ad , 898 7 12110 1

1 17 144 005 090 coppe r, 128 08 8 760 w a te r, a t 8 °

4718
1 10 122 03 1 068 l
g a ss, 1 7060 6200 stee l wi re , 13700 480 0
103 1 17 030 030 For te m pe ra ture s h 0 C th v l i ty f u d i ot h er t an
°
.
,
e e oc o so n n

230 3 12 135 100 i i

a r xp d by th f mul V :
s e re sse V(1+ 015 7 t) e or a . .

SPE C I F I C GR A V I TI E S
209 270 149 153
.

123 07 1
09
9 091 040 01 5 Al m i i u m pu
u n I , t l 1 60 re , ro n, s e e ,

mm co i l w ugh t
erc a 7 79 7 t 5 ro -
s
192 194 107 103 , . .
,

B i m th
s u L d ea
013 117 025 005 , ,

22
3 233 125 130
C dmi u m
a , M g i um a ne s ,

08 6 003 020 wa s C b h l
a r on, c a rcoa M y t0 C ,
e rcur a
°
.
,

di m d a on Ni k l c e
290 293 100 10
3 , ,

g k as co Pl ti m t
e, 216 0 a nu ca s
“O
-

, ,

g ph i t wi d f i l 212
CON D UCTI VI TI F R 11RA T .
ra e, re a n o ,

h k
Le t the t i c ne ss of a pla te o f any substa nce be p ce nti me C pp
o t e r , cas Sil ,
ve r ,

te rs , t he area o f one face s ua re ce nti me ters, the A q t e mpe ra l t ly ti

e ec ro S l phu m ph u c, u r, a or o s,

u
t re s o f the t wo ihce s C , a nd Qthe a nt i t . qu y of h ea t m li i onoc n c,

l
i n mi nor ca ori es t a t fl o s th ro gh t he p a te i n t h w u l seco nds ; G ld
o ,
19 8 0 h mbi r o c,

h
t en :Qfl A t (0, I ro n, cast , Ti n,

p ure , Zi ’ nc,

. 802 I ce , TH E R M O ME TE R sa u nas
I ron,
,

00174 Pa ra iil ne ,
L t C b th t m p t
e i e tlg d d g e d F in e e ra ure n con ra e e ree s a n
.

109 W a te r
F h h i t d g th C 6 (F
a re n e e F rees , en
.
,
an d f i t p l ti
or 1 C
n er o a F 1 F 066 C on
°
,
° °
.

C F C F C F C F C F . . . .

TS ION
. . . . . .

"RA Ol’ FUS .

200 892 160 802 100 212 60 122 0 82
Ca l B TU Cal B TU 196 8 88 146 298 96 208 46 118 6 23
lb
. . . . . . . .

pe r kg .
pe r lb .
pe r kg .
pe r .
190 874 140 284 90 194 40 104 -
10 14
Bi sm t uh , Ni c kl e ,
186 866 186 276 8 6 186 86 96 — 16 6
C dmi
a um, Pl a ti nu m, 49 180 866 180 266 80 176 80 86 4
I ce , 80 144 Si l ve r , 176 84 7 126 267 76 167 26 77 -
26 — 18
Le a d, Ti n ,
170 888 120 248 70 168 20 68 — 22
M e rcur y , Zi nc, 166 829 116 289 66 149 16 69 —86 — 81
160 8 20 1 10 28 0 60 140 10 60 — 40 40
TI NG T
-

MEI PO I N S
46 49
-

10 66 18 1 6 41 —
.

166 8 11 6 221 -

C F C F
C POWE R PR ESSUR E AN D WE I GHT
. . . .

A l umi ni um ,
a bo ut 600 1 100 ° °
I r on cas t stee
. l , 1870 2600 ° ° U N I TS OF FOR E , , ,
.

Bi s m u th , 260 600 Lea d, 826 620 Dy i th w i gh t f 1 g m l t

ne s n e e o ra , a .

C d mi
a um, 8 16 600 M e rc uy r ,
-
40 -
40 i t h w i gh t f 1 p u d v i d u p i
n e e o o n a o r o s,

C pp
o e r, 1064 1980 Ni c kl e , 1460 2640 F t p u d p mi u t i 1 h
oo -
o n sp w 390 00 er n e n orse -
o er,

G ld
o , 1046 1910 Pa ralll ne , 64 129 i ki l g m m t
n p mi ut o ra o
e ers er n e,

I ce , 0 82 Pl tia num , 1776 8 28 0 G i

ra p b
ns i i h i 1 g m p
e r cu ub i ti m t c nc n ra er c c ce n e er,

I ri di um, 1960 8640 Si lv e r, 964 1760 G m p

ra qu sti m t i 1p
er s dp qa i h are ce n e er n oun e r s u re nc ,

I ro n, pig, a bu o t 1076 1970 Ti n, 28 0 44 6 P d p

o un ubi f t i 1 ki l g m p ubi m t
s er c 0624 28 c oo n o ra er c c e e r, .

pure , a buo t 1600 2900 Zi nc, 412 774 W t i 1h

at s p w n o rse7 4 6 -
o er,
 V . A DD I TI O N SU B TRA CTI O N LOGA RI THM S
-

A z log b —
log a , log a +B
—
__ log l og a — log 6, log 6 + A = log (a —
b) .
 V . AD D I TI ON SU B TR ACTI ON LOGA RI THMS
-

. 4

3 7 16

A z log b— log a ,
log a + B = log B = log a —
log é , log 6 + A = 10g (
a —
b) .
44 V . ADD ITIO N S U BTRACTI O N LOGARITH M S
-

76 9 0

8 1 04

84 8 3
 V . ADD ITIO N SU B T R A CTIO N
-

L OG A R I TI I M S . 415

3 6 13 3 54 4 3 6 75 3 7 06 4 7 68 3 8 00

3 9 25 3 95 7 3 98 9 4 020 4 05 2 4 08 4 4 11 6
4 27 7 4 3 09 4 34 1 4 3 74 4 4 07 44 3 9
45 71 4 6 04 4 63 7 4 6 70 4 7 03 4 73 7 4 77 0

4 9 04 4 938 4 972 5 006 5 04 0 5 074 5 108

5 24 5 5 28 0 5 3 15 5 34 9 53 84 5 4 19 54 54
5 5 94 5 630 5 66 5 5 7 00 5 736 5 772 5 8 07

5 95 1 598 7 6 023 6 05 9 6 09 6 6 13 2 6 169

6 3 16 63 5 2 63 8 9 64 27 6 4 64 6 5 01 65 3 8
6 68 8 6 7 26 6 7 64 6 8 02 68 4 0 68 78 6 9 16

7 07 0 7 1 08 7 14 7 7 18 6 7 224 726 3 7 3 02
74 5 9 74 9 9 75 3 8 75 78 7 6 18 7 65 7 7 69 7
78 5 8 78 98 79 3 8 7 9 79 8 020 8 06 0 8 101
8 26 5 8 3 06 8 348 838 9 8 43 0 84 72 8 5 14
8 68 1 8 7 24 8 76 6 8 8 08 885 1 8 893 8 936

9 1 07 9 15 0 9 19 3 9 23 7 9 28 0 9 3 24 9 3 67
954 2 95 8 6 963 1 9 675 9 7 19 9 7 64 9 8 08
99 8 7 *003 2 ‘ 007 7 * 01 23 * 016 8 ‘ 025 9

04 4 2 04 8 8 05 3 4 05 8 0 06 27 06 7 3 07 20
09 07 09 5 4 1 001 1 04 8 1 09 6 1 14 3 1 19 1

13 8 2 14 3 0 14 7 8 1 5 27 15 7 5 1 6 24 1 67 2
18 6 8 19 1 7 19 6 6 2016 206 5 21 1 5 21 64
23 64 24 1 4 24 6 5 25 1 5 25 6 6 26 1 7 266 7
28 7 2 29 23 29 7 5 3 026 3 07 8 3 13 0 3 18 2
3 390 3 44 3 3 4 95 3 548 3 6 01 3 65 4 3 7 07

3 9 20 3 9 74 4 028 4 08 2 4 13 6 4 19 0 4 24 4
44 62 4 5 17 4 5 72 4 6 27 4 68 2 4 73 8 4 79 3
5 016 5 07 2 5 1 28 5 18 4 5 24 1 5 29 7 5 3 54
558 2 5 639 5 69 6 5 754 5 8 12 5 8 69 5 9 27
6 16 0 6 21 9 6 27 7 633 6 6 3 95 64 5 4 65 13

6 75 1 68 1 1 68 7 1 6 93 1 69 9 1 7 05 1 7 1 12
73 5 5 74 16 74 7 7 75 3 9 7 6 00 76 6 2 7 7 24
79 7 2 8 03 4 8 09 7 8 16 0 8 223 8 28 6 8 34 9
8 6 03 8 6 66 8 73 0 8 7 94 8859 8 9 23 8 98 7
9 24 7 93 12 93 77 944 3 9 5 08 9 5 74 964 0

9 9 05 99 72 * 003 9 * 0105 * 01 7 2 * 024 0 ‘ 03 07

05 7 8 06 4 6 07 14 07 8 2 08 5 1 09 20 09 8 8
1 26 5 13 3 5 14 04 14 7 4 15 4 4 1 6 14 1 68 4
19 6 7 203 8 21 09 218 1 225 2 23 24 23 9 6
26 8 4 27 5 7 28 3 0 29 03 29 7 6 3 04 9 3 1 22

3 4 17 349 1 3 5 66 3 64 0 3 7 15 3 78 9 3 8 64
4 16 6 4 24 1 4 3 17 4393 4 4 70 4 546 4 6 22
4 93 0 5 008 5 08 5 5 16 3 5 24 1 5 3 19 5397
5 711 5 7 90 5 8 70 5 94 9 6 028 6 108 6 18 8
6 5 09 65 90 66 7 1 6 75 2 68 3 3 6 9 14 6996

7 3 24 74 06 74 8 9 75 7 2 7 65 5 773 8 7 8 21
8 15 6 8 24 1 8 3 25 8 4 09 8 4 94 8 5 79 8 6 64
9 006 9 09 2 9 1 79 9 26 5 935 1 94 3 8 9 5 25
9 8 74 99 6 2 I "
013 8 "0227
l * 03 15 * 04 04

07 6 1 08 5 1 09 4 1 1 03 1 1 1 21 121 1 1 3 02

A z log b — log a ,
l o ga —
log 6, log 6 + A -

l g (a
o —
b) .
443 V A D D ITIO N SU BTR ACTI O N L O GARIT H M S
’
-

. .

15 7 5 1 6 66 1 75 8 18 5 0 1 94 2 203 4 21 26 2219
.

24 9 7 25 9 1 26 8 4 27 7 8 28 7 2 29 6 6 3 06 0 3 15 5
3 535 3 63 0 3 7 26 3 8 22 3 9 18 4 111
4 4 01 4 498 4 5 96 4 694 4 79 2 4 8 90 4 98 8 5 08 6
54 8 3 558 2 5 68 2 5 78 2 5 98 2 6 08 3

63 8 6 64 8 7 65 8 9 6 69 1 6 79 3 68 95 69 9 7
7 4 09 7 5 13 7 6 17 7 7 21 78 25 7 9 29 8 03 4
8454 8 5 60 8 666 8 7 72 8 8 78 8985 9 092 9 19 9
9 5 21 9 6 29 9 73 7 984 5 995 4 ‘ 0063 *0
172
06 10 08 3 0 09 4 1 105 2 1 1 63 1 274 13 8 5

1 721 18 3 3 19 4 6 205 9 21 7 2 228 5 23 9 9

28 5 5 29 7 0 3 08 5 3 200 3 3 16 34 3 1 3 547 3 66 3
4 13 0 4 24 7 4 3 65 4483 4 6 01 4 7 19 483 7
5 19 4 5 3 14 5 434 5554 5 674 5 794 5 9 15 6 03 6
6 4 00 6 5 22 6 64 4 6 76 6 68 8 9 7 01 2 7 13 5 7 25 9

7 75 5 7 8 79 8 004 8 1 29 8 380 8 5 06
8 886 9 012 9 14 0 9 26 7 9395 9 5 23 9 65 1 9 779
‘ 0166 ‘ 029 6 * 05 5 6 ‘ 06 8 6 ‘ 08 ‘ 1 07 8
16
14 7 3 16 05 17 3 8 18 7 0 2003 213 6 227 0 24 04
28 06 29 4 1 3 211 3 34 7 3483 3 75 5

4 16 6 4 3 04 444 1 4 5 79 4 7 18 4 995 5 13 4
555 3 5 69 4 5 834 5 9 75 6 116 6 25 7 65 4 1
69 6 8 73 9 8 75 4 2 7 68 6 78 3 1 79 7 6
8 4 12 8 7 04 8850 8 99 7 9 14 4 9 29 1 94 3 9
98 8 3 * 003 2 * 018 1 * 03 3 1 * 04 8 0 ‘ 06 3 0 "07 8 0
ll

138 4 15 3 6 16 8 8 18 4 0 214 6 229 9 24 5 3

29 15 3 070 3 225 3380 3536 4 004
4 4 76 4 79 1 495 0 5 1 08 5 267 5 4 27 5586
6 06 7 6 228 63 8 9 65 5 0 6 7 12 6 8 74 703 7 7 19 9
76 8 9 78 5 3 8 01 7 8 18 2 8 347 8 5 12 8 6 78 8 8 44

93 4 3 9 6 78 I "0014 * 01 8 2 * 03 5 1
1 029 1 1 99 1 3 70 15 4 1 1712 18 8 4 205 6 2228
274 7 29 21 3 09 5 3 26 9 3 444 3 6 19 3 79 4 3 9 70
4 4 99 4 676 485 3 5 209 5 5 66 5 74 5
6 28 4 6 64 5 6 8 26 7 007 7 18 9 73 7 1 75 5 3

8 1 03 8 28 6 8 4 70 884 0 9 025 9 210 93 96

* 01 4 3 * 03 3 1 * 05
19 * 07 07 “
08 9 6
ll ‘ 1 274

18 4 4 203 5 2226 24 18 26 10 28 02 29 95 3 18 8

3 768 3 963 4 54 8 4 74 4 4 94 0 5 13 7
5 7 28 5 9 26 6 1 25 6 5 23 6 7 22 6 9 22 7 1 22
‘

7 7 25 7 9 27 8 1 29 833 1 8 5 34 8 73 7 8 94 1 9 14 5
‘ 01 7 0 *03 7 6 ‘ 05 8 3 * 07 9 0 ‘ 09 9 7 * 1 205
9 75 9 9 9 64
18 3 0 203 9 224 9 24 5 9 26 6 9 28 8 0 3 09 1 3 3 02

3 939 4 15 2 4 3 66 4 5 79 4 7 94 5 008 54 3 8
6 08 7 6 3 04 6 73 9 69 5 7 7 175 7 3 94 7 6 14

8 274 8 4 95 8 7 16 8 938 9 16 0 938 2 98 28

07 25 095 0 11 7 6 14 02 16 29 208 3
27 6 7 29 9 6 34 5 5 3 68 5 3 9 15 4 14 6 4 3 78
5 074 5 3 07 5 54 0 5 7 74 6 008 6 24 3 6 4 78 6 7 14
7 4 22 76 60 8 3 73 9 09 1

A z lo g 6 — log a , log a + B = log B = 10g a —

l og 6 , log b + A = 10g (
a —
b) .
 V . ADD ITIO N SU B T R ACTIO N L OGA R I TH M S
-

9 50 95 72 98 1 2 * 005 4 I "O295 * 05 3 8 * 07 8 0 * 1 023 *

1 26 7 "1 5 1 0
II

19 9 9 224 4 24 9 0 27 3 6 29 8 2 3 229 3 4 76 3 7 24 3 972

52 4 221 4 4 70 4 7 19 4 969 5 21 9 5 4 70 5 7 21 5 9 73 6 225 64 7 7
53 6 73 0 69 8 3 7 23 7 74 9 1 7 74 6 8 001 8 25 6 8 5 12 8 76 9 9 025
54 9 28 3 95 4 0 9 799 7 005 7 * 03 16 * 05 76 ‘ 08 3 5 * 109 6 *l 35 7 * 16 18

55 214 2 24 04 26 6 7 29 3 1 3 19 5 3459 3 7 24 3 98 9 4 25 5
56 4 5 21 4 78 7 5 05 4 5 3 22 5 5 90 5858 6 1 27 63 9 6 6666 69 3 6
57 7 207 74 7 8 775 0 8 022 8 29 4 8 5 67 884 1 9 1 14 93 8 9 9663
58 993 9 7 0214 7 04 9 1 * 07 6 7 7 104 4 * 1 3 22 * 1 6 00 * 1 8 7 7
78 21 5 7 24 3 7
59 27 16 29 9 7 3 27 7 355 9 3 84 0 4 1 23 4 4 05 4 68 8 4 9 72 5 25 6

5540 5 8 25 6 111 63 97 668 3 69 70 7 25 7 75 4 5 78 3 3 8 122

61 84 11 8 7 01 8 99 1 9 28 2 9 5 73 98 65 7 015 7 *044 9 7 07 4 2 * 1 03 6

6 2 0 15 1 3 3 0 1 6 24 19 19 221 5 25 1 1 28 07 3 1 04 3 4 01 3 69 9 3 99 7
63 4 29 6 4595 4 8 95 5 19 5 5496 5 79 7 6 09 9 6 4 01 6 7 04 7 007
64 73 10 7 6 15 7 9 19 8 224 8530 8836 9 14 2 94 4 9 9 75 7 * 006 5

65 03 74 06 8 3 09 9 2 1 3 02 1 6 13 1 9 24 223 5 25 4 7 28 5 9 3 17 2
66 348 6 3 8 00 4 1 14 4 4 29 4 74 5 5 06 1 5 3 77 5 694 6 01 1 6 3 29
67 6 64 8 696 7 7 28 6 7 6 06 7 9 26 8 24 7 8 5 69 889 1 9 21 3 953 6
68 986 0 * 01 8 3 * 05 08 * 08 3 3 * * 14 8 4 * 18 11 * 213 8 *
24 6 5 7 27 9 3
1 15 8
69 3 1 22 34 5 1 3 78 0 4 1 10 4 44 1 4 77 2 5 1 04 543 6 5 768 6 1 01

11 7 0 0J 7 6 4 3 5 6 76 9 7 104 74 3 9 7 7 74 844 7 8 7 84 9 1 22 94 60
’

8 1 11
71 9 79 9 * 013 8 *04 78 * 08 18 7 * 1 5 01 * 1 8 4 2 * 218 5 * 25 28 * 28 7 1
1 15 9
72 3 21 5 3559 3 9 04 4 25 0 45 96 4 94 2 5 28 9 5 63 7 5 985 63 34
73 6 68 3 703 3 73 8 3 7 73 3 8 08 5 8436 8 78 9 9 14 1 94 9 5 98 4 9
74 0203 05 5 8 09 13 1 26 9 1 6 26 1 98 3 23 4 0 26 9 9 3 05 7 3 4 16

75 3 7 76 4 13 6 44 97 48 5 8 5 220 5582 5 94 5 6 3 08 6672 7 03 7

76 74 02 776 7 8 13 3 8 5 00 8867 9 23 5 9 6 03 99 72 7 03 4 1 7 07 1 1

77 14 5 2 1 8 23 21 9 5 25 6 8 29 4 1 3 3 15 3 68 9 4 06 3 44 38
78 4 8 14 5 19 0 5 5 67 5 94 5 6 3 23 6 7 01 7 08 0 74 5 9 78 39 8 220
79 8 6 01 8 98 3 93 65 9 74 8 7 01 3 1 7 05 1 5 * 09 00 * 1 28 4 * 1 6 7 0 * 205 6

0 21 24 4 3 28 3 0 3 21 7 3 6 06 3 9 94 4384 4 7 74 5 1 64 5555 5 94 7
81 633 9 673 1 7 1 24 7 5 18 79 1 2 8 3 07 8 7 03 9 098 94 95 989 2
82 028 9 06 8 8 1 08 6 14 8 5 18 8 5 228 6 26 8 6 3 08 8 34 90 38 92
83 4 29 6 4 69 9 5 103 5 5 08 5 9 13 6 3 19 6 7 26 7 13 3 75 4 0 7 94 8
84 835 7 8 766 9 1 76 958 6 99 9 7 7 04 09 * 08 21 * 1 23 3 * 16 4 6 * 206 0

85 24 74 28 8 9 3 3 04 3 7 20 4 13 7 4554 4 971 538 9 5 8 08 6 227

86 6 64 7 7 06 7 74 8 8 79 10 8332 8 75 5 9 1 78 9 6 02 * 0026 7 04 5 1
87 0 24 08 7 6 13 02 1 7 29 21 5 6 25 8 4 3 012 34 4 1 3 8 70 4 3 00 4 73 0
88 5 16 2 5 5 93 6 025 64 5 8 68 9 1 7 3 25 77 6 0 8 19 5 8 630 9 06 7
89 9 5 03 9 94 1 7 03 7 9 * 08 1 7 * 1 25 6 * 16
96 * 2l 36 * 25 7 6 * 3 018 7 34 5 9

3 9 02 4 3 45 4 78 8 5 23 3 5 6 77 6 1 22 65 68 7 015 74 6 2 7 9 09
91 8357 8 8 06 9 25 5 9 7 05 *015 5 * 06 06 * 1 05 8 7 15 1 0 * 19 6 2 * 2
4 16
92 28 6 9 3 3 24 3 7 79 4 23 4 4 69 0 5 14 7 5 6 04 6 06 2 6 5 20 69 7 9
93 74 3 9 7 8 99 8 3 60 8 8 21 9 28 3 9 74 5 * 0208 * 06 7 1 7 1 13 5 * 1 6 00

94 206 5 25 3 1 29 9 8 34 6 4 3 93 2 4 4 00 4 8 69 5338 5 8 08 6 27 8

95 6 74 9 7 221 769 3 8 1 65 8 63 9 95 8 7 * 006 2 * 05 38 7 1 014

9 1 13
96 1 9 68 24 4 5 29 24 3 4 03 3882 4 3 63 4843 5 3 25 5 8 07

97 6 28 9 6 77 2 7 25 6 7 74 0 8 225 8 7 10 9 19 6 9 68 2 *01 6 9 * 06 5 7
98 0 29 1 14 5 1 63 4 21 23 26 1 3 3 1 04 3 5 95 4 08 6 4 5 79 5 07 1 5 5 65
99 6 05 9 65 5 3 7 04 8 75 4 4 8 04 0 8537 9 03 5 95 33 7 003 1 7 05 3 0

A z log b — log a ,
log a + B = log (ax l g
o a —
log b, log b + A : l og
-
_
(
a —
b) .
48 V . AD D ITIO N -
SU BTRACTIO N LOGA RI T H M S .

1 08 0 1 13 0 1 18 0 1 23 0 128 0 13 3 0 13 8 0 14 3 0 14 8 0
15 8 0 16 3 0 1 68 0 173 1 17 8 1 18 3 1 188 1 19 3 1 19 8 1
208 1 213 1 21 8 2 223 2 228 2 23 3 2 23 8 2 24 3 2 24 8 2
26 3 3 27 3 3 27 8 4 28 3 4 28 8 4 29 3 4 29 8 4
3 08 5 3 13 5 3 18 5 3 23 6 3 28 6 3 336 3 38 6 343 7 348 7

3 63 8 3 68 8 3 73 8 3 78 9 38 39 3 8 89 3 94 0 3 9 90
4 09 1 4 14 1 4 19 1 4 24 2 4 29 2 434 3 4 393 444 3 4 4 94
4 5 95 4 74 6 4 79 6 4847 4 897 4 94 8 4 9 98
5 099 5 14 9 5 200 5 25 0 5 3 01 5351 5 4 02 545 2 5 5 03

5 6 04 5 75 5 5 8 06 58 57 5 9 07 5 95 8 6 008

6 1 09 6 16 0 6 21 1 6 26 1 6 3 12 63 62 64 1 3 6 4 64 6 5 14
6 6 15 6666 6 7 17 6 76 7 68 1 8 68 69 6 9 19 69 70 7021
7 1 22 7 17 3 7 224 7 27 4 7 3 25 7 3 76 74 26 \ 74 7 7 75 28
7 6 29 76 8 0 7 73 1 778 2 78 3 2 78 8 3 793 4 79 8 5 8 03 6
8 13 7 8 18 8 8 23 9 8 29 0 834 1 839 1 8 44 2 8 493 8544

8 64 6 8 69 6 8 74 7 8 79 8 8849 8 9 00 895 1 9 002 9 05 3

9 15 5 9 206 9 25 6 9 3 07 93 5 8 9 4 09 9460 95 11 9 5 62
* 007 2
9 66 4 9 7 15 9 76 6 9 8 17 9 8 68 9 9 19 9970
01 7 4 0225 027 6 03 27 03 7 8 04 3 0 04 8 1 05 3 2 05 8 3
06 8 5 07 3 6 07 8 7 08 3 8 08 8 9 09 4 1 099 2 1 04 3 1 09 4

1 19 6 1 24 7 1 29 9 13 5 0 1 4 01 14 5 2 1 5 03 15 5 5 16 06

1 7 08 1 75 9 18 1 1 18 6 2 19 13 19 64 2016 206 7 21 1 8

2221 227 2 23 23 23 74 24 26 24 7 7 25 28 25 8 0 26 3 1

27 3 4 27 8 5 28 3 6 28 8 8 29 3 9 29 9 0 3 04 2 3 09 3 3 14 4

3 24 7 3 35 0 3 4 01 34 5 3 3 5 04 3 5 56 3 6 07 3 65 8

3 76 1 3 8 13 3 8 64 3 9 16 3 967 4 019 4 07 0 4 1 22 4 173

4 27 6 4 3 28 4 3 79 44 3 1 448 2 4 5 34 4 585 4 63 7 4 68 8

4 79 1 48 94 4 94 6 4 99 8 5 04 9 5 1 01 5 15 2 5 204

5 3 07 5359 5 4 10 546 2 5 5 14 5 5 65 5 6 17 5 669 5 7 20

5 8 24 5 8 75 5 9 27 5 9 79 6 03 0 6 08 2 6 13 4 6 18 6 6 23 7

634 1 6 3 92 64 4 4 64 9 6 65 4 8 65 9 9 665 1 6 703 6 75 5

68 5 8 6 9 10 6 96 2 7 014 7 06 6 7 1 17 7 1 69 7 221 7 27 3
73 7 7 7 4 28 74 8 0 , 75 3 2 75 8 4 763 6 768 8 774 0 779 1

78 9 5 794 7 7 9 99 8 05 1 8 1 03 8 15 5 8 207 8 25 9 8 3 11

8 4 15 8 467 8 5 19 8 5 71 8 6 22 8 6 74 8 7 26 8 778 8 8 30

8 935 8 98 7 9 03 9 9 09 1 9 14 3 9 19 5 9 24 7 9 29 9 9 35 1

945 5 9 5 07 95 5 9 96 1 1 9 6 63 9 7 15 9 76 8 9 8 20 9 8 72

9 9 76 * 0028 * 008 0 * 013 2 * 01 8 5 l "o23 7 * 028 9 * 03 4 1 “

03 9 3
II

04 98 05 5 0 06 02 065 4 07 06 07 5 9 08 11 08 6 3 09 15
1 020 1 07 2 1 1 24 1 17 7 1 229 1 28 1 13 3 3 13 8 6 14 3 8

15 4 3 16 4 7 1 7 00 1 75 2 1 8 04 18 5 7 1 9 09 19 6 1

206 6 21 1 8 21 7 1 2223 227 6 23 28 23 8 0 24 3 3 24 8 5

264 2 26 9 5 274 7 28 00 28 5 2 29 05 29 5 7 3 009

3 1 14 3 21 9 3 27 2 3 3 24 3 377 3 4 29 348 2 3 5 34

3 64 0 3 692 3 74 5 3 79 7 3 8 50 3 9 02 395 5 4 007 4 06 0

4 16 5 4 218 4 27 0 4 3 23 4 3 76 4 4 28 44 8 1 4533 4 58 6

469 1 4 74 4 4 79 7 4 84 9 4 9 02 4 95 5 5 007 5 06 0 5 1 13

5 218 5 27 1 5 3 24 5 3 76 5 4 29 548 2 55 35 5 5 87 5 64 0

5 74 6 5 79 8 585 1 5 9 04 595 7 6 009 6 06 2 6 115 6 168

6 27 4 6 3 26 6 3 79 64 3 2 64 8 5 65 3 8 65 9 1 6 64 3 6 696

A z log a — l og 6 , log b+ B = 10g l g

o a — log 6, log b+ A = 10g (
a —
6)
 V . ADD ITIO N S U BTRACTIO N LOGA RI THM S
-

4 1 25 4 18 1 4 23 6 4 29 2 4 34 8 4 4 04
4 68 3 4 73 8 4 7 94 4 850 4 9 06 4 96 2
5 24 1 5 29 7 5 4 09 5 4 65 5 5 20
5 8 00 5 85 6 5 9 12 5 9 68 6 024 6 08 0
63 60 64 7 2 6 5 28 65 84 6 64 0

6 9 20 6 9 76 7 03 2 7 08 8 7 200
74 8 0 75 3 6 75 9 3 764 9 7 7 05 776 1
8 04 2 8 09 8 8 15 4 8 21 0 8 26 6 8 3 22
8 6 03 8 660 8 71 6 8 77 2 8 8 28 8 884
9 16 6 9 222 9 27 8 93 35 93 9 1 9 44 7

9 78 5 98 4 1 * 0010
9 7 29 98 98 9 95 4
029 2 03 4 9 04 05 04 6 1 05 18 05 74
08 5 6 09 13 09 6 9 1 026 1 08 2
14 21 14 7 7 15 3 4 15 9 0 16 4 7
19 8 6 204 3 209 9 215 6 221 2

25 5 2 26 08 26 6 5 27 7 8 28 3 5
3 1 18 3 175 3 23 1 3 28 8 3 4 01
3 68 5 3 74 2 38 55 3 9 12 3 969
4 25 2 4 3 09 4 3 66 4 4 23 4480

4 8 20 4 8 77 4 93 4 4 99 1 5 04 8 5 105

5 389 544 6 5 5 03 5 5 60 5 6 17 5 6 74
5 95 8 6 015 6 07 2 6 129 6 18 6 6 24 3
‘

6 5 28 65 8 5 6 64 2 66 9 9 6 75 6 6 8 13
7 098 7 15 5 7 21 2 7 26 9 7 3 26 73 8 4
7 6 69 7 7 26 7 78 3 78 4 0 78 9 8 79 5 5

8 24 0 8 29 8 83 55 8 4 12 8 5 26
8 8 12 8 8 70 8 9 27 8 98 4 9 04 1 9 09 9
9385 94 4 2 9 5 00 9 6 14 9671
9 95 8 *0015 * 007 3 *0
13 0 * 018 7 * 024 5

05 8 9 06 4 6 07 04 07 6 1 08 19

1 106 1 16 3 1 221 1 27 8 13 3 6
1 68 1 1 73 8 1 79 6 19 1 1 19 6 8
225 6 23 14 23 7 1 24 29 24 8 6 25 4 4
28 3 2 28 9 0 29 4 7 3 06 2 3 1 20
3 4 08 3 4 66 3 5 24 3 63 9 3 69 7

3 98 5 4 04 3 4 1 01 4 15 9 4 274
4 6 21 4 73 6 4 7 94 485 2
5 14 1 5 19 9 5 3 15 5 3 73 543 1
5 720 5 778 5 836 5 95 2 6 010
6 29 9 63 5 7 6 4 15 64 73 65 8 9

6 8 79 693 7 7 05 3 7111 7 16 9
74 5 9 7 5 18 763 4 76 9 2 7 75 0
8 04 0 8 09 9 8 215 8 27 3 8 33 1

8 6 22 8 68 0 8 73 8 8 79 7 8855 8 9 13
9 204 9 26 2 9 3 21 9 4 95

9 78 7 984 5 9 9 03 "
99 6 2 OO2O
I * 007 8

03 7 0 04 28 04 8 7 05 4 5 06 03 066 2
09 5 4 1 012 1 07 0 1 1 29 1 18 7 1 24 6

15 9 6 16 5 5 1 7 13 17 7 2
2123 218 1 224 0 229 8 23 5 7

A = l og a —
log b, log b + B —
.. _ log l og a — log 6, log b + A = log (a —
b) .
 V . ADD ITIO N SU BTRA CTIO N LOGARI T H M S
-

. 51

27 6 7 28 25 28 8 4 29 4 3 3 001
3 353 3 4 12 34 7 0 3 5 29 3588
3 94 0 9
39 8 4 05 7 4 1 16 4 174
4 5 27 4585 4 7 03 4 76 2
5 1 14 5 173 5 23 2 5 29 1 535 0

5 7 03 5 76 2 5 8 20 5 8 79 5 938
6 29 2 635 1 64 09 64 68 65 27
68 8 1 6 94 0 6 99 9 7 05 8 7 1 17
74 7 1 75 3 0 75 8 9 7 7 07
8 06 2 8 1 21 8 18 0 8 23 9 8 29 8

8 65 3 8 712 8 77 1 8830 8889

9 24 4 9 3 03 9 3 63 9 4 22 94 8 1
9836 98 9 6 9 95 5 ‘ 0014 * 007 3

04 29 04 8 8 05 4 8 06 07 06 6 6
1 022 1 08 2 1 14 1 1 201 126 0

16 1 6 1 6 76 1 73 5 1795 18 5 4
221 1 227 0 23 3 0 23 8 9 24 4 9
28 06 28 6 5 29 25 29 8 4 3 04 4
3 4 01 3461 3 5 20 3580
3997 4 05 7 4 1 17 4 17 6 4 23 6

4 5 94 4 6 54 4 713 4 7 73 4833
5 19 1 5 25 1 53 11 5 3 70 5430
5 78 9 5 849 5 9 08 5 968
63 8 7 6 5 07 65 67 6 6 27
6 98 6 7 04 6 7 1 06 7 16 6 7 226

75 8 5 7 64 5 7 7 05 7 7 65 7 8 25
8 18 5 8 24 5 8 3 05 8 3 65 8 4 25
8 78 6 8 9 06 9 026
93 8 7 94 4 7 9 5 07 95 67 9 6 27
998 8 * 0049 ll"0109 * 016 9 ‘ 0229

05 9 1 06 5 1 07 1 1 07 7 1 08 3 2
1 19 3 1 25 4 1 3 14 1 3 74 14 3 5
17 9 7 18 5 7 19 1 7 19 78 203 8
24 00 24 6 1 25 21 25 8 2 264 2
3 005 3 06 5 3 1 26 3 18 6 3 24 7

3 6 10 3 67 0 3 73 1 3 79 1 3 85 2
4 21 5 4 27 6 433 6 4 397 44 5 7
4 8 21 488 2 4 94 2 5 003 5 06 4
5 4 28 54 88 5 54 9 5 6 10 5 6 70
6 03 5 6 09 6 6 15 6 6 21 7 627 8

664 2 6 7 03 68 25 68 8 6
7 25 1 73 1 2 7 3 72 74 3 3 74 94
78 5 9 7 9 20 7 98 1 8 04 2 8 103
8 4 69 8 5 30 859 1 8 65 2 8 7 13
9 07 9 9 14 0 9 201 9 26 2

9 68 9 9 75 0 98 11 98 7 2 9933
‘ 03 00 03 6 1
‘ ‘0 ‘
4 22 04 8 3 ‘ 05 4 5

09 1 1 09 7 3 1 03 4 1 09 5 1 15 6
1 5 24 °
15 8 5 16 4 6 1 7 07 176 8
21 3 6 219 7 225 9 23 20

A = log a -
log b, log b+ B = log B = log a — log 6, log 0+ A = 10g (
a —
b) .

.
52 V . ADD ITIO N S U BTRACTIO N LOGARITH M S
-

9 7 17 9 78 4 98 5 0 9 9 16 998 2 “
004 8
l * 0113

03 7 7 04 4 3 05 08 05 74 06 4 0 07 06
1 03 4 1 09 9 1 16 5 1 23 0 1 29 6 13 6 1 14 27
16 8 8 1 75 3 1 8 19 18 8 4 19 4 9 2014 208 0
23 4 0 24 05 24 7 0 25 3 5 26 00 26 6 5 27 3 0

29 9 0 3 05 4 3 1 19 3 18 4 3 3 13 3 3 78
‘

3 63 6 3 701 3 76 6 3 8 95 3 95 9 4 024
4 28 1 43 4 5 4 4 74 45 38 4 6 02 4 66 7
4 9 23 498 7 5 05 1 5 1 15 5 17 9 5 24 3 5 3 07
5 5 63 5 627 5 69 0 5 75 4 5 8 18 5 88 2 5 94 5

6 200 6 264 6 3 27 63 9 1 64 5 4 6 5 18 65 8 1
68 3 5 68 9 8 6 96 2 7 025 7 08 8 7 15 1 7 215
75 3 1 75 9 4 765 7 7 7 20 7 78 3 78 4 6
8 09 8 8 16 0 8 28 6 8 349 8 4 12 8 4 74
8 7 25 8 78 8 885 1 8 9 13 8 976 9 03 8 9 1 01

935 1 94 7 5 95 3 8 9 6 00 9662 9 7 25
9 9 74 * 003 6 * 009 8 * 01 6 0 * 0222 * 028 4 * 03 4 6

05 9 4 065 6 07 18 08 4 2 09 04 09 6 6
1213 127 5 13 3 6 13 9 8 14 6 0 1 5 21 15 8 3
1 8 29 18 9 1 19 5 2 207 5 213 6 219 8

24 4 3 25 04 25 6 5 268 8 27 4 9 28 10
3 05 4 3 1 16 3 17 7 3 29 8 335 9 3 4 20
3 7 25 3 78 5 384 6 3 9 07 3 968 4 028
4 27 1 433 1 4 39 2 44 5 3 4 5 13 4 5 74
4 8 76 4 99 6 5 05 7 5 117 5 17 7 5 23 8

5 4 78 5 5 38 5 5 99 5 65 9 5 7 19 5 7 79 5839
6 07 9 6 13 9 6 19 8 6 25 8 6 3 78 64 38
6 6 77 68 5 6 7 03 5
73 3 2 73 9 2 74 5 1 7 5 11 75 70 7 6 29
7 9 26 79 8 5 8 04 4 8 16 3 8 222

8458 8 5 76 8 63 5 8 6 94 8 75 3 8 8 12
9 04 8 9 106 9 16 5 9 224 9 28 3 9 34 2 94 00
9635 9 6 94 9 75 2 98 11 9 9 28 998 6
0220 027 8 03 3 7 04 5 4 05 1 2 05 7 0
08 03 08 6 1 09 19 09 78 1 03 6 109 4 1 15 2

14 4 2 15 00 15 5 8 1 6 16 1 6 74 173 2
19 6 3 2021 207 8 219 4 225 1
25 4 0 25 9 7 265 5 27 1 2 27 70 28 27 28 8 5
3 1 14 3 17 1 3 229 3 28 6 3 3 43 3 4 01 345 8
3 68 7 3 74 4 3858 3 9 15 3972 4 029

4 25 7 4 3 14 4371 4 4 28 44 85 454 2 4 5 98
4 8 26 4882 4 939 4 996 5 05 2 5 16 6
5392 5448 5 5 05 5 6 18 5 6 74
5 95 6 6 01 3 6 125 6 18 1 6 23 8 6 29 4
6 5 19 65 75 663 1 66 8 7 6 74 3 6 79 9 68 5 5

7 07 9 7 19 1 7 24 6 7 3 02 73 5 8 74 14
769 3 7 74 8 7 8 04 78 60 7 9 15 79 7 1
8 13 8 8 24 9 8471 8 5 26
8 74 8 8 8 03 8858 8 9 14 8 969 9 024 9 07 9
9 24 5 9 3 00 9 4 10 94 6 5 9 5 20 9 5 75 9630

l og a —
log b. 10g a + C= log
V . AD D I
‘
TIO N S U BTR A CTIO N LOGARITH M S
—
.

"
9 9 6 0 0015
II ‘ 007 0 ‘0125 ‘ 01 79

05 08 05 6 3 06 17 06 7 2 07 27
1 05 4 1 1 09 1 16 3 1218 1 27 2
1 5 98 16 5 2 1 7 07 1 76 1 1 8 15
214 0 219 4 224 9 23 03 23 5 7

268 1 27 3 5 27 8 8 28 4 2 28 9 6
3 219 3 273 3 3 26 3 38 0 3434
3 75 5 3 8 09 3 8 62 3 9 16 3 9 69
4 29 0 4 34 3 4 3 97 44 5 0 4 5 03
4 8 23 4 8 76 4 9 29 498 2 5 03 5

53 53 5 4 06 5459 5 5 12 5 5 65
588 2 5 93 5 5 98 8 604 1 6 09 3
6 4 09 64 6 2 6 5 14 65 67 6 6 20
693 4 698 7 7 03 9 7 09 2 7 14 4
74 5 8 7 5 10 75 6 2 76 14 766 7

79 79 8 03 1 8 08 3 8 13 5 8 18 7
8 4 99 855 1 8 6 03 8 65 5 8 706
9 017 9 06 9 9 1 20 9 17 2 9 224
95 3 3 95 8 5 9 63 6 968 8 9 73 9
* 0047 *009 9 * 01 5 0 I “
O2OI ‘025 3

05 6 0 06 11 06 6 2 07 1 3 07 64
107 1 1 1 22 1 173 1 223 1 274
15 8 0 16 3 0 1 68 1 1 73 2 1 78 3
208 7 21 3 7 218 8 223 9 228 9
25 9 2 264 3 26 9 3 27 4 3 27 9 4

3 09 6 3 14 6 3 19 6 3 24 7 3 29 7
3 5 98 3 648 3 6 98 3 74 8 3 798
4 09 8 4 14 8 4 19 8 4 24 8 4 29 8
4 596 4 64 6 4 69 6 4 74 6 4 795
5 09 3 5 14 3 5 19 2 5 24 2 5 29 1

5588 5 638 5 68 7 5 73 6 5 78 6

6 08 2 6 13 1 6 18 0 6 229 6 27 9
65 73 6 6 22 66 7 1 6 7 21 6 7 70
7 06 3 71 12 7 16 1 7 21 0 7 25 9
75 5 2 7 6 00 76 4 9 76 9 8 7 74 6

8 03 8 8 08 7 8 13 5 8 18 4 8 23 2
8 5 23 8 5 72 8 6 20 8 6 68 8 7 17
9 007 9 05 5 9 1 03 9 15 1 9 19 9
94 8 8 95 3 6 9 5 84 9680
9968 *001 6 * 0064 * 01 1 2

04 4 7 04 9 4 05 4 2 05 9 0 063 8
09 7 1 1 019 1 06 6 1 114
13 9 9 14 4 6 14 9 3 15 4 1 15 8 8

18 7 2 1 9 19 19 6 7 2014 206 1
23 4 4 23 9 1 24 3 8 24 8 5 25 3 2

28 14 28 6 1 29 08 29 5 5 3 002
3 28 3 3 3 77 3 4 24 3 4 70

3 75 0 3 79 7 3844 3 8 90 3937
4 216 4 26 2 4 3 09 4355 4 4 02
4 68 0 4 773 4 8 19 4 8 65
 V . A D D I TI ON SU B T R ACTIO N LOGARITH M S
—
.

9 8 3 49 11 5 3 73 5 8 33 6 29 2 6 74 9 7 205 76 5 9 8 11 1 9 01 1
94 5 9 9 9 06 7 03 5 1 * 07 9 5 7 1 23 7 "1 6 7 7
II ll "21 1 6 * 25 5 4 "29 9 0
II ‘ 3 4 25

38 5 8 4 29 0 47 21 5 15 0 5 5 78 6 004 64 29 68 5 2 7 27 5 7 695
8 1 15 8533 8 94 9 9 3 65 9 7 78 ‘ 01 9 1 " llll" I I"
06 02 101 2 14 21 18 28
223 4 26 3 9 3 04 2 3 44 4 384 5 4 24 4 4 64 2 5 03 9 5435 5 8 29

6 222 6 6 14 7 005 7 3 94 778 2 8 16 9 8554 8 93 9 9 3 22 9 7 04

008 5 04 64 1 220 15 95 1 9 70 23 4 4 27 1 6 3 08 7 345 7
3 8 26 4 194 4 5 60 4 9 26 5 29 0 5 65 3 6 015 6 73 6 7 09 4
7 8 08 8 16 3 8 5 17 8 8 70 9 222 95 73 9 9 23 "
II II"
027 2 06 1 9
09 66 13 1 1 16 5 5 19 9 9 23 4 1 26 8 2 3 022 3 361 3 6 99 4 03 6

4 3 72 4 7 07 5 04 1 5 3 74 5 7 06 6 03 7 6367 669 6 7023 735 0

7 6 76 8 001 8 3 25 8 64 8 8 9 69 9 29 0 9 6 10 9 9 29 *024 7 II "
05 6 4
08 8 0 1 19 5 1 5 10 1 8 23 213 5 24 4 6 27 5 7 3 06 6 3 3 75 3 68 2

3989 4 29 5 4 6 00 4 9 03 5 206 5 5 09 5 8 10 6 11 0 6 4 09 6 7 08
7 006 75 9 8 789 3 8 18 7 84 8 0 8 773 9 06 4 93 5 5 9 64 4

993 3 ‘ 0221 "05 08

II * 1 08 0 * 1 3 65 “
1 64 9
l I "1 9 3 2 * 2214 * 24 9 5

27 7 5 3 05 5 3 3 34 3 6 12 3889 4 165 444 1 4 7 16 4 99 0 5 26 3

5535 5 8 07 6 07 7 6 6 17 68 8 5 74 1 9 7 68 5 79 5 1
8 21 5 8 4 79 8 74 2 9 004 9 26 5 9 5 26 9 78 6 II "
004 5 * 03 04 * 05 6 1
08 1 8 1 074 13 3 0 15 8 5 18 8 9 209 2 23 4 4 25 9 6 28 4 7 3 09 7

3347 3 5 96 3 8 44 4338 4584 48 30 5 07 4 5 3 18 5 5 62

5 8 04 6 04 6 6 28 7 6 5 28 6768 7 007 7 24 5 74 8 3 7 7 20 79 5 6
8 19 2 8 4 27 8 66 2 8895 9 128 93 61 95 9 3 9 8 24 "
005 4
II * 028
4
05 1 3 074 2 09 6 9 1 19 7 1 4 23 164 9 18 7 4 209 9 23 23 25 4 6
27 6 9 29 9 1 3 21 3 34 3 4 3 65 4 3 8 74 4 09 3 4 3 11 4 5 29 4 74 6

4 963 5 179 5 3 94 5 6 09 5 8 23 6 03 7 6 25 0 64 6 2 66 7 4 68 8 5

7 09 6 7 3 06 75 15 7 7 24 79 3 2 8 14 0 8 34 7 8554 8 760 8 9 65

9 1 70 9 3 74 9 5 78 9 78 1 99 8 4 * 01 8 6 * 03 8 7 * 05 8 8 "07 8 8
II I "
O9 SS
1 18 8 13 8 6 15 8 4 1 78 2 19 7 9 21 7 6 23 7 2 25 6 7 27 6 2 29 5 6
3 15 0 3 34 4 3536 3 7 29 3 9 20 4 111 4 3 02 44 9 2 4 68 2 48 71

5 06 0 5 24 8 5435 5 6 22 5 8 09 5 9 95 6 18 0 63 6 5 65 5 0 6734

6 9 18 7 101 7 28 3 74 6 5 7 64 7 7 8 28 8 008 8 18 8 8 368 854 7

9 78 7 996 2 * 013 7 *03 11
8 7 25 8 9 04 9 08 1 -
9 25 8 94 3 5 9 6 11

04 8 5 06 5 8 08 3 1 1 004 1 17 6 13 4 7 15 1 8 168 9 18 5 9 2028

21 9 8 23 6 6 25 3 5 27 03 28 7 0 3 03 7 3 203 3 3 69 35 35 3 7 00

3 8 65 4 029 4 193 4356 4 5 19 4 68 2 48 44 5 006 5 16 7 5 3 28

54 8 8 5 64 8 5 8 07 5 9 66 6 1 25 6 28 3 64 4 1 65 9 9 6 75 5 6 9 12

7 06 8 7 224 7 3 79 75 3 4 7 68 9 78 4 3 799 6 8 15 0 8 3 02 84 5 5

8 6 07 8 75 9 8 9 10 9 06 1 9 21 1 93 6 1 9 5 11 9 6 60 9 8 09 995 7

01 05 025 3 04 00 05 4 7 06 9 4 08 4 0 09 8 6 1 13 1 1 27 6 1 4 21

15 65 1 7 09 18 5 2 19 9 5 213 8 228 0 24 22 25 6 4 27 05 28 4 6

29 8 6 8 1 26 3 26 6 3 4 05 35 44 3 68 3 3 8 21 3959 4 09 7 4 23 4

4 3 71 4 5 07 4 64 4 4 7 79 4 9 15 5 05 0 5 18 4 5 3 19 5453 55 86

5 720 5 853 5 98 5 6 1 18 6 25 0 638 1 65 12 6 64 3 6 7 74 6 9 04

7 03 4 7 16 3 7 293 74 21 75 5 0 7 6 78 7 8 06 79 3 4 8 06 1 8 18 8

8 3 14 8 44 0 8 5 66 8 69 2 8 8 17 8 94 2 9 06 7 9 19 1 9 3 15 94 3 9

9 5 62 968 5 9 8 07 9 "
9 3 0 005 2
II * 029 5 l“
05 3 7 l "o65 7

07 78 08 9 7 1 01 7 1 13 6 1 25 5 13 7 4 14 9 2 16 1 0 1 7 28 18 4 5

19 6 2 207 9 21 9 6 23 12 24 28 25 4 3 26 5 9 27 7 4 28 8 8 3 003

3 1 17 3 23 1 3 344 345 8 3 5 71 3 68 3 3 79 6 3 9 08 4 020 4 13 1

l og a — log 6. log a + C = 10g (

a —
b) .
V . A D D I TI ON S U BTRACTIO N L OG A R I TH M Q
-

4 79 5 4 9 04 5 01 3 5 1 22 5 23 1 80 I N) 10)
17 15
5 984 6 09 1 619 7
69 3 3 7 03 8
79 63 8 06 4 8 166 8 3 67

8 9 66 9 06 5 9 1 64 9 26 3 93 6 1

984 8 994 5 ‘ 004 1 * 023 4 * 03 29

08 9 9 09 9 3 1 08 7 1 18 1 1 27 4
1 8 29 1 9 21 21 04 219 5
3 004 3 09 3
3 7 09 3 796 388 2 3 9 69

4484 4 5 69 4 6 54 4 73 9 4 8 23
5 3 26 5 4 09 54 92 5 5 74 5 65 7
6 14 7 6 228 63 8 9 64 6 9
69 4 7 7 026 7 1 05 7 18 4 7 26 2
78 05 78 8 2 7 95 9 8 03 5

8490 8 5 65 8 64 0 8 7 15 8 79 0
9 23 4 9 5 26
9 95 9 * 003 0 * 01 02 "o24 4
l

066 6 07 3 6 08 06 09 4 4
1 4 25 15 60 16 28

203 0 209 6 216 3 2229

26 8 7 28 1 7 28 8 1 29 4 5
3 39 1 3 5 18 3580
3 954 4 01 6 4 13 9 4 200
4 6 25 4 68 5 4 74 5

5 21 9 5 278 5 33 6

5 74 2 5 799 5857 5 9 14 5 97 1
6 3 09 6 3 65 6 4 21 64 77

69 1 8 69 7 2 7 027
74 04 74 5 7 7 5 10 7 5 64 76 17

79 3 2 79 8 4 8 08 7 8 13 9
8 4 97 8548 8 5 99 8 64 9
8 94 9 8 99 9 9 09 8 9 14 7
94 4 0 948 8 958 5 9 63 3
99 66 * 001 3 * 006 0 * 01 07

03 8 7 04 7 9 05 7 0
08 4 3 08 8 8 09 3 3 09 7 8 1 023

1 28 9 13 7 6 14 20 14 6 4

1 7 24 17 6 7 1 8 09 18 5 2 18 9 5

214 8 219 0 223 2 227 4

25 6 3 26 04 26 4 5 26 8 5
29 6 8 3 04 8 3 08 7 3 1 27
344 1

3 74 9 3 78 7 3 8 63

4 1 26 4 16 3 4 200 4 23 7 4 274

4 4 93 4530 4 5 66 4 6 02 4 63 8
4853 4888 4 9 23 4 994

5 23 8 534 1

5 546 5 580 5 6 13 5 64 7 5 68 1
5880 5 9 13 5 9 79 6 012

B= log a — log b
. log a + C = 10g (
a —
b) .
56 V . AD D I TI O N SU BTRACTIO N LOGAR I T H M S
-

6 07 7

B = log a —
log b
. log a + C = log (a —
b)
V . AD D ITIO N S U BTRACTIO N LOGAR I T H M S
-

8 65 3

l og a — l og 6
. l og a + C = 10g ( a —
b) .
VI . SI NE S AN D TA NGE N TS OF S M ALL A NGLE S . 59

(am A : w e (n "
10+ A)
”
10 u A A)

5 4 26
60 VI I . TRI GO N O M E TRI C FU N CTI O N S .

029 3 726 6017 .

4 7 5 6 2905 .
VI I . TRIGO N OM E TR I C FU N CTIO N S . 61

90966

6 9 16
62 VI I . TRI GO N O M E TRIC FU N CTI O N S .

. 08 490

08 78 1

04 018 04 016

. 04 07 1 99 917

8 8 00 . 99 868
 VI I . TRIGO N O M E TRIC FU N CTIO N S .

. 05 24 1 93 9 6 06 04
1 8 06 8 194
4 204 5 796
65 8 8 34 12
8 95 9 1 04 1

1 3 17 8 683
63 3 7
5 996 4 004
8 3 17 16 8 3
06 26 9 3 74 . 171

29 22 7 07 8
5 207
74 7 9 25 21
9 74 0 026 0 . 798
19 8 9 8 01 1

4 227 5 7 73 . 61 1
64 5 3 3547
8 668 13 3 2
08 7 2 9 1 28
3 06 5 6935

99 88 1 5 24 6 4 75 4
7 4 17 25 8 3
95 78 04 22
1 7 27 8 27 3 . 915
3 8 66 6 13 4

5 995 4 005
8 1 14 18 8 6
0222 9 7 78 . 58 7
23 20 768 0
5592

. 06 105 5 675 99 8 18 . 06 116 64 8 6 3 5 14

77 3 6 14 4 6
06 13 93 8 7 . 195
26 6 2 . 1 19
4 7 01 5 29 9

6 73 1 3 26 9
8 75 2 1 24 8
07 6 3 9 23 7
27 65 7 23 5
4 75 8 5 24 2

99 795 6 74 2 3 25 8
8 7 17 1 28 3
06 8 3 9 3 17
26 4 1 73 5 9
4589 54 11

6 5 29 34 7 1
846 1 15 3 9 .
03 8 4 9 6 16
2298 7 7 02
4 205 5 79 5

99 776 6 1 03 38 97
2008
9 8 74 01 26 . 795
1 74 8 8 25 2
3 6 13

5471 4 5 29
7 3 21 26 7 9
9 16 3 08 3 7
09 98 9 002
28 25 7 175

993 4 6 44 5356

8 mm .
64 VI I . TRIGO N O M E TRIC FU N CTIO N S .

. 06 976 3 585 . 06 998 4 64 4 809 5356

. 07 022 64 5 5
8 26 0 1 74 0
080 005 7 29 8 994 3
18 4 6 8 15 4

3 6 28 63 72
5 4 03 45 97
7 17 1 28 29
8 93 2 1 06 8
068 6 9 3 14

. 07 285 24 3 3 29 0 75 6 7
4 1 73 5 8 27
5 9 06 4 09 4
763 2 23 6 8
935 1 064 9 . 5 10

1 06 4 28 . 8 93 6
27 7 0
4 4 69

. 99 7 14

1 6 07

. 612

. 08 017

. 077

88 9 1 09 6
26 19

90 04 9 4

99 619 8 344 08 749 195 2

66 VI I . TRIG O N O M E TRIC FU N CTIO N S .

. 105 10 8 38 0
540 28 3 4 7 166
569 4 04 4 5 95 6
5 25 1 4 74 9
64 5 5 200 3545

76 5 5 23 4 5
885 2 1 14 8
004 6 9 95 4
1 23 7 8 76 3
775 24 25 7 5 75
99 421 1080
5 3 6 09 63 9 1
4 79 1 5 209
5 9 69 4 03 1
7 14 4 28 5 6
16 8 4

94 8 5 05 1 5
06 5 1 934 9
. 11 011 8 18 7
7 027
5 8 70

. 1 1 099 5 28 4 4 7 16
64 3 4 3 5 66
75 8 2 24 18
8 7 27 1 27 3
14 7 9 8 69 013 1
1 008 8 99 2
214 4 78 5 6
3 27 7 6 7 23
4 4 07 5 5 93
5 535 4 4 65

66 5 9 3 34 1
7 78 1 221 9
8 9 00 1 1 00
0016 9984
1 13 0 8 8 70

7 760
3348 665 2
445 3 5 54 7
5556 4444
665 5 3345

775 2 224 8
7 18 8 846 1 15 4
74 7 993 8 006 2
777 1 027 8 9 73
78 8 7

3 19 7 6 8 03
4 27 8 5 7 22

S I Q7
.
VI I . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU N CTI O N S .

. 12 278

12 5 74

65 4 6

63 8 4

. 18 017

. 18 10
5

18 461

21 9 7
VI I . TRI GONOM ETR I C F UNCT I ONS .

. 80 . 14 05 4 7 8 03 2 19 7
8 7 18 1 28 2
118 96 3 2 03 68
148 05 4 4 94 5 6 706
5 3 178 14 54 8 546

8 23 6 3 7 63 7 4 10
3 26 9 6 73 1
4 1 74 5 8 26 117
29 1 5 07 7 4 9 23
8 21 5 9 78 4 022

14 55 1 68 7 7 3 1 23
7 77 5 2225
410 8 67 1 13 29
9 5 65 04 3 5
8 470 04 5 7 9543 1 10

8 13 4 7 8 65 3
529 223 6 7 764
3 123 68 77
4 008 5 99 2
5 18 ,
48 9 2 5 108

8 14 648 5 7 74 4 226
5 678 66 5 4 3346 18 1
707 75 3 2 24 6 8
' s 757 8 4 09 15 9 1
2
9
757 9 28 4 07 16
015 7 9 84 3
1029 8 97 1
18 9 9 8 101 8 18
27 6 7 7 23 3
915 3 634 6 3 66

. 82 . 14 945 4 4 99 5 5 01
975 5 3 62 4 638 779
. 15 005 6 224 3 7 76
7 08 4 29 16 5 14
794 2 205 8

8 7 99 1 201
124 96 5 5 03 4 5 122
153 05 08 94 9 2
199 13 6 0 8 64 0
218 2211 778 9

15 248 3 05 9 6 94 1
. 82 '
272 3 9 07 6 09 3 478
4 75 2 5 24 8
3 8 5 597 44 03
8 64 3 9 3561 09 7

1 8 99 1 7 28 0 27 20
8 421 8 1 20 18 8 0
3 8 45 1 8 95 8 1 04 2 721
8 48 1 9 79 4 0206
8 5 11 06 29 93 7 1 4 72

3 8 15 5 10 8 538
8 570 229 4 7 7 06
3 8 3 1 24 6 8 76 105
3 95 3 6 04 7
4 78 0 5 220

5 6 06 4 3 94 78 7 .

719 64 3 0 3 5 70 6 17
749 7 25 3 27 4 7
779 8 074 19 26
8 8 94 1 106

9 7 13 028 7
 VI I . TRI GO N O M ETR I C FU NCT I ONS . 69

. 15 648 . 15 888 9 7 13 6 028 7

868 05 29 94 7 1
898 134 5 8 65 5
928 215 9 78 4 1
958 29 7 1
. 7 029
6 21 8
. 16 017 4 5 92 5 4 08
5 4 00
6 207 3 79 3
07 7 013 29 8 7

15 ” I . 16 18 7 7 8 17 218 3
8 6 19 13 8 1
9 4 20 05 8 0
0220 97 8 0
1 018 8 98 2

1 8 15 8 18 5
26 11 73 8 9
65 95
4 19 8 5 8 02
4 98 9 5 01 1

5 78 0 4 220
6 5 68 34 3 2
73 5 6 264 4
8 14 2 18 5 8
8 9 26 1 07 4

9 7 10 029 0
04 9 2 9 5 08
1 27 2 8 7 28
205 2 794 8
28 3 0 7 17 0
3 6 07 99 6 3 93
5 6 18
5 15 6 4 844
5 9 29 4 07 1
6 7 00 3 3 00

74 7 1 25 29
8 23 9 1 76 1
9 007 09 9 3
9 7 73 0227
05 3 9 94 6 1

4 7 13 8 1 3 02 86 9 8
206 5 79 3 5
28 26 7 1 74
35 86 6 4 14
4345 5 65 5

5 1 03 4897
58 59 4 14 1
6 6 14 3 38 6
17 021 73 68 26 3 2
8 1 20 18 8 0

17 888 8 8 72 1 1 28

03 7 1 9 6 29
1 1 18 888 2
1 8 65 8 13 5
26 1 0 73 9 0
3 3 54 6 64 6
4 09 7 5 9 03
4839 5 16 1
5 5 79 4 4 21 809

17 688 6 3 19 3 68 1
70 VI I . TRI GO N O M ETRI C F U N CTI ON S .

. 17 888 6 3 19 3 68 1
7 05 7 29 4 3
7 7 94 2206
85 30 14 7 0
9 26 4 07 3 6
9 99 8 0002
07 3 0 9 27 0
14 6 1 8539
21 9 1 7 8 09
29 20 7 08 0
3 64 8 635 2
4 3 74 5 6 26
5 1 00 4 9 00
. 18 5 8 24 4 1 76
65 4 7

7 26 9 273 1
7 99 0 2010
8 7 10 1 29 0
9 4 29 05 7 1
01 4 6 98 54 5

17 98 7 3 76 1 . 18 28 8 08 6 3 9 13 7
15 78 8 4 22
229 2 7708
. 18 028 3 005 69 95
3 7 17 6 28 3

5 5 72
4 8 62
4 15 3

. 19 016

. 19 186

19 43 8
 VI I . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU NCTI ONS . 71

. 19 08 1 . 98 188 19 4 7
19 22

050 14 4 8

19 98 7

97 8 75

. 21 018

3 769
3 14 7

97 8 15 04 04 74 7 5 25 25
V
L VI I . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU N C TI O N S .

. 97 8 15 74 7 5 25 25
8 09 5 1 9 05
8 7 15 128 5
93 34 06 6 6
9 95 3 004 7
94 3 0
1 18 7 8 8 13
18 03 8 19 7
24 1 8 75 8 2
3 03 3 69 6 7

21 560 3 64 6 63 5 4
4 25 9 5 74 1
48 7 1 5 1 29
54 8 2 4 5 18
6 09 3 3 9 07

6 7 02 3 29 8
73 1 1 268 9
7 9 19 208 1
8 5 27 14 7 3
9 13 3 08 6 7
9 13 9 026 1
03 4 4 965 6
09 4 8 9 05 2
15 5 2 84 48
215 5 78 4 5

27 5 7 7 24 3
3358 664 2
395 8 6 04 2
642 455 8 544 2
5 15 7 4 84 3

97 0
80 5 75 5
:
99 1 4 24 5
63 5 3 3 64 7
69 4 9 05 1
75 4 5 24 5 5
8 14 1 18 5 9

8 73 5 1 26 5
9 3 29 06 7 1
9 9 22 007 8
4 14 05 14 94 8 6
1 1 06 8 8 94

22 4 75 16 9 7 8 3 03
228 7 7 7 13
28 76 7 1 24
3 4 65 65 3 5
4 05 3 5 94 7

4 64 0 5 3 60
5 227 4 7 73
5 8 13 4 18 7

698 2 3 01 8

22 78 1 75 66 24 3 4
8 14 9 18 5 1
8 73 1 1 26 9
9 3 13 06 8 7
98 93 01 07
04 7 4 9 5 26
1 05 3 8 94 7
16 3 2 8 3 68
221 0 7 79 0
27 8 7 7 21 3

97 48 7 8 7 24 . 28 08 7 3 3 64
74 VI I . TRI GONO M E TRI C F UNCTI ON S .

8 117 118 .

. 24 192

. 96 994

24 4 74 . 96 959

96 887

96 8 15 25 862

. 26 017

25 820 96 74 2 . 26 172

96 667

96 598

SI N B B
.
 V II . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU N CT I O N S . 75

29 9 6 8 05 2 40 1 94 8
8558
9 08 2
95 8 8 04 3 4
007 0 99 3 0
. 26 022 05 7 3 9 4 27
1 07 5 8 9 25
. 97 018 15 7 7 8 4 23
207 9 7 9 21
25 8 0 74 20

. 26 168 96 5 17 . 27 107 3 08 0 8 9 20
3580 8 4 20
219 4 08 0 5 9 20
4 5 79 5 4 21
5 07 8 4 9 22

5 5 78 4 4 24
6 073 3 027
8 5 70 34 3 0
7 08 7 29 3 3
75 8 3 24 3 7

27 4 19 8 05 9 1 94 1
855 4 14 4 8
9 04 8 09 5 2
95 43 04 5 7
003 8 9 9 84

05 20 94 7 1
1 022 8 078
15 1 4 848 8
2008 7 99 4
24 9 7 7 5 03

26 194 96 8 68 07 700 298 8 7 01 2

3 4 79 6 5 21
3 98 8 6 03 2
44 5 8 554 2
4 94 7 5 05 3

54 3 5 45 85
4 07 7
84 1 1 3 589
88 98 3 1 02
00015 73 8 4 28 18

96 285 7 8 70 21 3 0
8356
8 84 1 1 15 9
9 3 28 007 08 74
9 8 10 01 00
029 4 9 7 08
07 7 7
1 28 0 8 74 0
1 74 3 8 25 7
2225 7 7 75

00000 27 08 7 29 4
3 18 7 6 8 13
3888
4 14 8 585 2
4 8 28 700 5 3 72

5 1 07 4893
55 88 707 4 4 14
8 08 4 3 93 6
8 54 2 34 5 8
7 019 29 8 1

96 126 675 74 9 6 25 04
 VI I . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU N CT I O N S .

. 27 564 . 96 126 . 98 675

. 28 011

. 98 128

95 799

. 8 0001

95 7 15

. 29 015

4 66 1

Sum s .
 VI I . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU NCTI ON S .

4 66 1
4 209
3 75 8
3 3 07
28 5 7

75 9 3 24 07
8 04 3 105 7
84 9 2 1 5 00
8 94 1 105 9
93 90 08 10

99 5 15 98 3 8 1 01 62
028 6 9 7 14
07 3 3 9 26 7
1 18 0 8 8 20
. 8 1 019 1 6 27 8 3 73

207 3 7 9 27
25 1 9 74 8 1
29 6 5 703 5
3 4 10 65 9 0
3854 6 14 6

. 8 1 210 4 299 40 5 7 01
4 74 3 5 25 7
5 18 6 4 8 14
5 63 0 4 3 70
6 07 3

6 5 15 348 5
69 5 7 3 04 3
73 9 9 26 01
. 8 0 015 78 4 1 215 9
8 28 2 1 7 18

8 1 58 0 8 7 22 85
9 163 08 3 7
9 6 03 03 9 7
004 2 995 8
04 8 1 9 5 19

09 20 9 08 0
13 5 9 8 64 1
1 79 7 8 203
223 5 7 765
26 7 2

3 1 09 68 9 1
3546 64 5 4
6 018
44 18 558 2
48 54 5 14 6

. 89 010 5 28 9 4 71 1
5 7 24 4 27 6
6 15 9 3 84 1 178
.

65 93 3 4 07
7 027 29 7 3

. 82 171 74 6 0 25 4 0
78 93 21 07
8 3 26 16 7 4
8 75 9 1 24 1
9 19 1 08 09
9 6 22
0054 9 94 6
04 8 5 9 5 15
09 16 9 08 4
134 6 8 65 4

1 77 6 8 224
78 VI I . TR I G ONOM E TR I O FU NCT I ONS .

St uns
.

17 76 8 224
2206 74 5 7 794
26 3 5
3 06 4 69 3 6
3 4 93 74 8 6 5 07

3 9 21 6 079
43 49 5 65 1
4 777 5 223
5 204 4 7 96
5 63 1 74 0 4 3 69

82 8 14 6 05 7 3 94 3
6 4 8 4 74 0 3 5 16
6 9 10 3 09 0
7 3 3 5 74 0 26 6 5
776 1 223 9

8 18 6 18 14
8 6 10 13 9 0
9 03 4 09 6 6
94 5 8 05 4 2
98 8 2 011 8
. 88 15 5 03 05 9 695
07 28 9 27 2
115 1 8849
1 5 73 8 4 27
19 9 5 8 005

24 1 7 75 8 3
28 3 8 7 16 2
3 25 9 6 74 1
3 68 0 6 3 20
4 1 00 59 0
0
4 5 20 5 48 0
4 94 0 5 06 0
5359 4 64 1
5 7 78 4 222
6 19 7 3 8 03

6 6 15 3385
7 03 3 296 7
74 5 1 25 4 9
78 68 21 3 2
8 28 5 1 7 15

8 7 02 1 29 8
015 9 1 19 08 8 1
. 70 813 95 3 5 04 65
. 79 88 1 9 95 1 004 9
03 6 6 963 4

07 8 1 9 219
1 196 8 8 04
3 4 010 16 1 1 8389
.
2025 79 7 5
24 3 9 75 6 1

. 79 . 84 115 28 5 3 7 14 7
3 26 6 6734
3 6 79 6 3 21
4 09 2 5 9 08
. 72 83 4 5 04 5 4 96

4 9 16 5 08 4
. 78 an 5 3 28 4 6 72
. 72 0
85 5 739 4 26 1
6 15 0 3850
«n 65 6 1

26 4 2 48 8 69 7 2 3 028

Sw a n
.
VI I . TRI GONO M E TRI C FU NCT I ONS .

69 72 3 028
73 8 2 26 18
779 2 2208
8 202 6 . 1 79 8
8 6 11 13 8 9

506 9 020 09 8 0
628 9 4 29 05 7 1 8 78
66 1 98 3 7 01 6 3 85 1
696 024 5 975 5
726 06 5 3 93 4 7 797

8 4 758 8 939
791 14 6 8 8532 748
18 7 5 8 125 716
228 1 7 7 19 689
268 8 73 12
3 09 4 6 9 06 68 6
34 99 6 5 01
98 7 3 9 05 6 09 5
85 020 4 3 10 5 69 0
4 715 5 28 5

. 85 065 5 1 19 488 1
118 55 2 4 4 4 76 4 76
150 5 9 28 4 07 2
188 633 1 3 669 4 28
216 6 73 5 3 265 897

7 13 8 28 6 2 8 70
28 1 75 4 0 24 6 0
8 14 79 4 3 205 7 8 18
834 5 1 65 5 29 1
8 79 8 74 7 1 25 3 265

85 4 12 9 14 9 08 5 1
95 5 0 04 5 0 218
477 99 5 1 004 9 187
510 03 5 2 9 64 8 16 1
07 5 2 9 24 8 185

5 75 1 15 3 8 84 7 109
15 5 2 8448
64 1 19 5 2 8 04 8 05 7
674 23 5 1 7 64 9 08 2
707 27 5 0 7 25 0

85 740 3 14 9 68 5 1
772 3548 11 0
3 64 5 2 055
3 94 6 6 05 4
4 3 44 5656
4 74 1 5 25 9 8 78

5 13 9 48 6 1
98 7 5536 4 4 64 827
5 933 4 06 7 801
86 002 6 3 29 3 67 1 76
6 7 25 3 27 5 75 1

. 86 068 7 1 21 28 7 9
101 7 5 17 24 8 3 700
184 7 9 13 208 7 675
167 8 3 08 169 2
109 8 7 03 1 29 7 625

28 2 9 09 7 09 03
94 9 1 05 09 5 75
298 98 85 01 1 5
88 1 027 9 9 7 21
06 7 3 9 3 27

8 6 897 8 93 4

8 111 113 .
 VI I . TRIGO N O M E TRIC FUN CT I O N S .

Sums .

. 98 969

84 475 . 8 0727

. 87 05 7

4 276

8 7 720

. 8 8 058

8 137 8 8 .
82 VI I . TRI GO N O M ETRI C F UNCT I ONS .

. 8 7 4 61

6 68 9

634 4

4 1 018

. 4 1 08 1

25 3 5

92 8 5 8 5 6 15 4 1 421
3 14 5 8 77

8 8 58 7

8 8 8 05

18 0
678

. 3 9 078

N5 7. Lo g . l . Na t . Log . l . Na t .

006 78 178 . 8 19728 . 007 11 770 178 7 8 .

 VI I . TRI GONO M ETRI C FU NCTI ON S . 83

8 9 078
. . 4 2 4 17
-
78 5 2 85 214 8
17 9 7
5 16 85 54 14 4 6
8 9 05 1 09 5
585 9 25 5 07 4 5
619 9 6 06 03 94
995 6 004 4
668 03 06 9 694
06 5 6
1005 8 995

42 79 1 13 5 5 8 64 5
1 7 04 8 28 6
205 3 7 94 7
24 02 75 98
275 0
3 09 9 80 6 9 01
344 7 65 5 3
3 79 5 6 205
5857
44 90 5 5 10

. 48 186 4838 5 16 2
5 18 5 4 8 15
553 2 44 68
5 8 79 4 1 21
6 226

6 5 7 2 55 8 3 4 28
6 9 19 3 08 1
7 26 5 27 3 5
76 1 1 23 8 9
79 5 6 57 7 204 4

. 8 9 875 8 3 02 1698
8 64 7 13 5 3
8 99 2 1 008
933 7 06 6 3
9 68 2 03 18

0027 9 9 73
03 7 1 9 6 29
07 16 9 28 4
1 06 0 8 94 0
14 04 57 2 8 5 96

. 4 0 14 1 174 7 8 25 3
209 1 7 9 09
24 3 4 75 66
277 7 7 223
3 120 68 8 0

. 44 001 65 3 7
53 0 6 19 4
585 2
5 5 10
5 16 8

9 1 4 72

3 1 19
27 78
24 3 8
209 7
17 5 7

8583 14 1 7
84 V II . TRI GO N O M ETRI C FU N CT I O N S .

528 8 5 83
8 9 23 107 7
9 26 3 073 7
9 6 02 03 9 8
99 4 2 005 8
69 7 028 1 9 7 19 878
06 20 93 8 0
09 5 9 9 04 1
1 29 7 8 7 03 826
1 63 6 5 m 8 364

44 872 19 7 4 8 026 2222

23 1 2 76 8 8 963
942 26 5 0 735 0 an
29 8 8 7 01 2
. 45 012 3 3 26 6 6 74 216

3 663 63 3 7 199
4 000 6 000 1a
4337 5 6 63 165
4 6 74 5 3 26 148
5 01 1 4 98 9 180

5 348 4 65 2
5 68 4 4 3 16
6 020 3 98 0
63 5 6 3 64 4
66 9 2 3 3 08

7 028 29 7 2
7 3 64 26 3 6 011
76 9 9 23 01
8 03 4 19 6 6 977
8 3 69 16 3 1

8 7 04
9 03 9 09 6 1
9 3 73 06 27
9 7 08 029 2
004 2 995 8 87 6

03 7 6 9 6 24
07 1 0 9 29 0
1 04 3 8 95 7
13 7 7 8 6 23
17 10 8 29 0

9 08 75 204 3 7 95 7
23 7 6 7 6 24 758
27 09 7 29 1 742
4 009 ) 3 04 2 695 8
3 3 75 6 6 25 708

3 7 07 6 29 3
4 03 9 5 96 1 675
4 3 71 5 6 29
4 7 03 5 29 7
5 03 5 4 96 5

90758 . 4 6 277 5 3 66 4 6 34
5 69 8 4 3 02
6 029 3 971 576
63 60 3 64 0
66 9 1 3 3 09

7 021 29 7 9 527
73 5 2 26 4 8 510
7 6 8 2 5 52 23 18
8 01 3 1 98 7 478
8 343 16 5 7 46 1

90 68 1 4 6 68 1 8 6 73
VII . TRIGONO M E TRIC FU NCTI O N S . 85

. 90 68 1 . 4068 1 8 67 3 2
.

9 002 50 099 8
933 2 06 68
9 66 1 03 3 9
9 99 1 0009
03 20 9 68 0
064 9 93 5 1
09 7 7 9 023
13 06 8 694
163 5 8 3 65
985 1 9 63 8 03 7
229 1 7 7 09
26 1 9 73 8 1
294 7 7 05 3
3 27 4 6 7 26

3 602 63 9 8
3 9 29 6 07 1
4 25 7 5 74 3
45 8 4 5 4 16
4911 5 08 9
4 7 841 5 23 7 4 7 63
5 5 64
5 8 90
6 217
65 4 3

6 8 69
7 1 94 28 06
75 20 24 8 0
78 4 6 215 4
8 17 1 1 8 29

47 008 8 4 96 15 04
8 8 21 1 179
9 14 6 08 5 4
94 7 1
9 7 95 0205
01 20 98 8 0
95 5 6
07 68 9 23 2
1 09 2 8 9 08
48 019 14 16 85 84

1 74 0 8 26 0
206 3 40 793 7
23 8 7 7 6 13
27 1 0 7 29 0
3 03 3 69 6 7

3356 664 4
3 6 79 6 3 21
4 001 5 99 9
4 3 24 5 676
4 64 6 5 3 54

48 4 14 4 9 68 5 03 2
5 29 0 4 7 10
5 6 12 43 8 8
5 93 4 4 06 6
6 25 5 3 74 5

6 5 77 3 4 23
6 8 98 3 102
7 21 9 27 8 1
75 4 0 24 6 0
78 6 1 213 9
80 87 9 3 66 0 78 8 18 2 1 8 18
 VII . TRI GO N OM ET RI C FU N CTI O N S .

. 48 $7 . 48 778

4 78

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1 22 IX . P RI M E A ND CO MP OSITE NU M B E RS .

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 IX P RI M E A N D COM P OSI TE NUM BE RS
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1 24 IX . P R I M E AN D CO M P O SITE N UM B E RS .

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126 IX . P R I M E AN D CO M P O SIT E NU M BE RS .

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1 28 IX . P RI M E A N D COM P OS I TE N UM B E RS .

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13 0 IX . P R I M E A ND CO M P O SITE N U M BE RS .

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log 029 09 5 7 .
 IX . P R I M E A ND CO M P OSIT E N UM BE RS . 13 1

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log 07 0004 3 .
13 2 IX . P R I M E A ND CO M P OSIT E N U M B E R S .

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log 029 9 9 5 7 . log 5 . 5 9 09 70004 3 .

 IX . P R IM E A N D CO M P OSIT E N UM BE R S .

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11 0 5 03

9
3 0
178 9 206 906 7929 3 0
7 13 5 9 8 9 18 ]
0 0 0
13 0
1 27 7 220186 5679 220291 1857 17 9 77 0

207 122 49 77 3 0
4 1 13 1 0
7 1 227 0
3 7 44 9 0
3 0
29 1 9 1 0

“
3 9 9
7 0
47 23 0
7 01 207 558 5859 1 27 1 1 15 1 1 0
3 0
18 4 7 13 0
1279 3 0
23 -
24 1

3 0
19 0
28 3 13 0
1 7 73 0
220918 8 686 22097058 75 1 27 0
13 1 7 23 7 70

207 98 048 75 3 538 1

0
6 7 24 1 0
3 7 7 69
0 0
3 7 0
43 9
11 17 8 9 0 0 3 0
3 1 179 0
221 8 88 1588

3 1 5 21 0
29 5 5 7 0
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7 1 3 6 1 221 595 785 7
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0
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221 701 0644 19 8 7 7 0
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0
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3
1 03 1 5 7 0
3 0
5 99 7 23 1 10
3 53 93
0
3 0
5557 222 018 7502 13 0
1 28 3
1 1 14 7 1 0 209 166 8067 209 220028 1 7 23 8 3
0
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9
17 95 3 0
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11 491 0
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7 9 0
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13 0
29 4 3 0 209 9705 157 17 0
98 3 7 3 229 0
3 0
5 5 73
3
3 0
5 4 07 21019 1 1582 3 0
6 01 210291 7508 23 0
7 27 7 23 8 90
43 389 0
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7 73 13 0
1 24 9 3 5 4 13
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210826 6887 228 78 1 8 954 3 558 1 0
228

3 0 5 4 17 210988 585 4 3 0
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7 23 9 3
0
11 0
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1 28 9 224 248 1010

7 230 0
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53 0
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7 3 223 0
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3 5 0
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1 29 1 224 978 0904 1 03 0
1 63
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9
212 214 24 74 7 17 1 3 7
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3
19 8 5 9 0
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0
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0
3 0
7 89 0
3 0
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225 05 8 8 104
9 9
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219 225 4728 225 109 9200 3 0
3 1 18 1 0
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3 5 44 9 0
218 491 1998 1 1 15 3 1 0
226 4 19 44 86 1 7 99 1 0
7 29 8 30 0

83 0
19 7 1 1 14 8 7 0
3 0 7 19 4 1 0 0
3 4 1 13 7
0 0
19 8 8 7 0
23 0
73 3
218 809 844 6 13 0
1 25 9 214 022 148 7 13 0
1 29 7 3 0
7 11 7 3 0 0
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3 0
5 6 23

3 9 0
1 7 1 07 7 23 3 9
0 0 3 0
53 0
1 03 1 1 14 8 9 0
227 140825 4 4 7 359 0
7 24 1 1
0
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214 8 404 108 3 430 0

1 27 7 23 4 10
3 3 0
6 07 3 0
17 33 1 0
3 0
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9
3 7 443 0 13 0
97 19 8 6 3 0
7 1 9 1 27
0 0
6 1 277 0
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13 1

9
3 0
7 11 71 4 7 349
0 0 0 3 0
1 8 23 6 1 269 0
227 9 12 4018 227 958 79 15 1 1 29 5 3 0 0
3 7 457 0

7
215 185 0455 3 5471
0
215 298 7982 3 0
1 3 4 21 0
3 0
18 7 9 13 0
13 01 3 5 63 9
0
7 24 17
0

215 999 5011 1 1 14 9 3

0
215 558 25 71 7 23 4 7
0
228 425 0255 3 0
5 64 1 228 5 79 9942

3 0
5 4 77 215 715 0552 3 0
5 4 79 17 96 7 0
228 5 82 5097 7 4 1 590 0
228 88 5 48 75 1 3 13 03 0

4 1 4 01 0 3 0
548 3 3 0
5 64 7 228 99 08 108 1 7 99 7 0

216 192 8 024 216 245 09 77 7 23 5 1 0

1 09 1 5 1 0
1 1 23 0 0
67 3 5 65 10
3 1 54 7 0
3 5 65 3
0

11 0
3 9 0
3 1 59 0 1 01 16 3 0
3 0
1 1 4 99 0
43 0
383 7 24 23
0
229 502 5 521 19 47 7 1 23 9 0

9
7 130 0
18 1 3 0
17 0 19 215 8 7014 17 3 0
5 65 7 11 1 5 4 3 0
3 5 65 9
0
229 912 1088
3
215 988 5594 53 0
3 11 217 14 1 5979 1 1 14 9 9 0
229 968 2620 3 0
17 3 7 0
28 0116 6868 3 7 8 09
0 0

3
3 0
23 0
23 9 217 299 6590 3 0
13 4 7 0
7 23 5 7
0
13 0
1 3 07 28 02700574 23 7 3 9 0
8 9 191 0

log 029 9 9 5 7 . 10g 9 70004 3 .

 IX . P RI M E A N D CO M P OSITE N U M B E RS . 13 5

3 3 0
18 8 9 P 347 0
3 0
5 65 9 7 3 23 3 0
11 87 430 0
23 7 6 1 0
7 4 1 61
0 0
2
4 9 25 1 8427
9
250729 8445 3 53 0 0
107 7 1 1 1 3
0 0 0
17 3 0
3 1 61 0 3 0
13 4 4 9 0
83 0
21 1 3 5839
0
248 5 008 125
290985 0717 29 5 8 7 0
29 1 188 15 50 28 1 189 145 5 7 25 03
0
8 8 0
11 5 9 0
1 7 1 03 1
0 0
3 5 843 0

3 0
7 8 11 0
25 1 29 1 145 4 1 1 15 4 9 0
4 7 3 73 0
8 9 19 7 0
13 0
19 7 1 0
244 004 8 28 1
9
25 1 49 5 0754 3 0
13 0
1 9 23 25 1 547 9512 3 5 6 8 3
0 0
8 0
19 4 9 58 33 1 0
3 0
5849 7 23 1 09
0 0

9
28 1 8007921 3 7 4 61 0
7 24 3 70
3 585 1
0
9 7 18 10
3 0
195 1
9
1 13 0
15 1 3 5 68 90
13 0
1 01 1 7 1 03 3 0
7 13 193
0 0
1 1 15 9 7 0
244 74 7 0428
9
43 0
3 97 3 0
7 27 1 0
222 4 11 5 78 4 3 0
5 693 3 0
5 85 7 090 244 994 155 1

19 0
29 3 1 0
1 1 15 5 3 0
7 24 4 10
23 0
74 3 245 048 5 78 9 3 0
58 61 4 3 4 09 0
3 0
1 1 13 4 1 0 0

3 4 0
21 1 282 8 18 2925 3 4 1 13 9
0 0
28 2 9707129 7 3 24 1 0 24 5 45 8 5540 245 48 7 99 18

9
3 5 7 01
0
288 178 85 54 3 0
1 9 01 3 0
58 87 29 6 07 0
3 5 8 69
0
245 75 4 6985

7 1 24 1 0
1 09 0
15 7 288 427 65 07 1 7 19 5 3 0 0
1 1 1 6 01 0
7 9 223 0
3 7 839 0 0

9
3 0
13 43 9 0
7 24 4 70
6 7 26 3 0
24 5 079 84 12 24 5 175 4045 17 0
61

3 7 4 63 0
3 0
5 7 11 288 984 7967 3 0
29 0
19 7 3 3 0
65 3 7 110 0 9 29 3 0
5 8 79 3 1 5 69 0

6 1 28 1 0
7 3 1 79
0 0
13 0
13 1 9 1 1 15 5 9 0
13 0
23 0
59 3 0
588 1 7 25 21
0

3 0
5 717 1 7 1 009 0
3 7 01 9 4 3 28 4 49 1 974 2
0 0
1 9 9 29 0
1 27 1 3 9 0
245 915 9170 240955 1055
?
294 594 4071 3 59 97 0 0
3 7 29
0 0
1 7 1 03 9 0
24 7 211 9707

7 1 1 223
0 0
13 0
1 3 21 8 9 19 3 0
4 1 4 19 0
41 43 1 0
3 430 0
13 7 1 1 1 6 07 0
3 0
71 83 0

9
3 0
23 0
83 28 5 098 9901 3 0
17 3 3 7 0
28 5 25 06 1 16 24 7 505 8241 24 7 555 9459 23 7 6 9 0

285 8 01 1408 3 0
1 1 5 21 0
29 5 9 3 0
3 5897
0
13 0
13 61 3 17 3 4 7
0 0
1 1 1 6 09 0

1 03 0
167 3 1 571 0
248 144 9878 3 5 9 030

3 0
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0
6 7 25 7 0
8 9 19 9 0
248 292 1225 7 25 3 1
0
1 3 29 4 7 0 0

17 0
1 013 3 5 74 1
0
7 23 1 07
0 0
3 0
5 7 13 0
3 7 4 79 0
3 0
19 3 1 1 0
248 684 24 00

28 6 8 104824 19 9 07 0
1 1 15 6 7 0
28 6 5 12 0697 7 1 7 14 9
0 0
3 0
23 0
25 7 3 5 0
73
3 0
7 8 21 0
4 3 4 01 0
3 5 74 90
47 367 0
1 13 0
15 7 1 1 1 6 13 0
24 9 124 9498 249 178 8894

5 9
13 0
1 3 27 3 0
71 28 5 955 299 1 3 0
1 1 5 23 0 3 0
6 1 97 0
4 1 43 3 0
3 0
1 9 73 7 43 59 0 0

4 1 4 21 0
6 1 28 3 0
31 557 0
7 24 6 70
249 467 4 148 3 0
31 0
19 1 1 09 0
163 3 0
5 9 23
1
3 1 0
19 0
1 01 23 0
75 1 3 0
13 4 4 3 0
3 7 467 0
13 0
13 6 7 7 25 3 9
0
29 6 1 3 0
23 7 7 30

7 2
11 0
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7 8 23 0
5 9 29 3 4 3 5 9 27
0
250005 0285 3 0
7 0
11 25 015 1 585 1
9 2
297 820 1108 297 8 7084 15 7 0
353 28 8 02099 87 2502008597 13 0
37 3 0
17 34 9 0

3 3
3 0
7 3 79 0
11 0
13 3 0
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7 25 4 3
0
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25 0590758 7 1 1 1 6 19 0

9
7 0
24 7 3 3 0
29 0
199 28 8 4 72 6569 3 0
23 0
25 1 3 0
1 9 79 4 7 379 0
3 0
5 93 9 1 03 0
1 73
9
28 8 5 72 96 17 1 7 1 019 0
28 8 728 3 754 13 3 1 4 3 0 0
7 1 25 1 0
3 0
13 4 5 7 0
25 1 078 2545 3 0
7 28 3 0

288 8 7 8 78 70 3 0
5 77 9 7 24 7 70
1 1 1 6 21 0
1 7 1 04 9 0
251 821 8 128 25 1 8 705 055
9 3
28 9 074 1882 3 0
4 1 47 0
1 1 19 8 3 0 0
3 0
5 78 3 3 0 19 3 1 3 0
7 25 4 9
0
3 0
66 1 13 0
13 7 3

28 9 8 24 5098 7 3 7 67
0 0
1 7 1 021 0
28 9 524 7082 25 1 66255 00 3 0
11 5 4 1 0
7 25 5 1
0
3 0
5 95 3
3 3 0
64 3 9 7 17 9 0
3 0
7 8 27 0
1 1 15 79 0
53 337 0
25 1 95 4 8982 17 0
105 1 1 07 0
16 7
1
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0
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19 3 1 3 0
7 23 3 7 6 1 29 3
0 0 0
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9
7 13 0 0
19 1 240 124 78 02 240224 55 41 240274 5075 25 2 8 91 8052 3 0
19 8 7 3 1 5 77 0
3 0
67 8 9 0

9
3 0
1 1 1 7 3 1 2408 74 4970 3
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1 1 16 27 0 7 25 5 7
0

240 574 2070 3 0 5 8 01 13 9 0

1 03 3 0
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25 2925 8 117 3 4 7 1 27
0 0
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9
23 0
75 7 1 1 15 8 3 0
24 1 028 2192 25 8 119 888 9 3 0
7 853 0
1 9 23 4 1 0 0
3 0
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3 0
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13 1 3 0
37 0
15 7 29 5 01 0
258 8 52 2908 258 4 107048 7 13 1 9 7
0 0
255 555 05 72

21 1 8 22 8 029 7 4 7 530 0
3 5 8 13
0
3 430 0
13 9 7 9 227 0
255 798 2299

107 -
15 3 211 521 1808 7 3 23 9 0
24 1 7705 425 7 1 1 23 3
0 0
3 5 98 1
0
13 1 13 7 0
3 3 1 19 3
0 0

9 9
3 0
7 27 7
0
3 1 5 63 0
3 0
1 1 23 0
13 0
1 7 79 0
29 6 1 9 0
13 0
13 8 1 254 288 7827 25 4 282 1505

19 9 19 0
3 5 8 21
0
24 2218 8 202 3 8 0
64 7 3 0
5 98 7 1 1 23 0 0
71 3 0
53 0
1 13 7 17 15 1
0 0

242 8 17 755 7 1 01 1 7 3 0
24 2 4 55 8852 7 1 1 227
0 0
25 4 5 722449 25 4 717 218 4 3 0
13 4 6 1 0

9
3 5 8 27
0 24 2 5 15 9575 242 754 9778 25 4 8 18 84 10 7 0
3 67 254 955 784 7 25 5 007 0218
3
249 8 14 5898 3 7 0 0
17 24 2 90
8 5 9 18 3 0
19 3 07 0
3 9 0
19 9 9 19 94 7 0
3 0
7 85 7
0
4 1 439 0

log 029 9 9 5 7 . log 5 _ 9 7 0004 3 .

36 IX . P RIM E A N D CO MP O SIT E NU M BE RS .

47 883 0 3 17 3 5 3
0 0
1 1 15 8 7 0 3 7 58 1
0 0
257 242 1455 3 3 1 19 9
0 0
8 3 223 0

7 3 1 83
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257 55 4 4017 257 711 5 257 97 1 1 0

9
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0 0

256 808 7401 256 405 0188 255 105 1550 3 0 7 883 0
1 7 109 1 0
3 4 0
229

3 11 54 7
0 0
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0
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14 27 255 4 14 144 5 7 1 1 24 1
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5 7 27 70

7
256 741 7920 7 29 8 9
0 0 3 0
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23 25 9 0
19 9 7 7 0
3 0 205 3 3 1 5 990

7
1 7 1 06 3
0
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0 0
25 7 120858 0 1 01 -
17 9 7 0 3 79 3 4 1 15 1
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0
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3 3 7 163
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0

23 7 8 70
4 3 4 210
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0

3 6 03 7
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255 154 2250 3 7 5 030
7 25 5 9
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258 182 1004 3 7 8 63

0 0
258 525 9847 3 6 04 3
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1 1 1 69 3
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258 421 7579 25 8 409 05 10 7 25 9 10 1 1 17 9 7 0 0 3 1 6 010
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0
270876 0052
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23 26 3 0
258 852 7000 7 26 63
0
103 1 8 1 0
29 6 4 3 0
1 7 109 7
0

7 25 9 3
0
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0
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591 4 7 39 70

1 1 13 0 0
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3 7 49 1 0 259 88 1 0249 270204 0120 3 0
5 221 1 1 15 9 7 0
3 7 0
7 0
1 27
1 7 1 06 9
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19 9 8 3 0
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55 5521
259 6 17 7568 3 0
1 1 1 9 29 1 3 13 9 9
0 0 0 3 0
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0

9
25 0856 5 789 7 23 1 1 3
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0
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13 1 13 9 271 864 8802 5 9 3 17 13 14 3 9 53 353
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0

260888 79 3 0
13 4 67 0
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17 3 6 7 0
272282 6548
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0 0 0
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3 7 1 1 79
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0
272 889 1052 208 3 272 978 109 1

201 28000
51 201 054 2595 201 4204 150 19 0 31 ’
1 7 1 103 0 3 7 19 4 7 278 168 8 784
0 0 0

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13 7 ’

7
‘

3 5 001
0
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8 9 21 10

101 1 8 1 0 4 7 389 0
202 1424049 202189 9599 7 268 3
0
208 7 278 85 7 485 4 3 6 26 3
0

3 0
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0 0 0
3 90
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278 996 1188 274 088 5 4 14 1 1 1 7 09
0

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6 1 01 2005 17 18 15 3 0
17 3 5 9 0 3 00
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5 25 9 7 268 7
0

262 718 0096 266 759 495 4 13 0

1 4 09 7 26 1 7
0
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3
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17 8 3 0 7 2621 0 5 9 3 11 0
8 3 227 0
3 11 5 7 1
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3 5 1 103
0 0

1
203 0 20 21 1 1 1 15 5 9 7 26 9 3 1 7 1109 1 09 0 1 7 3
3 0 0707 040 8
20
0 0 0 0 0 0
275 5 18 5505

7 48 5 1
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0 m oss m 9 43 4 5 7 3 6 28 7
0
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0

254 102 7072 1 0 05 7 0

1 7 23 4 7 0 0
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16 7 43 439 0 3 0 7 29 3 !
0 0

4
3 0
11 55 7 0 3 1 5 93 0
8 0
227 7 8 7 71
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7 9 23 9 0
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58 847 0
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0 24 1 747 0054 3 6 13 3
0 7 26 99
0 3 0 6 299 275 488 8 15 1

7 1 1 23 9
0 0
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4 1 461 0 3 6 3 01
0 7 3 7 73
0 0

3 0
1 7 19 0
* m 124 5 002 3 7 8 770 0
1 13 0
16 3 276 714 4946 276 7604226 276 852 2688 276 898 1772

3 6 14 3
0
3 0
7 17 5 3 1 27 14 9
0 0 0
23 8 23 0

7 26 3 3
0 255 590028 1 103 0
17 9 205 78 7 9548 1 1 1 7 21 0
3 63 11
0 29 6 5 3 0 3 0
5 9 107 0

3 3 0
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11 1 3 4 3 19 9 7 1
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13 3 1 4 7 0 0 1 9 99 7 0
277 540455 1 7 2707
0

2000100080 3 0
6 15 1 255 101 1122 3 0
6 3 17 1 1 1 7 23 0 3 71 89
0 0 277 8 15 4266

260255 2228 3 7 499 0

5 9 3 13 0
1 1 23 7 3 0 0
6 7 28 3 0 13 0
14 5 9 3 6 3 23
0

3 470 0
13 1 1 7 1 08 7
0
6 1 3 11 0 278 18 6 0067 7 27 1 1
0
278 276 82157

200725 4670 3 0
6 1 1 01 0
7 19 1 3 9
0 0 3 6 16 3
0
3 5 0
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3 6 3 29
0
1 7 1 1 17
0

20
7 007 0007 5 3 349 0
13 0
14 23 7 27 13
0
3 0
13 4 8 7 0

log 029 9 9 5 7 . log 5 9 7 0 004 3 .

13 8 X . SQU ARE S .
x SQU ARE S .
10 XI . C U B ES .

. 001 . 008 . 027 . 06 4 . 1 25 . 216 . 343 . 5 12 . 7 29

28
1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 1 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 268 502 5 5 . 5 5 5
5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 38 7 6
6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 13 19 13 13
13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15

15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17
17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19
19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21
21 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24
24 24 24 25 25 25 6 7 25 26 26 26

27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 29

29 30 30 30 30 31 31 0
32 32

32 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 35 35

35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38
39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42

42 43 43 43 44 44 45 45 45 45
46 47 47 47 48 48 49 49 49 50

50 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54

54 55 55 56 56 57 57 57 55 55

59 59 60 60 61 61 52 52 53 53

64 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68

68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 73 73
74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78
79 80 80 81 82 82 83 84 84

85 85 86 86 87 88 88 89 89 90

91 91 92 92 93 94 94 95 96 96

97 97 98 99 99 1 00 5 4 5 1 01 19 5 101 8 4 8 102 5 03 1 03 16 2

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