USCP Summative Notes

1. Kinship by Blood:
● Family - the basic social institution, and primary group of society.
● Kinship -web of social relationships
● Descent - origin or background of a person, family or nationality.
2. Marriage
➢ an important institutional element of the family.
➢ According to Bowman, people marry for combined reasons: love, economic and
emotional security.
➢ On August 3, 1988 the Family Code of the Philippines - defines marriage as a special
contract of permanent union between a man and a woman.
➢ Minimum age for marriage is 18 years but parental consent is necessary for those
below 21 years.
➢ 2 aspects of marriage:
1. Contract - applies to a man and woman only. It’s permanent.
2. Status - once the contract of marriage is legal.
Forms of Marriage
1. Monogamy - take only one spouse at a time.
2. Polygamy - plural marriage
a. Polygyny - marriage of a one man to two or more women.
b. Polyandry - marriage of a woman to two or more men.
Selection of Marriage Partners
1. Endogamy - marry within one’s clean or ethnic group.
2. Exogamy - can marry outside one’s clan or ethnic group.
3. Levirate - widow marries the brother or nearest kin of the deceased husband.
4. Surrogate - widower should marry the sister or nearest kin of the deceased wife.
Why People Marry
1. Love
2. Economic security
3. Common interest
4. Parenthood
5. Escape from loneliness
6. Common interest
 7. Parenthood
8. Physical attraction
9. Compatibility
10. Marital bliss & happiness
11. Unhappy home situation
12. Money
13. Companionship
14. Protection
15. Adventure
16. Sex and sexual attraction
17. Begetting and rearing of children
18. Acceptance and responsibility
19. Death of a former spouse
20. Care and nurturance
FAMILY STRUCTURE
1. Based on Internal Organization or Membership
a. Nuclear family - husband and his wife and their children in a union.
b. Extended family - two or more nuclear families.
2. Based on Descent - family genealogical ties of a person.
a. Bilateral descent - the father’s and mother’s families.
b. Patrilineal descent - father’s family only.
c. Matrilineal descent - mother’s family only.
3. Based on Residence
a. Patrilocal - married couple live with or near the husband’s family.
b. Matrilocal - husband lives near his wife’s family.
c. Neolocal - they reside independently.
d. Bilocal - either the groom or bride’s parents.
4. Based on Authority - decision-making is vested in the family.
a. Patriarchy - vested in the oldest male in the family, often the father.
b. Matriarchy - vested in the mother or the mother’s kin.
c. Equalitarian or egalitarian - husband and wife has equal amount of authority,
d. Matricentric - vested in the mother due to prolonged absence of the father.
Politics
- Process of making decisions for all members of each group.
- Distribution of power and resources
- “Theory, art, and practice of government”
State
- Has the legal authority or right to make rules
- Political institution which possesses sovereignty
- Has perpetual existence of 4 element - People, Territory, Government and Sovereignty
Government
- An institution in which a community organizes individual and collective welfare.
- Political organization:
● Police power - moral right of the government to promulgate laws
● Power of Eminent Domain - can expropriate private property of just compensation.
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
1. Autocracy
- single absolute ruler
- An autocracy government is ruled by a King, a Monarch, a Despot or Dictator.
- Makes, executes, and interprets the law.
Totalitarian - a government or a state
2. Oligarchy
- The power is in the hands of the few.
- Oligarchs or Aristocrats who govern for their own interests
3. Democracy
- Popularly known as a Republic or a Representative Democracy - “a government of
the people, by the people, and for the people.
4. Socialism
- A way of organizing a society owned and controlled by the government.

Law of Demand 3 Branches of Government

- Price Increase, Demand Decrease Executive
- Price Decrease, Demand Increase Legislative
Law of Supply Judicial
- Price Increase, Supply Increase
- Price Decrease, Supply Decrease