Cognition 6th Edition Ashcraft Test

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Test Bank Cognition, 6th ed. Radvansky/Ashcraft

Chapter 7: Knowing

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which is NOT true of semantic memory?

a. general world knowledge
b. a person’s mental encyclopedia and dictionary
c. includes language
d. critically depends on pituitary functioning
Page: 211
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

2. Semantic memory is memory for __________.

a. general world knowledge
b. the meaning of individual experiences only
c. commonly exacted behaviors (e.g., riding a bicycle)
d. things that are not reconsolidated
Page: 211
Type: factual
Answer: a

3. Hintzman (1978) referred to semantic memory as __________.

a. hierarchical memory
b. connectionist memory
c. generic memory
d. category memory
Page: 211
Type: factual
Answer: c

4. The first person to use the term “semantic memory” was __________.
a. Bartlett
b. Wundt
c. Sternberg
d. Quillian
Page: 212
Type: factual
Answer: d

5. The kind of memory that is thought to be largely similar across different people is __________.
a. paralinguistic
b. episodic
c. semantic
d. direct
Page: 212
Type: conceptual
Answer: c

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6. Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) research showed that eyewitness reports varied as a function of the wording of
a question. This suggests that __________.
a. semantic memory knowledge biases how we remember events
b. people often do not listen closely to questions
c. semantic memory research is not very ecologically valid
d. there is an inheritance of concepts across domains
Page: 212
Type: conceptual
Answer: a

7. Which is NOT part of the Collins & Quillian model?

a. nodes
b. network
c. bridging
d. spreading activation
Page: 213
Type: conceptual
Answer: c

8. “ROBIN is a BIRD” is NOT an example of __________.

a. nodes
b. network
c. bridging
d. spreading activation
Page: 213
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

9. Concepts are represented in a semantic network by __________.

a. nodes
b. networks
c. links
d. spreading activation
Page: 213
Type: factual
Answer: a

10. Associations are represented in a semantic network by __________.

a. nodes
b. networks
c. links
d. spreading activation
Page: 213
Type: factual
Answer: c

11. In the Smith et al. (1974) model of semantic memory, __________ is the features and properties of a
concept that are essential to its meaning: for example, “bearing live young,” for “mammal.”
a. definingness
b. perceptual category
c. prototyping
d. cognitive economics
Page: 215
Type: factual
Answer: a

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12. “Defining feature” is most associated with __________.

a. Bartlett’s mental workbench
b. connectionist models
c. Collins and Quillian’s hierarchical model
d. Smith’s feature list model
Page: 215
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

13. In a feature list model of semantic memory, the structure of semantic memory comes from __________.
a. the nodes and links
b. the structure of the lists and the retrieval processes
c. the structure of the world
d. the structure of our minds
Page: 215
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

14. Features that are common, but not essential, to the meaning of a concept, are __________.
a. characteristics
b. defining
c. necessary and sufficient
d. parallel
Page: 215
Type: factual
Answer: a

15. A simple sentence presented for a person’s yes/no decision is a __________.

a. Stage I comparison
b. Sternberg search task
c. lexical decision task
d. sentence verification task
Page: 217
Type: factual
Answer: d

16. In testing their model, Collins & Quillian __________.

a. used a lexical decision verification task
b. were unable to account for serial exhaustive memory search functions
c. demonstrated that concepts closer together in the network are responded to faster
d. used both RT and accuracy measures
Page: 217
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

17. Which of the following is NOT true of Collins & Quillian’s revised semantic network model?
a. Typical or central members of the category are connected to the superordinate node by shorter
pathways.
b. can handle typicality effects
c. retains the exclusively hierarchical organizational structure
d. has difficulty with perceptual symbols
Page: 220
Type: conceptual
Answer: c

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18. Kounios & Holcomb concluded that the N400 ERP component reflects __________.
a. serial position effects
b. semantic priming
c. unrelatedness
d. relatedness
Page: 220
Type: factual
Answer: c

19. P300 stands for __________.

a. positive ERP
b. 300 milliseconds after presentation
c. an index of cognitive processing
d. all of the above
Page: 220
Type: factual
Answer: d

20. N400 stands for __________.

a. a node in a semantic network
b. an integrative function in the nomological network
c. negative 400 mV spike
d. negative spike at 400 ms
Page: 220
Type: factual
Answer: d

21. In semantic memory tasks, response time is speeded up or judgments are made more easily when the
concepts are closer together in semantic distance—that is, when they are more closely related. The effect is
reversed when the comparison is false; that is, RT is longer for the comparison “a whale is a fish” vs. “a
whale is a bird.” This is an example of __________.
a. superordinate effect
b. semantic relatedness effect
c. subordinate effect
d. Hampton priming
Page: 220
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

22. Which of the following could be used as evidence AGAINST a “hierarchical” organization of semantic
memory?
a. serial position curve
b. typicality effects
c. hierarchical deconstruction
d. cognitive economy
Page: 221
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

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23. The amplitude of N400 ERPs was markedly lower in the right than in the left hemisphere for abstract
words as compared to concrete words. Both amplitudes were lower for abstract relative to concrete words.
This is evidence of __________.
a. serial position effect
b. Pavio’s dual-coding hypothesis
c. semantic priming
d. natural categories
Page: 222
Type: factual
Answer: b

24. Holcomb’s sentence “Armed robbery implies thief used a weapon” is a _________ sentence, whereas
“Armed robbery implies thief used a rose” is a __________ sentence.
a. concrete–concrete; anomalous–concrete
b. congruent–concrete; anomalous–concrete
c. congruent–abstract; anomalous–abstract
d. “right”; “wrong”
Page: 222
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

25. The study by Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Barsalou (2003) supports the use of perceptual symbols in semantic
memory in that __________.
a. people showed priming based on abstract concepts
b. people showed priming based on perceptual modality
c. there was evidence that priming was greater when the probes were shown perceptually
d. there was evidence that priming was greater when the probes were shown abstractly
Page: 224
Type: factual
Answer: b

26. According to Barsalou (1999), the idea that semantic memory cues perceptual symbols suggests that
__________.
a. semantic memory is built up from sensory and motor elements derived from experience
b. there is no utility in people forming categories
c. a reanalysis of Collins and Quillian’s model shows it to be correct
d. semantic memory is the same thing as episodic memory
Page: 224
Type: factual
Answer: a

27. Which is NOT true of connectionism?

a. localist representation
b. a framework in which interconnected nodes in a network, pathways, and priming can be studied
c. The nodes can represent almost any kind of information, from simple line segments (letter recognition)
to complex features (e.g., has wings, red breast, can fly, etc.).
d. In principle, any type of knowledge can be represented by nodes and the weighted connections
between them.
Page: 225
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

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28. Connectionist models of memory are inspired by what?

a. the nervous system
b. telephone switchboards
c. computer motherboards
d. the grand interconnectivity of life
Page: 225
Type: factual
Answer: a

29. Which is NOT a purported advantage of using connectionist modeling to study cognition?
a. structural similarity to neural connections
b. Individual units within connectionist models are “similar” to neurons.
c. The yes/no of neural firing mirrors the on/off binary aspect of connectionist units.
d. Massive parallel functions allow us to extrapolate beyond what computers can model.
Page: 225
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

30. Connectionist models embody the idea that semantic memories are __________.
a. localized in certain, precise spots
b. not really semantic after all
c. an innate part of who we are at birth
d. two across a network
Page: 225
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

31. Anomia is a __________.

a. deficit in reading due to brain injury
b. deficit in comprehension due to brain injury
c. deficit in word finding due to brain injury
d. deficit in memory due to brain injury
Page: 228
Type: factual
Answer: c

32. A person who has difficulty retrieving the names of things from semantic memory has a condition called
__________.
a. anomia
b. ataxia
c. agraphia
d. amusia
Page: 228
Type: factual
Answer: a

33. Lexical means __________.

a. meaning
b. dictionary
c. response time
d. network
Page: 228
Type: factual
Answer: b

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34. A person with anterograde amnesia would be expected to show __________ semantic priming effects,
compared to normal controls.
a. similar
b. larger
c. smaller
d. adaptive
Page: 234
Type: conceptual
Answer: a

35. Priming effects reveal what about semantic memory?

a. when it was learned
b. how it is structured
c. when a connectionist network has transformed into a semantic network
d. that there is functionally no end to semantic memory
Page: 230
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

36. The proper term for better-than-baseline response (generally a result of useful advance information) is
__________.
a. facilitation
b. typicality
c. prototyping
d. stroop
Page: 230
Type: factual
Answer: a

37. SOA is __________.

a. semantic order of activation
b. semantics and orthographic analysis
c. a timing measure
d. a measure of semantic relatedness
Page: 230
Type: factual
Answer: c

38. The term “cost” is used in cognitive research under what circumstances?
a. prototypic processing
b. functional amnesty
c. negative influence on processing
d. an indication of larger semantic networks
Page: 231
Type: factual
Answer: c

39. “Lag 2” in a priming task reflects __________.

a. cost
b. facilitation
c. two intervening items or trials
d. the time increase required for participants to perform the more difficult task
Page: 231
Type: factual
Answer: c

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40. In a priming experiment using lexical decision, what is the best “neutral” condition?
a. truck–robin
b. XXXX–dog
c. France–Switzerland
d. doctor–nurse
Page: 231
Type: applied
Answer: b

41. Loftus & Loftus (1974) report a priming experiment using prime target pairs with a prime target delay of
either 0 ms or 2500 ms. They also performed cross-trial priming with a lag of zero or two. Which did they
NOT find?
a. Related primes produced facilitation.
b. Repeating categories produced facilitation.
c. Priming effects increased with increasing SOA.
d. Priming effects increased with lag.
Page: 231
Type: factual
Answer: d

42. Neely (1977) used an SOA manipulation in a lexical decision task with the participants either expecting a
category switch (BODY–robin) or not expecting a switch (BODY–arm). The data illustrate __________.
a. standard semantic priming when a category shift was to-be-expected
b. Standard semantic priming when a category shift was to-be-expected at (only) the long SOA condition
c. that at the short SOA, he found standard semantic priming regardless of whether the shift was expected
or unexpected
d. that at the long SOA (but not the short SOA), he found standard semantic priming regardless of
whether the shift was expected or unexpected
Page: 233
Type: factual
Answer: c

43. Neely (1977) used an SOA manipulation in a lexical decision task to illustrate __________.
a. long-term memory storage
b. short-term memory storage
c. the dual-coding hypothesis
d. that both automatic and controlled processing can be implicated in priming
Page: 233
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

44. Which is NOT true?

a. Semantic priming can occur even in the absence of conscious awareness of prime identity.
b. In artificial categorization tasks, participants can be successfully oriented to classify on the basis of
“diagnostic” features or “prototypical” features using short-term memory storage.
c. Semantic memory is organized according to semantic relatedness among concepts. Both automatic and
controlled processing can be implicated in priming.
d. Regardless of SOA, implicit priming will overwhelm explicit priming.
Page: 233
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

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45. In what way was the foundational research by Bartlett different from than by Ebbinghaus?
a. the use of delayed recall
b. It focused on meaningful materials.
c. using human research subjects
d. carefully controlling the materials to be memorized
Page: 235
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

46. Schemata aid in what aspect of memory?

a. reconstructive processes
b. reproductive recall
c. analogical reasoning
d. propositional coding
Page: 236
Type: conceptual
Answer: a

47. What nature of memory is best illustrated by the operation and influence of schemata during memory
retrieval?
a. forgetting
b. compartmentalization
c. learning
d. reconstruction
Page: 236
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

48. What are the mental representations that serve as a framework or body of knowledge for commonly
experienced aspects of life called?
a. lexicons
b. parsecs
c. schemata
d. partonomies
Page: 237
Type: factual
Answer: c

49. Mental categories allow us to __________.

a. predict the ways in which we should interact with new instances
b. spend more time trying to figure out what things are
c. find the needle in the haystack
d. overcome our biases and prejudices derived from stereotypes
Page: 243
Type: conceptual
Answer: a

50. In semantic categories, the degree to which items are viewed as typical, central members of a category; the
central tendency of a category: __________.
a. semantic activation
b. typicality
c. inheritance
d. priming
Page: 245
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

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51. According to the classic view of categorization, which of the following would NOT be used by people to
create their semantic categories?
a. necessary features
b. sufficient features
c. rules
d. prototypes
Page: 244
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

52. Rips (1975) reported an experiment in which subjects read a story about an island inhabited by only eight
species of animals: sparrows, robins, eagles, hawks, ducks, geese, ostriches, and bats. The evidence
indicated __________.
a. support for prepositional theories of representation
b. support for PDP models
c. support for the dual-coding hypothesis
d. evidence for prototype effects
Page: 245
Type: conceptual
Answer: d

53. In semantic memory research, the result that typical members of a category tend to be judged as members
of the category more rapidly than atypical members is called the __________.
a. typicality effect
b. redundancy gain
c. feature effect
d. familiarity bias
Page: 245
Type: factual
Answer: a

54. In semantic memory, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mental categories?
a. typicality effects
b. rule-based organization
c. correlated attributes
d. family resemblance
Page: 245
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

55. An abstract central core of a mental category is a(n) __________.

a. core feature list
b. exemplar
c. prototype
d. ad hoc category
Page: 246
Type: factual
Answer: c

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56. Which is NOT a principle proposed to contribute to classification and categorization?

a. prototype comparison
b. Type II class action
c. exemplar-based representation
d. explanation-based organization
Page: 247
Type: conceptual
Answer: b

57. Which is NOT true of categories?

a. Mental categories involve fuzzy boundaries.
b. Typical members resemble the prototype of the category.
c. Diffusion reduces the priming effects for central categorical membership.
d. Evidence supports the notion that multiple types of categorization are used.
Page: 247
Type: conceptual
Answer: c

58. When are ad hoc categories created?

a. over a long period of time
b. on the fly
c. during childhood
d. after a great deal of experience
Page: 247
Type: factual
Answer: b

59. Which theory of semantic memory is most consistent with the existence of ad hoc categories?
a. semantic networks
b. classic view of categorization
c. connectionist
d. temporal lobe theories
Page: 247
Type: conceptual
Answer: c

60. The idea that people treat members of a category as if they had some shared common underlying quality is
__________.
a. psychological essentialism
b. prototypicality
c. exemplarism
d. extractionistics
Page: 248
Type: factual
Answer: a

True/False Questions:

61. A semantic network represents the order in which different types of information were learned. FALSE ( p.
213)
62. Collins & Quillian demonstrated that property pathways were stronger than isa pathways. FALSE (p. 213)
63. In a feature list theory, each concept captures the relative importance of various features. TRUE (p. 215)
64. Semantic memory is organized according to semantic relatedness among concepts. TRUE (p. 215)

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65. The amplitude of N400 ERPs was markedly lower in the right than in the left hemisphere for abstract
words as compared to concrete words. Both amplitudes were lower for abstract relative to concrete words.
TRUE (p. 223)
66. Abstract words activate right and left hemisphere processing equally. FALSE (p. 223)
67. Embodied cognitive processes play no role in semantic memory. FALSE (p. 223)
68. The more you know about something, the more complex your representational schema is, and the harder it
is to access specific information. FALSE (p. 224)
69. Most connectionist networks will include both facilitating and inhibitory connections. TRUE (p. 226)
70. In connectionist models, the weight of a connection determines its strength. TRUE (p. 226)
71. The lexical decision task requires that people know the meaning of the target word. FALSE (p. 230)
72. Lexical decision performance logically requires semantic access. FALSE (p. 230)
73. Lexical decision performance is typically measured by response time. TRUE (p. 230)
74. Priming effects always show facilitation relative to baseline. FALSE (p. 233)
75. There is an implicit component to priming. TRUE (p. 234)
76. Schemata are a form of episodic memory. FALSE (p. 234)
77. People use schemata and scripts to help them reconstruct memories of past events. TRUE (p. 236)
78. Schemata both help and hurt memory. TRUE (p. 236)
79. According to the classic view of mental categorization, categories are based around necessary and
sufficient features. TRUE (p. 244)
80. The classic view of categorization has stood the test of time and captures much of how people mentally
create and use categories. FALSE (p. 244)
81. Most people’s definition of “teddy bear” could be used to demonstrate the concept of a category central
tendency. TRUE (p. 245)
82. Explanation-based theories of categorization are based on probabilistic information. FALSE (p. 247)

Fill in the Blank/Short Answer:

83. Semantic memory captures ________________________ information.

(GENERIC/GENERAL/ENCYCLOPEDIC)
84. Hintzman referred to semantic memory as ________ memory. (GENERIC)
85. In a semantic network, concepts are represented by ________ and associations are represented by
________. (NODES; LINKS)
86. In connections networks, knowledge is represented in the strength of the ____________.
(CONNECTIONS/LINKS)
87. SOA stands for ________________________. (STIMULUS ONSET ASYNCHRONY)
88. In a priming task, the first stimulus is called the _____________, and the next stimulus is called the
____________. (PRIME; TARGET)
89. In studies of mental processing, the number of intervening trials between a prime and a target is the
____________. (LAG)
90. What type of memory process does a schema or script aid in? (RECONSTRUCTIVE)
91. A type of mental representation that is similar to a schema, but which captures the temporal order of events,
is called a(n) _____________. (SCRIPT)
92. The two kinds of probabilistic categorization are the _____________ and _________________ views.
(PROTOTYPE; EXEMPLAR)
93. The idealized average of all category members is called a(n) _________. (PROTOTYPE)
94. A category that is created on the fly is called a(n) __________ category. (AD HOC)

Essay Questions:

95. What is an advantage of feature list theories of semantic memory compared to semantic network models?
96. Why would semantic memory have characteristics that reflect embodied cognition?
97. With respect to models of the mind, what is connectionism?
98. What are the four frequently mentioned advantages of using connectionism to study cognition?
99. Describe how a priming task can be used to demonstrate both implicit and explicit processing.
100. Describe a situation in which a cost relative to a baseline might be demonstrated in a priming task.
101. How are schemata likely to change of the course of one’s life?

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102. Describe (define) the dissociation referred to as a category-specific deficit.

103. What are the relative advantages and disadvantageous of the various theories of mental categorization?
104. In what ways are schemata and categories similar, and in what ways are they different?
105. To what degree do mental categories reflect the way the world is, and to what degree to they reflect how
we mentally organize the world?

107
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no related content on Scribd:
 91.

My FIRST, if you do, will increase;

My SECOND will keep you from Heaven,
My WHOLE—such is human caprice—
Is seldomer taken than given.

Answer

92.
When may a man reasonably complain of his coffee?
Answer

93.
Why does a duck put her head under water?
Answer

94.
Why does she take it out again?
Answer

95.
 In what terms does Shakespeare allude to the muddiness of the
river on which Liverpool lies?
Answer

96.

If the B mt put: If the B. putting:

So said one, but another replied: How can I put: when there is
such a-der?
Answer

97.
Why is a man who never bets, as bad as one who bets
habitually?
Answer

98.
When is a bonnet not a bonnet?
Answer

99.

Twice ten are six of us;

Six are but three:
 Nine are but four of us;
What can we be?
Would you know more of us?
I’ll tell you more;
Seven are five of us,
Five are but four!

Answer

100.

As I was going to St. Ives’

I met seven wives;
Each wife had seven sacks,
Each sack had seven cats,
Each cat had seven kits,—
Kits, cats, sacks and wives,
How many were going to St. Ives’?

Answer

101.
Helen, after sitting an hour, dressed for a walk, at length set out
alone, leaving the following laconic note for the friend who, she had
expected, would accompany her:
2 8.
2
Answer

102.
Come and commiserate one who was blind,
Helpless and desolate, void of a mind;
Guileless, deceiving; though unbelieving,
Free from all sin.
By mortals adored, still I ignored
The world I was in.
King Ptolemy’s, Cæsar’s, and Tiglath Pilezer’s
Birth days are shown;
Wise men, astrologers, all are acknowledgers,
Mine is unknown.
I never had father or mother
Alive at my birth.
Lodged in a palace, taunted by malice,
I did not inherit by lineage or merit,
A spot on the earth.
Nursed among pagans, no one baptized me,
Sponsor I had, who ne’er catechised me;
She gave me the name to her heart that was dearest;
She gave me the place to her bosom was nearest;
But one look of kindness she cast on me never,
Nor word of my blindness I heard from her ever.
Encompassed by strangers, naught could alarm me;
I saved, I destroyed, I blessed, I alloyed;
Kept a crown for a prince, but had none of my own;
Filled the place of a king, but ne’er had a throne;
Rescued a warrior, baffled a plot;
Was what I seemed not, seemed what I was not;
Devoted to slaughter, a price on my head,
A king’s lovely daughter watched by my bed.
How gently she dressed me, fainting with fear!
She never caressed me, nor wiped off a tear;
Ne’er moistened my lips, though parched and dry,
What marvel a blight should pursue and defy?
’Twas royalty nursed me wretched and poor;
’Twas royalty cursed me in secret, I’m sure.
I lived not, I died not, but tell you I must,
That ages have passed since I first turned to dust.
This paradox whence? this squalor, this splendor?
Say, was I king, or silly pretender?
Fathom the mystery, deep in my history—
Was I a man?
An angel supernal, a demon infernal?
Solve it who can.
 Answer

103.
A blind beggar had a brother. This blind beggar’s brother went to
sea and was drowned. But the man that was drowned had no
brother. What relation to him, then, was the blind beggar?
Answer

104.
Two brothers were walking together down the street, and one of
them, stopping at a certain house, knocked at the door, observing: “I
have a niece here, who is ill.” “Thank Heaven,” said the other, “I have
no niece!” and he walked away. Now, how could that be?
Answer

105.
“How is that man related to you?” asked one gentleman of
another.

“Brother or sister I have none,

But that man’s father was my father’s son.”

Answer

106.
 Describe a cat’s clothing botanically.
Answer

107.
What is that which boys and girls have once in a lifetime, men
and women never have, and Mt. Parnassus has twice in one place?
Answer

108.
Why is the highest mountain in Wales always white?
Answer

109.
To what two cities of Massachusetts should little boys go with
their boats?
Answer

110.

There kneels in holy St. Cuthbert’s aisles

No holier Father than Father Giles:
Matins or Vespers, it matters not which,
He is ever there like a saint in his niche;
Morning and midnight his Missal he reads,
Midnight and morning he tells his beads.
Wide-spread the fame of that holy man!
Potent his blessing, and dreaded his ban:
Wondrous the marvels his piety works
On unbelieving heathen, and infidel Turks,
But strangest of all is the power he is given
To turn maidens’ hearts to the service of Heaven.

St. Ursula’s Prioress comes to-day,

At holy St. Cuthbert’s shrine to pray,
She comes with an offering; she comes with a prayer;
For she leads to the altar the Lady Clare.
Mary Mother! how fair a maid
To yield the world for the cloister’s shade!

She yields, to-morrow, her gold and lands

For the Church’s use, to the Church’s hands,
Renounces the world, with its pleasures and wiles,
And to-day she confesses to Father Giles:
Slight is the penance, I ween, may atone
For all of sin she hath ever known!

“Daughter! since last thou didst kneel for grace,

Hath peace in thy heart found a dwelling-place?
From thy breast hast thou banished each idle thought?
Save thy spirit’s weal hast thou pined for naught?”
Moist is her kerchief, and drooped her head,
But my FIRST is all that poor Clara said.

“Daughter! thy cheek hath grown pale and thin—

Is thy spirit pure and chastened within?
Gone from thy voice is its ancient mirth?
Are thy sighs for Heaven? Thy tears for earth?”
For earth are her sighs, yet poor Clara knows
My SECOND no more than the spring’s first rose!

Why doth he tremble, that holy man,

At eye so sad, and at cheek so wan?
Less burning the tears, less bitter the sighs
Heaven asks from its willing votaries!
And, alas! when my ALL weeps as Clara weeps,
Holy Church gaineth more than she ofttimes keeps!

Answer
 NOTABLE NAMES.

111.

One name that means such fiery things

I can’t describe their pains and stings.

Answer

112.

Red as an apple, or black as night:

A heavenly sign, or a “perfect fright.”

Answer

113.

Place an edible grain ’twixt an ant and a bee,

And the well-beloved name of a poet you’ll see.

Answer

114.

Each human head, in time, ’tis said,

Will turn to him, though he is dead.
 Answer

115.

A little more
Than a sandy shore.

Answer

116.

The dearest, “sweetest, spot on earth to me,”

And, just surpassing it, a name you’ll see.

Answer

117.
A head-dress.
Answer

118.
Inclining to one of the four parts of the compass.
Answer

119.
A mineral and a chain of hills.
Answer

120.
A metal, and a worker in metals.
Answer

121.
A sound made by an insect; and a fastening.
Answer

122.
A sound made by an animal; and a fastening.
Answer

123.
A sound made by an animal, and a measure of length.
Answer

124.
A Latin noun and a measure of quantity.
 Answer

125.
A bodily pain.
Answer

126.
The value of a word.
Answer

127.
A manufactured metal.
Answer

128.
To agitate a weapon.
Answer

129.
A domestic animal, and what she cannot do.
Answer
 130.
Which is the greater poet, William Shakespeare or John Dryden?
Answer

131.
A barrier before an edible; a barrier built of an edible.
Answer

132.
One-fourth of the earth’s surface, and a preposition.
Answer

133.
One-fourth of the earth’s surface, and a conjunction.
Answer

134.
A song; to follow the chase.
Answer
 135.
A solid fence, a native of Poland.
Answer

136.
An incessant pilgrim; fourteen pounds weight.
Answer

137.
A quick succession of small sounds.
Answer

138.
Obsolete past participle of a verb meaning to illuminate.
Answer

139.
A carriage, a liquid, a narrow passage.
Answer
 140.
To prosecute, and one who is guarded.
Answer

141.
A letter withdraws from a name to make it more brilliant.
Answer

142.
A letter withdraws from a name and tells you to talk more.
Answer

143.
Why is a man who lets houses, likely to have a good many
cousins?
Answer

144.
What relation is the door-mat to the door-step?
Answer
 145.
What is it that gives a cold, cures a cold, and pays the doctor’s
bill?
Answer

146.
What is brought upon the table, and cut but never eaten?
Answer

147.
What cord is that which is full of knots which no one can untie,
and in which no one can tie another?
Answer

148.
What requires more philosophy than taking things as they come?
Answer

149.
What goes most against a farmer’s grain?
Answer
 150.
Which of Shakespeare’s characters killed most poultry?
Answer

151.
THE BISHOP OF OXFORD’S RIDDLE.

I have a large box,1 two lids,2 two caps,3 two musical

instruments,4 and a large number of articles which a carpenter
cannot dispense with.5 I have always about me a couple of good
fish,6 and a great number of small size;7 two lofty trees,8 and four
branches of trees;9 some fine flowers,10 and the fruit of an
indigenous plant.11 I have two playful animals,12 and a vast number
of smaller ones;13 also, a fine stag,14 and a number of whips without
handles.15
I have two halls or places of worship,16 some weapons of
warfare,17 and innumerable weather-cocks;18 the steps of a hotel;19
the House of Commons on the eve of a division;20 two students or
scholars,21 and ten Spanish gentlemen to wait upon their
neighbors.22
To these may be added, a rude bed;a the highest part of a
building;b a roadway over water;c leaves of grass;d a pair of
rainbows;e a boat;f a stately pillar;g a part of a buckle;h several social
assemblies;i part of the equipments of a saddle-horse;j a pair of
implements matched by another pair of implements much used by
blacksmiths;j several means of fastening.k
Answer
 152.

Be thou my FIRST in study or in play,

Through all the sunny hours which make the day.
Go to my SECOND, and do not despise
Her useful teachings, wonderful and wise:
Yet, for this purpose, never be my WHOLE,
Nor seek to wander from a wise control.

Answer

153.

Be sure you do my FIRST, whene’er you see

My SECOND in the garden or the tree;
But set my WHOLE upon the open plain
If you would have a plenteous crop of grain.

Answer

154.

My FIRST is a house men love to view;

My SECOND you do when you fasten your shoe;
My THIRD is one of a loving two;
My WHOLE I fain would be with you.

Answer

155.
 1. A common fish, or an Eastern bay;
2. Part of a visage, or self to say;
3. The lowest part of window or door;
Whole. The end of a will that was made before.

Answer

156.
I have a little friend who possesses something very precious. It is
a piece of workmanship of exquisite skill, and was said by our
Blessed Saviour to be an object of His Father’s peculiar care; yet it
does not display the attribute of either benevolence or compassion. If
its possessor were to lose it, no human ingenuity could replace it;
and yet, speaking generally, it is very abundant. It was first given to
Adam in Paradise, along with his beautiful Eve, though he previously
had it in his possession.
It will last as long as the world lasts, and yet it is destroyed every
day. It lives in beauty after the grave has closed over mortality. It is to
be found in all parts of the earth, while three distinct portions of it
exist in the air. It is seen on the field of carnage, yet it is a bond of
affection, a token of amity, a pledge of pure love. It was the cause of
death to one famed for beauty and ambition. I have only to add that it
has been used as a napkin and a crown, and that it appears like
silver after long exposure to the air.
Answer

157.
When the king found that his money was nearly all gone, and that
he really must live more economically, he decided on sending away
most of his wise men. There were some hundreds of them—very fine
old men, and magnificently dressed in green velvet gowns with gold
buttons. If they had a fault, it was that they always contradicted each
other when he asked their advice—and they certainly ate and drank
enormously. So, on the whole, he was rather glad to get rid of them.
But there was an old lay which he did not dare to disobey, which said
there must always be:

“Seven blind of both eyes;

Ten blind of one eye;
Five that see with both eyes;
Nine that see with one eye.”

Query: How many did he keep?

Answer

158.
Why are not Lowell, Holmes, and Saxe the wittiest poets in
America?
Answer

159.
Why did they call William Cullen Bryant, Cullen?
Answer

160.
Why do we retain only three hundred and twenty-five days in our
year?
Answer
 161.
What seven letters express actual presence in this place; and,
without transposition, actual absence from every place?
Answer

162.
Is Florence, (Italy,) on the Tiber? If not, on what river does it lie?
Answer both questions in one word.
Answer

163.
Is there a word in our language which answers this question, and
contains all the vowels?
Answer

164.
What is it that goes up the hill; and down the hill, and never
moves?
Answer

165.