Group Counseling Strategies and Skills

8th Edition Jacobs Test Bank

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1. When the leader directs the behaviors, discussion, or attention of the group members by using a specific activity, it is
a/an ________________________.
ANSWER: exercise
REFERENCES: 219

2. According to Jacobs, Masson, and Harvill, the most helpful and important component of any exercise is
_______________________.
ANSWER: processing
REFERENCES: 223

3. In a ____________ ________________ exercise, the leader has members form a physical representation of their family
as they see them now, or when they were growing up.
ANSWER: family sculpture
REFERENCES: 230

4. According to the authors, ____________________ exercises are among the most versatile and useful exercise types.
ANSWER: written
REFERENCES: 224

5. Exercises designed to give members the opportunity to hear what others think of them, such as strength bombardment,
first impressions, or wishes are _________________________exercises.
ANSWER: feedback
REFERENCES: 239

6. Because groups involve sharing, the amount of _______________ members have in one another is a group dynamic the
leader must access.
ANSWER: trust
REFERENCES: 241

7. Any leader using an exercise where _______________is involved must consider the appropriateness and comfort of all
group members.
ANSWER: touch, physical contact
REFERENCES: 244

8. Written exercises are useful in getting ___________________ members to share in the group.
ANSWER: quiet or shy
REFERENCES: 224

9. A movement exercise that involves members walking to either side of the room is often used to help them explore their
_______________.
ANSWER: values
REFERENCES: 227

10. When using an exercise that involves members having to rely upon one another for their physical and/or emotional
safety, the leader must be aware of the level of ______________ among the members.
ANSWER: trust
REFERENCES: 220

Choices of names of exercises:

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A. Arts and crafts
B. Common reading
C. Creative props
D. Experiential
E. Fantasy
F. Moral dilemma
G. Movement
H. Touching

11. A story is read to members and each has to decide how he/she would handle the situation.
ANSWER: f
REFERENCES: 243

12. Members lightly put their hands on each others’ shoulders to covey positive energy to one another.
ANSWER: h
REFERENCES: 244

13. Activities are done on an outdoor course made of ropes.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 242

14. When directing members to think about the amount of fun in their lives, the leader sets a small chair in the middle of
the circle to focus the discussion.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 223

15. The leader directs members to imagine themselves as a common object in the room and asks what life would be like if
they were that object.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 237

16. It is important for the beginning leader to adapt exercises to all of the following EXCEPT the
a. needs of the group.
b. age level of members.
c. sophistication of the members.
d. cultural background of the leader.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 219

17. Which of the following is NOT a reason given by the authors for using exercises in a group?
a. Providing fun
b. Deepening the group’s focus
c. Testing members’ boundaries
d. Increasing members’ comfort level
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 220

18. Which of the following is NOT an important consideration when using touching exercises?
a. Giving an option of non-participation
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 b. Assessing the comfort level of members
c. Asking members to state specific objections
d. Explaining how the exercise will be conducted
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 244

19. Which of the following is TRUE about the use of fantasy exercises in groups?
a. Asking members to close their eyes is unethical.
b. Members may get in touch with unconscious pain.
c. The use of fantasy exercises is “fluff” and should be avoided.
d. Fantasy exercises do not allow members to make connections to their daily lives.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 237

20. Feedback exercises may be most valuable when

a. trust is low among members.
b. a negative member needs to be “put in her place.”
c. one member wants to know what others think of him.
d. members are allowed to say whatever they want to each other.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 239

21. Which of the following is NOT true of experiential exercises?

a. They provide equal benefit for all members.
b. They are often active and challenging by nature.
c. They generate interest and energy for members.
d. They give members a new and different experience.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 242

22. Directing members to create a collage by cutting out pictures, words, or phrases from a magazine that best describe
them is an example of using ______________________ in group.
a. Fantasy
b. Arts and crafts
c. Creative props
d. Family sculpture
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 236

23. The use of which of the following exercises is the most likely to build trust among members?
a. Rounds
b. Fantasy
c. Creative props
d. Common reading
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 233

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24. Movement exercises might NOT be recommended for _____________________.
a. Teens
b. Adults
c. Children
d. The elderly
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 232

25. Asking members to position themselves somewhere between two walls in the room that represent their level of
comfort in the group in an example of conducting a _________________ exercise.
a. Trust
b. Movement
c. Group decision
d. Moral dilemma
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 229

26. During this exercise, members are given a written list of 15 to 20 descriptive words and are directed to pick 3 to 5
words that describe the member who is receiving feedback.
a. Adjective checklist
b. Talk about the members
c. Strength bombardment
d. Metaphorical Feedback
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 239

27. All of the following represent reasons for group leaders to use exercises EXCEPT
a. To generate interest and energy
b. To deepen the group’s focus
c. To keep members from arguing
d. To provide information
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 220

28. Fantasy exercises are most often used in growth and therapy groups.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 237

29. In addition to being a experiential exercise, arts and crafts exercises can serve as a projective technique by which
members get more in touch with their feelings.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 236

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30. An exercise involving a moral dilemma, such as a conflict between stealing food and remaining hungry, may be
helpful for members wishing to explore their value systems.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 243

31. Under no circumstances is it appropriate for members of a group to have physical contact with one another.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 244

32. Group decision exercises can be used to explore how well people in a group work together and have a cooperative
attitude.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 243

33. Feedback exercises are especially useful with members who are not very open to hearing what others think of them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 239

34. A leader must never allow a member to not participate in an exercise for fear of losing control over the group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 242

35. The use of diaries or journals in a group provide a chance for members to write down thoughts and feelings they may
not feel comfortable sharing with others.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 226

36. Exercises should never be used for fun in a group.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 220

37. As a leader develops a plan for a particular session, it is important that she gives thought to one or more exercises that
will be helpful in making the group go well.
a. True
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 b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 223

38. The following is a good definition of the term “exercise” when used in the context of group leadership: “When the
leader directs the behaviors, discussion, or attention of the group members by using a specific activity, it is an exercise.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 219

39. “Arts and crafts” are generally used in a fun or playful context and should never be used as a serious group exercise.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 236-237

40. Any leader using any exercise where touching is going to be involved must consider the appropriateness for and
comfort of the members in both touching and being touched.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 244

41. How can exercises provide opportunities for experiential learning?

ANSWER: Exercises that use movement or role-play get members actively involved in exploring their issues and
generating solutions to their problems. By experiencing the situation in a different way, members may
gain new insights and ways of thinking about their situation that they hadn’t previously considered.
REFERENCES: 222

42. What are the pros and cons of using written exercises in groups?
ANSWER: The pros of using written exercises are that it gives members time to think through their answers while
writing and prevents them from feeling “on the spot” when sharing. Some potential cons are that
members with lower literacy levels, such as children or adults who cannot read, may have difficulty
processing the information and providing a written response to the activity. Also, it may take more time,
in general, for members to think through their answers and respond.
REFERENCES: 224

43. Why is it important for leaders to adapt exercises according to the age level, cultural background, or level of
sophistication of group members?
ANSWER: For exercises to be helpful and effective, they must be able to be understood by members and fit with the
purpose of the group. When members are not able to understand the purpose of the exercise due to their
age or level of sophistication, meaningful insight, awareness, or understanding is lost. Leaders should
also consider a member’s cultural background and whether or not an exercise is appropriate for members
based on this so that they, too, benefit from the exercise.
REFERENCES: 219

44. Give examples of exercises that might be helpful to evaluate member progress in group.
ANSWER: (Answers may vary. Some samples are provided.) Scaling in a 1-10 round could be helpful for members
in evaluating their own progress before and after a skill was learned or how helpful the group was to
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 them. In dyads and triads, members may disclose what they have done to be successful or what about the
group was helpful to them. The use of feedback might be helpful for a member who is ready and willing
to hear comments from fellow members and/or the leader. Written exercises may be helpful for members
to receive feedback from the leader or for members to record what they remember about a session or the
group (a sign of learning). Movement or sculpture exercises could be used for members to self-evaluate
their progress in and/or attitude towards the group.
REFERENCES: 229

45. Discuss why using an exercise in the beginning phase of the group session might be helpful for members and the
leader.
ANSWER: Using an exercise in the beginning gets members focused, provides opportunities for members to share,
discuss, and connect with one another, and gives leaders a chance to collect useful information that may
inform the direction of the session (i.e., a plan may be abandoned if the leader discovers that a member is
in crisis during an opening round).
REFERENCES: 220

46. What are the benefits of using dyads in group?

ANSWER: Dyads give group members a chance to (1) interact with one other individual, (2) practice a skill, or (3)
do an activity that calls for two people to interact in some prescribed manner. They are beneficial to
draw out group members who are reluctant to share with the entire group. Dyads can also be used to
shift or deepen the group’s focus.
REFERENCES: 232

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 Emergency Camp Stoves Quickly Made

Boys at a Summer Camp Kept Themselves Busy during a Cold Spell by

Making These Stoves

While conducting a boys’ camp in summer we experienced a

severe sleet storm. Our tents were not equipped with stoves and I
faced a double problem: to keep the boys warm and to keep them
contented. The difficulty was solved by having them construct
emergency camp stoves, as shown, using iron stovepipe, and other
material at hand. One length of pipe is laid under the side of the tent
about 4 in. in the ground, as in Fig. 1. An elbow mounted in sod
connects with the chimney. A stone at the front of the stove regulates
the draft, and stones placed upon the pipe hold the heat. The
arrangement diagrammed in Fig. 2 is built with one length of pipe or
a stone conduit. A hole is dug into the ground, about 10 in. deep.
Over this is placed a pan, and an opening is made at the front for the
fuel. The chimney is made of stones and sticks picked up around the
camp, and plastered with mud. Coffee may be boiled or small
cooking done on this stove.—William H. Leach, Alden, N. Y.
 Pruning and Brush-Cutting Knife

With the blade of an old beef cutter and a stout wood handle, I
fashioned a brush knife that is superior to a sickle for cutting down
heavy weeds. The blade was secured in a slotted handle by a screw
and rivet, and the top of the handle wired as an additional security. A
blade of this sort is handy, also, for pruning purposes.—J. M. Kane,
Doylestown, Pa.
 Plier Drives Nails in Backing Picture Frame

The fastening of a picture into a frame by the use of brads, or

tacks, driven into the frame behind the backing is often done
carelessly, because it is difficult to do a neat job with an ordinary
hammer. A much better way of driving in these nails is to use a plier,
as shown. Protect the edge of the frame with a layer or two of
cardboard, and start the nail carefully, forcing it in by steady pressure
on the plier handles.
 Clip Holds Flash Lamp on Handlebar as
Headlight

An ordinary pocket flash light makes a satisfactory headlight for a

bicycle if fitted to the handlebar with a suitable clip. The arrangement
shown makes it possible to remove the light quickly for use in the
usual manner. The clip, as detailed, is of spring brass and is
clamped over the post of the handlebar.—P. P. Avery, Garfield, N. J.
 A Backwoodsman’s Nutcracker

Most persons know what a difficult job it is to crack hickory nuts,

unless provided with a suitable hammer, or other tool, for the
purpose. When nut hunting, such tools are usually not at hand, and a
method used by an old backwoodsman will be of interest. First he
cut a hickory limb, about 2 in. thick and 3 ft. long. In the center of the
limb, he cut a square notch, about halfway through, and just large
enough to admit a nut. Then placing one end of the limb on the
ground, the other end held in the left hand, he placed a nut in the
notch, and bent the limb slightly. This brought the edges of the notch
closer together, and cracked the nut neatly.—C. M. Vaiden, Portland,
Ore.
Handy Tool for Tightening Wire Spokes in Wheels

The wire spokes in bicycle and similar wheels often become loose,
and a small pocket device for tightening them on the road is handy.
A satisfactory one can be made quickly from a washer, 2 in. in
diameter, cut as shown. A tapering slot is cut to the center of the
washer to engage the nipples of various-sized spokes. The outer
circumference of the washer is filed with a triangular file to provide a
good finger grip.—H. E. Randell, Boston, Mass.
 Bottle Economizes Spray Liquid in Atomizer

Atomizers are sometimes provided with delivery tubes the lower

ends of which are ¹⁄₄ in. or more above the bottom of the reservoir,
thus rendering useless considerable of the spraying liquid. To
overcome this waste, in the case of expensive sprays, a small
homeopathic vial was filled with the liquid from the bottom of the
reservoir, and lowered into the bottle, as shown. The delivery tube of
the atomizer was set into the vial, and the cap screwed on. By this
means almost every drop of the spraying fluid was utilized.—Carl L.
Hartshorn, West Haven, Conn.
 A Small Rotary Pump Easily Made

The Rotating Spools Press against the Water Hose and Force the Water from
It at Increased Pressure

This small power pump is made from a block of wood, a piece of

rubber hose, and a 5-arm rotor of brass, with small spools attached
to it. The base of the casing is 6 in. square, and of ⁷⁄₈-in. wood. A ³⁄₄-
in. triangular block is set at each corner, and a ¹⁄₈-in. cover of wood,
fastened at the four corners with screws. A large nail is used as a
shaft for the rotor, which is cut from brass, ¹⁄₃₂ to ¹⁄₁₆ in. thick. Small
spools are mounted on the arms of the rotor, and the small pulley
wheel is fixed on the end of the axle. The action is simple: As the
rollers on the arms revolve against the hose, the force of the stream
at the discharge end is increased, the device acting as a pump. Such
an arrangement was used for moving targets in a rifle range, and
can be built on a larger scale if desired. A small water, or electric,
motor is used to drive the pump.—S. A. Hardy, St. Paul, Minn.
 Cleaning Type Cases with Bicycle Pump
Type cases can be cleaned easily by using a bicycle pump, which
will blow the dust out. Typewriters and other small machinery can
also be cleaned this way. A long hose used with a foot pump is often
preferable to the hand pump.
 Weighted Rope Holds Flag Upright

This Weighted Rope Permits the Flag to Fly in Its Natural Position

A householder devised a simple and effective method of keeping

the flag upright when displayed from a nearly horizontal flagstaff.
The cord which held the flag was run through pulleys, as indicated,
and weighted with a pulley weight.—M. T. Kanary, Chicago, Illinois.
 Homemade Gate Sign with Metal Letters

The Metal Letters were Quickly Made and Are Durable as Well as Neat

Needing a permanent sign to be mounted on an iron gate, I made

one of metal, which is more durable and better-looking than most
wooden or other common signs that the home mechanic can make. I
used sheet metal and marked out the letters to cut them from the
smallest possible strip, by reversing some of them. They were cut
out with snips and chisels, and the edges filed smooth. The letters
were then soldered to heavy wires, which were bolted to the gate by
means of sheet-metal straps and bolts, as shown. The letters should
be polished from time to time, especially if made from brass or
copper.—Hugo Kretschmar, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Reinforcing the Ends of Rubber Handlebar Grips
The flexible rubber grips used on bicycles and motorcycles have
good shock-absorbing qualities, but they have a tendency to break
off at the end of the handlebar. They may be reinforced by a small
stick projecting from the end of the handlebar tubing. One end of the
stick is cut to fit tightly in the opening, and the other to fit the flexible
end of the grip.—George M. Zimmerman, Fort Sumner, N. M.
 Film Holder for Photographic Developing

The amateur photographer who uses roll film and who does his
developing by the tray method, will find this device a simple and
reliable means for holding the film spool while removing the film,
duplex paper, autographic carbon paper, gummed labels, etc. Once
the spool is properly placed in the holder, there is little danger of its
dropping. The holder takes various sizes of film spools. The side
fingers are ³⁄₁₆ by ³⁄₄ by 23 in. long. A small peg is set in each finger,
1¹⁄₈ in. from the end, to engage the spool. The upper ends of the
fingers are nailed to a tapered block of wood, ⁷⁄₈ by 3¹⁄₄ and 2¹⁄₂ in.
wide, and 8 in. long. The holder can be conveniently fastened to a
wall, door casing, or to the under side of a shelf in the dark room.—
John Hoeck, Alameda, Calif.
 Old Sink Installed as Dish-Draining Basin

The Extra Sink Replaces the Drain Board and Does Its Work More Effectively

An added convenience for the housewife is the installation, in the

place of the drain board customarily attached to the kitchen sink, of a
second sink, with waste connections. Light wooden slats in the sink
bottom give it all the utility of a drain board, without the danger of
dishes slipping off onto the floor. A sink, of the old-fashioned kind
used, can be purchased about as cheaply as a good drain board.—
E. C. Blomeyer, Waco, Tex.
 Desk-Light Arm Folds into Pigeonhole

This Desk Lamp and Holder Folds Up into a Pigeonhole When Not in Use

The extension arm for an electric lamp shown in the illustration

was made of strips from steel building toys. I installed it in my writing
desk, and fastened it with one screw to the back of the desk inside
the pigeonhole. When collapsed the arm measures 7¹⁄₂ in. from the
fastened end to the front end of the socket, leaving only the globe
protruding. Extended, it measures 16¹⁄₂ in. The lamp cord is taken
through a hole in the back of the desk. If a very rigid arm is wanted,
the strips can be doubled. I used screws with two nuts, but rivets can
be used also, leaving the joints to move freely. The sliding feature at
the inner end adds about 2 in. to the length of the arm when
extended.—A. J. Viken, Waterloo, Ia.
 A Soldier’s or Traveler’s Kit for Sundries and
Toilet Articles

The Soldier Appreciates a Handy Folding Kit, Especially If the Girl He Left
Behind Made It

A soldier’s kit approved by a colonel of the national guard because

of its compactness, can be made easily of a band of khaki cloth. The
kit, including the “housewife,” requires cloth, 27 in. wide. Cut 12 in.
from one end for the housewife, which is 12 by 5 in. wide. To make
the housewife, fold under the edges ¹⁄₄ in., and fold one end over 2¹⁄₂
in. and the other 1¹⁄₂ in. for pockets. In the larger center pocket can
be placed court plaster, adhesive tape, photographs, letters, etc.
Bind the edges ¹⁄₄ in., and form other pockets, as shown. The entire
kit weighs 1¹⁄₄ lb. and can be carried by the soldier in his army
blanket. The housewife, if necessary, can be removed and taken to
the firing line. Handy articles to be fitted in the kit are mirror that can
be hung up, comb, box of talcum powder, cold cream, tooth paste,
pencil, wash cloth, soaps, shaving brush, toothbrush, and scissors.
Three safety pins at the top of the bag enable it to be hung up in the
tent. Strong binding tapes are sewed to the bag, and it can be folded
handily in three sections.—Kate Thomen, Topeka, Kans.