Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. According to the “battered woman syndrome” theory, police are generally called during the
_______________ phase.
a. honeymoon
b. Stockholm
c. acute battering
d. newlywed
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: (p. 243)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
4. According to research, there is a high correlation between alcohol, substance abuse, and
a. victims.
b. crime.
c. abusers.
d. income.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: (p. 242)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
6. According to the study by Olweus, former school bullies in Norway had a __________ increase in the
level of relatively serious, recidivist criminality as young adults.
a. twofold
b. threefold
c. fourfold
d. tenfold
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: (p. 268)
OBJ: Whether incidents of school violence can be anticipated or are always a surprise.
9. Current data indicate an estimated __________ persons age 18 or older are victims of stalking each
year.
a. 78,000
b. 650,000
c. 1.2 million
d. 3.4 million
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: (p. 257)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
10. There are four theories of why men batter; the theories are
a. psychological, sociological, feminist, and violent.
b. psychosocial, feminist, violent, and biological.
c. biological, psychological, conflict, and emergent.
d. sociological, psychological, emergent, and classic.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: (p. 246)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
14. Many criminal justice scholars speculate the most widespread form of violence in the United States
today is
a. rioting in the streets.
b. family violence.
c. demonstrations.
d. workplace violence.
e. school violence.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: (p. 243)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
15. The most effective remedy to spouse abuse in the Minneapolis Domestic Abuse Intervention Project
was
a. arrest.
b. taking the suspect away.
c. advising the persons.
d. obtaining a restraining order.
e. none of the other choices.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: (p. 253)
OBJ: What the Minneapolis experiment established.
17. The Safe Schools Pyramid reflects the importance of the __________ concept in school safety.
a. zero-tolerance
b. lockdown
c. community policing
d. reactive policing
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: (pp. 273–274)
OBJ: What three-pronged approach is an effective response to the issue of school violence.
20. Each of the following is part of the three-pronged approach for an effective response to the issue of
school violence except
a. security technology.
b. student safety training.
c. crisis planning.
d. school/law enforcement/community partnerships.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: (p. 273)
OBJ: What three-pronged approach is an effective response to the issue of school violence.
TRUE/FALSE
1. Violence is connected with some of the most positive events in our history.
2. There exists among the public a common perception that violent crime is spinning out of control.
4. Police have the authority to impose themselves on conflicts as third-party agents of social control.
8. Studies support the estimate that domestic violence committed by police officers against their intimate
partners is much less than in the general population.
9. Men are less likely to report acts of violence against them for fear of negative reactions of others.
10. Same-sex domestic violence occurs almost twice as frequently as heterosexual domestic violence.
11. A victimized police spouse will often not report the abuse due to concerns the police officer will lose
his job and the family will suffer financially.
12. Police officers responding to a domestic violence call are responsible for investigating it as thoroughly
as an assault.
13. Police officers responding to a domestic violence call can use discretion in whether to arrest or not,
even if probable cause exists.
14. Thurman v. City of Torrington established that domestic violence is an assault rather than simply a
family matter.
16. A temporary restraining order is valid only in the jurisdiction in which it was issued.
17. Federal law requires law enforcement officers to honor out-of-state protection orders.
20. The CDC estimates that the cost of IPV exceeds $8 billion annually.
21. Officers responding to a domestic call involving adults should not worry about whether children are
present; they should only focus on the adults involved in the dispute.
23. The two key components of bullying are repeated harmful acts and an imbalance of power.
25. The U.S. Bureau of the Census projects that by 2030, the U.S. population over age 65 will number
about 72 million.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: (p. 259)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
26. Early warning signs of school violence include withdrawal, rejection, low school interest, and
expressions of violence in drawings.
27. Columbine was a learning experience for law enforcement when dealing with school shootings.
28. SROs alone can go a long way when it comes to guaranteeing a safe school environment.
30. Dating violence can occur in person or by electronic means, via computer or text messages.
31. Workplace violence has increased significantly over the past few years.
32. Schools are using video surveillance cameras as a way to curb school violence.
33. Workplace violence is a serious health and safety issue and has been identified as the third leading
cause of death for people at work.
34. Zero-tolerance programs allow for school discretion regarding punishment for specific offenses.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Violence that results from hurt feelings, anger, or rage is called _______________ violence.
ANS:
expressive
2. Officers must be aware of the _____________ _____________ suffered by children who witness
violence in the home.
ANS:
invisible victimization
ANS:
Stake-in-conformity variables
ANS:
Zero tolerance
5. The common motive for ________ ________ is revenge; the perpetrator believes they were treated
unjustly.
ANS:
workplace violence
6. Battered _____________ women face the triple threat of being held in isolation by their batterers,
being isolated by language barriers, and often being fearful and distrusting of the police.
ANS:
immigrant
PTS: 1 REF: (p. 245)
OBJ: Who is at risk of being a victim of domestic violence.
7. Many elderly persons are not physically abused, but are _______.
ANS:
neglected
MATCHING
Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match.
ESSAY
ANS:
Answer varies.
2. Discuss the various types of domestic abuse occurring in the United States.
ANS:
Answer varies.
3. Discuss the measures that have been taken to promote school safety.
ANS:
Answer varies.
4. Describe the typical profile of a “school shooter,” and discuss the merits of such profiling.
ANS:
Answer varies.
5. Describe the signs of elder abuse and discuss the means to combat this ever-growing problem.
ANS:
Answer varies.
6. Discuss the facts of Thurman v. City of Torrington (1984) and what the case helped to establish.
ANS:
Answer varies.
SIDE-LEVER ENGINE.
From the Model in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
The contract was for ten years, and to take effect from
December 1st, 1841. The fourteen ships were all named after British
rivers, and many readers will be aware that this custom of the
company has continued ever since, although in some cases the
names of foreign rivers have also been thus employed. Some of
these vessels were built at Northfleet on the Thames, others
(including the Teviot and Clyde) were built at Greenock, others at
Dumbarton, Leith, and Cowes. The Lords of the Admiralty stipulated
that the vessels should be built under their supervision, and a naval
officer was put in charge of the mails on each steamer, and carried
out a sort of supervision of the ship’s affairs, a boat’s crew being
always at his service when the mails were being taken aboard or
disembarked. The illustration facing page 112 shows the launch of
the Forth at Leith in 1841. This picture, which is taken from a
contemporary painting, is worthy of perusal, as showing the close
resemblance between the mercantile marine and naval architecture
of the period. Strength rather than slim beauty, massiveness rather
than fineness, formed the keynote both in the steam and sailing
ships of that time. In the same year had already been launched the
Thames from Northfleet, and in the following year that vessel
inaugurated this new service, setting forth, like the older packets,
from Falmouth. The voyage from there to the West Indies took about
eighteen days, but exceptional runs were done in seventeen days.
This new steamship departure was an undoubted success, and
the Admiralty admitted that even the Government, with all its naval
resources, could not have succeeded so well as this private
company in getting together and ready for sea in so short a time so
many large and well-equipped new steamers. Financially this meant
a very large outlay, and there was not much less than a million of
money expended on this first fleet. It should be stated, however, that
the Government subsidised the concern by a grant of £240,000 per
annum. Presently Falmouth gave way to Southampton as the
headquarters of the Royal Mail fleet. To-day there are so many big
liners calling at the Hampshire port, and there is at all times of the
day so continuous a procession of all kinds of large steamships, that
it is difficult to realise that in those days this was comparatively a
small port.
It was only natural that, as soon as ever the West Indian service
should have proved itself successful, a branch should be extended
to the South American Continent. In 1846, therefore, the company
organised a means of transit by mules and canoes across the
Isthmus of Panama, which were in 1855 superseded by the Panama
Railroad. Although we are departing from our historical sequence in
the development of the steamship, it is convenient here to sketch
very rapidly the progress of the Royal Mail Line farther still, for the
evolution of a steamship company is not necessarily that of the
steamship. A small company may be famous for having one or two
ships that are always the last word in modern ship-building and
marine engineering; a large company may possess a considerable
aggregate of tonnage, but its ships may be behind the lead of others
in improvements. For the moment we are considering the enterprise
which enabled the early steamships to penetrate to distant, over-sea
territories where the Elizabethan sailors had gone in their slow-going
ships scarcely three centuries before.
B
The Royal Mail Co. has now absorbed the
Pacific Steam Navigation Co.
But there was now another force coming in, which was to entirely
alter the character of the liner. Let us trace the evolution of the screw
propeller, which has completely banished the old-fashioned paddle-
wheel from its place in the ocean-going ship, and is rapidly having
the same effect in cross-Channel steamers. We saw that away back
in 1804 John Stevens had crossed the Hudson in a little ship that
was driven along by a screw propeller, but it was not until the year
1836 that the screw was re-introduced. In this year John Ericsson, a
Swedish engineer, obtained a patent for his invention which
consisted of two drums, on whose exteriors were seven helical
blades, the interior of each drum having the three blades which
formed the radii of the circle. Both these drums worked on one axis,
and were placed behind the rudder, and not in front of it as is the
modern propeller. If the reader will turn to the plate facing page 118,
he will see this at the beginning of the second line to the left. The
drums were made to work in opposite directions, the object being to
avoid loss due to the rotary motion already remaining in the water
discharged by a single screw.
Ericsson applied this invention to the Francis B. Ogden, which
was built in 1837. She was 45 feet long, and was driven by a two-
cylinder steam engine with a boiler pressure of 50 lb. The result of
the experiment showed that she could tow a vessel of 630 tons
burthen at 4½ knots against the tide. The following year a larger
vessel, the Robert F. Stockton, was built by Laird Brothers, and
attained a speed of thirteen knots on the Thames, with the tide in her
favour. Afterwards she crossed the Atlantic, but under canvas, and
was turned into a tug as the New Jersey, for work in New York
waters. The illustration facing page 120, which has been lent by
Messrs. Cammell, Laird and Company, Limited, of Birkenhead,
shows her rigged as a topsail schooner under sail and steam. Her
measurements were 63.4 feet long, 10 feet beam, 7 feet deep, with a
register of 33 tons, and engines of 30 horsepower. Although she was
the first screw steamer to cross the Atlantic, yet her voyage is
interesting rather as a fairly daring trip of a small sailing ship than as
proving the reliability of the screw propeller.
But at the same time that Ericsson was working at his idea,
Francis Smith, an Englishman, who was afterwards knighted, was
also engaged at the same problem, though his method of solution
was of a different nature, as will be seen by a reference to the last
illustration on the first line of the plate facing page 118. His patent
was granted in the same year as Ericsson’s, and was tried with
success the year after on the Paddington Canal. Smith was a farmer
at Hendon, and had already experimented with a model driven by
clockwork on a farm pond, just as Fulton had carried out his early
experiments with a clockwork model in a tank. The next step was to
repeat the experiment on a six-ton boat which was driven by a steam
engine, the propeller being, like those of the modern aeroplanes, of
wood. It was while thus experimenting that an interesting accident
happened, for about one-half of the screw thus shown in the
illustration was broken off, and to everyone’s surprise the boat
instantly began to leap forward at a quicker speed. Later the boat
was fitted with a screw having one turn instead of two, and made of
metal instead of wood, and in this small craft Smith cruised as far as
Folkestone. Her speed was 5½ knots.