Elementary and Intermediate Algebra

4th Edition Carson Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

List all natural number factors of the given number.

1) 30 1)
A) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 B) 5, 6, 10, 30
C) 1, 5, 6, 30 D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 20, 30

2) 28 2)
A) 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 B) 2, 7, 14, 28
C) 1, 2, 7, 14, 28 D) 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28

3) 36 3)
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 18, 36 B) 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 36
C) 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 36 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36

4) 45 4)
A) 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 30, 45 B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 15, 30, 45
C) 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45 D) 1, 3, 5, 15, 45

5) 56 5)
A) 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, 18, 28, 56
C) 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56 D) 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 18, 28, 56

6) 63 6)
A) 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 63 B) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 21, 63
C) 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 21, 36, 63 D) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 21, 63

7) 66 7)
A) 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33, 66 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 16, 22, 33, 66
C) 1, 3, 11, 22, 33, 66 D) 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 22, 33, 66

8) 70 8)
A) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 20, 35, 70 B) 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 35, 70
C) 1, 2, 5, 7, 35, 70 D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 35, 70

9) 72 9)
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14, 18, 24, 36, 72 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 24, 36, 72

10) 84 10)
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 84 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42, 84
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42, 84 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 42, 84

Find the GCF.

11) 12, 16 11)
A) 4 B) 12 C) 2 D) 1

12) 40, 48 12)

A) 8 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4

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13) 20, 37 13)
A) 37 B) 10 C) 1 D) 2

14) 120, 280 14)

A) 5 B) 8 C) 20 D) 40

15) 136, 272 15)

A) 136 B) 17 C) 8 D) 68

16) 44, 55 16)

A) 10 B) 220 C) 20 D) 11

17) 45, 60, 105 17)

A) 45 B) 7 C) 1 D) 15

18) 42, 56, 98 18)

A) 14 B) 28 C) 2 D) 7

19) 126, 36, 162 19)

A) 14 B) 18 C) 2 D) 6

20) 18, 21, 30 20)

A) 1 B) 18 C) 6 D) 3

21) 4s, 6 21)

A) 4 B) 12s C) 2s D) 2

22) 14m 3 , 56m8 22)

A) 14m 5 B) 56m3 C) 14m 3 D) 784m5

23) 56x2 , 28x7 23)

A) 42x2 B) 56x2 C) 28x2 D) 14x5

24) s6 t6, s2 t8 24)

A) s8 t8 B) s2 t6 C) s2 t2 D) s6 t6

25) -m 4 n 3 , -mn 2 25)

A) -mn 2 B) n 2 C) -m4 n 2 D) m 4 n 3

26) 64a 10b3, 40a 6 b10 26)

A) 8a10b10 B) 8a 6 b3 C) 320a 10b10 D) 4a 4 b7

27) 4x4 y8 , 16y6 z 4 27)

A) 2y6 B) 4xyz C) 4y6 D) x4 y6

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 28) p2q3 r, p5 q2 r4 28)
A) p2 q2 B) p2 q2 r C) p3 q2 r4 D) p3 q1 r3

Factor out the GCF.

29) 5z - 30 29)
A) 5(z + 6) B) 6(z - 5) C) 5(z - 6) D) 5(z - 30)

30) 8x + 24 30)
A) 3(x + 8) B) 8 C) 8(x + 24) D) 8(x + 3)

31) xz-xy 31)

A) x(z - y) B) x(z + y) C) xz(-xy) D) x

32) 5x2 + 20x 32)

A) 5x(x + 4) B) x(5x + 20) C) 5x2 (x + 4) D) 5x(x + 20)

33) 4x3 + 4x 33)

A) 4x(x2 + 1) B) 4(x4 + 1) C) 4x(x2 ) D) 4(x3 + x)

34) t9 - 17t4 34)

A) t4 (t5 + 17) B) t5 (t4 - 17) C) t(t8 - 17t3 ) D) t4 (t5 - 17)

35) 8s6 + 32s4 35)

A) 32(s2 + 4s) B) 8s4 (s2 + 4) C) 8(s6 + 4s4 ) D) s4 (8s2 + 32)

36) m4 n 2 - m 3 n 4 36)
A) m4 n 4 (m - n 2 ) B) mn(8 - 12) C) m4 n 2 (1 - mn 2 ) D) m 3 n 2(m - n 2 )

37) 6s7 t2 + 2s5 t3 37)

A) 2s5 t2(3s2 + t) B) 2s2 t(3s + t) C) 2s7 t3(3s2 + t) D) s5 t2 (6s + 2t)

38) 3x2 y4 + 24x2 y3 38)

A) 3x3 y2 (y + 8) B) y + 8 C) 3x2 y3 (y + 8) D) x2 y3 (3y + 8)

39) 3t2 - 12t - 6 39)

A) 3(t2 - 12t - 6) B) 3(t2 - 4t - 2) C) 3t(t2 - 4t - 2) D) 3(t2 - 9t - 3)

40) 12wx - 9wy - 12wz 40)

A) 3w(4x - 9wy - 12wz) B) 3w(4x - 3y - 4z)
C) 12w(x - 9y - 12z) D) 3(4wx - 3wy - 4wz)

41) 6m 9 + 12m 5 + 6m 3 41)

A) m3 (6m 6 + 12m 2 + 6) B) 6(1m 9 + 2m5 + 1m3 )
C) 6m3 (1m 6 + 2m 2 + 1) D) no common factor

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 42) 64m 7 + 96m5 - 144m 2 42)
A) 16(4m7 + 6m5 - 9m 2) B) no common factor
C) 16m 2 (4m 5 + 6m3 - 9) D) m2 (64m 5 + 96m 3 - 144)

43) 144x9 y9 - 128x7 y6 - 32x2 y4 43)

A) no common factor B) 16(9x9 y9 - 8x7 y6 - 2x2 y4 )
C) 16x2 (9x7 y9 - 8x5 y6 - 2y4) D) 16x2 y4 (9x7 y5 - 8x5 y2 - 2)

44) 20x9 y7 + 36x3 y5 - 12x6 y3 44)

A) 4x3 y3 (5x6 y4 + 9y2 - 3x3 ) B) no common factor
C) 4(5x9 y7 + 9x3 y5 - 3x6 y3 ) D) 4x3(5x6 y7 + 9y5 - 3x3y3 )

45) 4x12 - 8x9 + 12x6 - 16x3 45)

A) 4(x9 - 2x6 + 3x3 - 4) B) 4x3(x9 - 2x6 + 3x3 - 4)
C) x3(x9 - 2x6 + 3x3 - 4) D) 4x3(x4 - 2x3 + 3x2 - 4)

46) x8 y6 - x8y5 + x6 y3 - x5 y3 46)

A) x5y3 (x3y3 - x2 y2 + x - 1) B) x5 y3 (x2 y3 - x2 y2 + xy - 1)
C) x4y3 (x3y3 + x3 y2 + x + 1) D) x5 y3 (x3 y3 - x3 y2 + x - 1)

47) n 5 - 29nw6 + 11n 3 w8 - 23n 5 w6 47)

A) n 2 (n 4 - 29w5 + 11n 2w7 - 23n 4 w5 ) B) nw6 (n 4 - 29 + 11n 2 w2 - 23n 4 )
C) n(n 4 - 29w6 + 11n 2 w8 - 23n 4 w6 ) D) nw(n 4 - 29w5 + 11n 2 w7 - 23n 4 w5)

Factor by factoring out the negative of the GCF.

48) -5z + 35 48)
A) -5(z - 7) B) -5(z - 35) C) -7(z - 5) D) -5(z + 7)

49) -9x - 27 49)

A) -9(x + 3) B) -3(x + 9) C) -9 D) -9(x + 27)

50) -5x2 - 10x 50)

A) -x(5x + 10) B) -5x(x + 10) C) -5x(x + 2) D) -5x2 (x + 2)

51) -18x7 - 18x 51)

A) -18(x8 + 1) B) -18x(x6 ) C) -18(x7 + x) D) -18x(x6 + 1)

52) -3t2 + 12t + 15 52)

A) -3t(t2 + 4t + 5) B) -3(t2 - 12t - 15) C) -3(t2 - 4t - 5) D) -3(t2 - 9t - 12)

53) -6x3 - 12x2 + 9x 53)

A) -3(2x3 + 4x2 - 3x) B) -6x(x2 + 2x - 3)
C) -3x(2x2 - 4x + 3) D) -3x(2x2 + 4x - 3)

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 54) -15s6 t3 - 5s4 t4 54)
A) -s4 t3(15s + 5t) B) -5s4t3 (3s2 + t) C) -5s6 t4 (3s2 + t) D) -5s2t(3s + t)

55) -15wx + 6wy + 12wz 55)

A) -3w(5x - 6wy - 12wz) B) -15w(x - 6y - 12z)
C) -3(5wx - 2wy - 4wz) D) -3w(5x - 2y - 4z)

56) -6x12 + 12x9 - 18x6 + 24x3 56)

A) -6(x9 - 2x6 + 3x3 - 4) B) -6x3 (x9 - 2x6 + 3x3 - 4)
C) -x3 (x9 - 2x6 + 3x3 - 4) D) -6x3 (x4 - 2x3 + 3x2 - 4)

57) -x7 y6 + x7 y5 - x5y3 + x4 y3 57)

A) -x4 y3 (x2 y3 - x2y2 + xy - 1) B) -x4y3 (x3y3 - x3 y2 + x - 1)
C) -x4 y3 (x3 y3 - x2y2 + x - 1) D) -x3y3 (x3y3 + x3 y2 + x + 1)

Factor out the polynomial GCF.

58) s(u + v) + t(u + v) 58)
A) st(u + v) B) (s + t)(uv) C) (s + u)(t + v) D) (s + t)(u + v)

59) x(y + 4) - z(y + 4) 59)

A) (x - z)(y + 4) B) (x + y)(-z + 4) C) (x - z)(4y) D) xz(y + 4)

60) r(s - 1) + 9(s - 1) 60)

A) 9r(s - 1) B) (r - 9)(s + 1) C) (r + 9)(s - 1) D) r(s - 1) + 9

61) j(k - 4) - 2(k - 4) 61)

A) -2j (k - 4) B) (j - 2)(k + 4) C) (j + 2)(k - 4) D) (j - 2)(k - 4)

62) t(3 - m) + s(3 - m) 62)

A) (t + s)(3 - m) B) (t - s)(3 - m)
C) t(3 - m) + s D) no common factor

63) 6x(5x + 3) - 5(5x + 3) 63)

A) (6x + 5)(5x - 3) B) (30x + 5)(x - 3) C) (30x - 5)(x + 3) D) (6x - 5)(5x + 3)

64) 5m(5 - m) + 4n(5 - m) 64)

A) (5m + 4n)(5 - m) B) (5m - 4n)(5 - m)
C) m(5 + 4n)(5 - 1) D) no common factor

Factor by grouping.
65) r3 + r2 + 3r + 3 65)
A) (r2 + 3)(r + 3) B) (r2 + 3)(r + 1) C) (r2 + 1)(r + 3) D) (r2 + 3)(r - 3)

66) y2 + 2y + 8y + 16 66)
A) (y + 2)(y + 8) B) (y - 2)(y - 8) C) (y + 2)(y - 8) D) y(y + 26)

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 67) x3 + 5x2 + 8x + 40 67)
A) (x + 5x)(x2 + 8) B) (x + 5)(x2 + 8) C) (x + 5)(x2 - 8) D) (x - 5)(x3 + 8)

68) uv - 5u + 5v - 25 68)
A) (v - 5)(u - 5) B) 5u(v - 5) C) (v - 5)(u + 5) D) (v + 5)(u - 5)

69) 28r2 + 21ry - 4xr - 3xy 69)

A) (4r + 3y)(7r - x) B) (4r + 3y)(7x - r) C) (3r + 4y)(7r - x) D) (4r + 3y)(x - 7r)

70) 40 - 8r - 5s + rs 70)
A) (5 - r)(8 - s) B) (5 + r)(8 + s) C) (5 - r)(8 + s) D) (5 + r)(8 - s)

71) pq - 4p + q - 4 71)
A) (p + 1)(q - 4) B) p(q - 4) C) p(q - 4) + 1 D) (p - 1)(q - 4)

72) 18wx - 6wy - 3xz + yz 72)

A) (6 - z)(3wx - y) B) (6wz)(3x - y)
C) (6w - z)(3x - y) D) (6w + z)(3x + y)

73) x3 + 6x2 - 10x - 60 73)

A) (x + 6)(x3 - 10x) B) (x2 + 6)(x - 10)
C) (x + 6)(x2 - 10) D) (x - 6)(x2 - 10)

74) 2x3 - 6x2 - 4x + 12 74)

A) (x + 3)(2x2 - 4) B) (x - 3)(2x2 - 4)
C) (x + 12)(x2 - 6x - 4) D) (x - 3)(x2 + 4)

Factor completely.
75) 5x2 + 5xy + 35x + 35y 75)
A) 5(y + x)(y + 7) B) (x + y)(x + 7) C) 7(x + y)(x + 5) D) 5(x + y)(x + 7)

76) 12m 2 n + 24m2 - 4mn - 8m 76)

A) 4m(3m + 1)(n - 2) B) m(3m - 1)(n - 2)
C) 4m(3m - 1)(n + 2) D) (3m - 1)(n + 2)

77) 2x2 - 2x2y - 10x + 10xy 77)

A) 2(1 + y)(x + 5) B) (1 - y)(x - 5) C) 2x(y - 1)(x + 5) D) 2x(1 - y)(x - 5)

78) 6p3 - 6p2 q + p3 q - p2 q2 78)

A) p2 (p - q)(6 + q) B) (p - q)(6 + q)
C) p2 (p + q)(6 - q) D) p(p2 - pq)(6 + q)

6
Write an expression for the area of the shaded region; then factor completely.
79) 79)
x

5x 6x

x+4
A) x2(1 + 24x) B) x(x + 24) C) x(24x + 1) D) x(x2 + 24)

80) 80)

18x

x 24x

x+3
A) 3x(x + 12) B) 6x(x + 18) C) 6x(x + 12) D) 3x(x + 18)

81) 81)

h h+4

2h

4h
A) 8h(h + 1) B) h(h + 8) C) h(4h + 1) D) h(h - 4)

82) 82)

h + 16 h

12h

28h
A) 8h(h + 4) B) h(8h + 28) C) 28(h 2 + 8) D) 8h(h + 28)

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Solve the problem.
83) A rectangular photograph measures 27 inches by 42 inches. The photographer wishes to frame the 83)
photograph with a frame x inches wide, as shown. Write an expression in factored form for the
area of the frame in terms of x.

42

27

A) 2x(2x + 69) B) 2(2x2 + 69x + 1134)

C) 2(x + 21)(2x + 27) D) 4x(x - 69)

84) A homeowner is measuring a room in order to purchase new carpet. The diagram shows the floor 84)
plan of the room with the landing. Write an expression in factored form of the area of the room
excluding the landing, which is 2 feet by 4 feet.
9x + 2

6x + 4

5x
A) 2x(29x + 24) B) 59x2 + 48x C) 5x(10x + 23) D) 2x(25x + 23)

85) Write an expression in factored form for the area of the side of the house shown excluding the 85)
window.

16x

4x
24x
8x

40x + 12
A) 96x(11x + 8) B) 96x(13x + 8) C) 96x(13x + 4) D) 96x(11x + 4)

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Complete the factoring.
86) x2 + 7x + 12 = (x + 4)( ) 86)
A) x2 + 3 B) x + 8 C) x - 11 D) x + 3

87) x2 + 6x - 16 = (x + 8)( ) 87)

A) x + 2 B) -x - 2 C) 2 - x D) x - 2

88) x2 - 11x + 28 = (x - 7)( ) 88)

A) 7 - x B) x - 4 C) x2 + 7 D) x + 4

89) x2 - 4x - 21 = (x - 7)( ) 89)

A) x2 + 7 B) x - 3 C) x + 3 D) 7 - x

Factor. If the polynomial is prime, so state.

90) s2 + 6s + 9 90)
A) (s + 9)(s + 6) B) (s + 9)(s - 1) C) (s + 3)(s + 3) D) (s - 3)(s - 3)

91) u2 - 16u + 63 91)

A) (u + 7)(u + 9) B) (u - 7)(u - 9) C) (u + 7)(u - 9) D) (u - 7)(u + 9)

92) x2 - x - 42 92)
A) (x + 7)(x - 6) B) (x + 1)(x - 42) C) (x + 6)(x - 7) D) prime

93) x2 + 5x - 84 93)
A) (x - 12)(x + 1) B) (x + 12)(x - 7) C) prime D) (x - 12)(x + 7)

94) x2 - 5x - 50 94)
A) prime B) (x - 5)(x + 1) C) (x + 5)(x - 10) D) (x - 5)(x + 10)

95) r2 + 2r - 8 95)
A) (r - 8)(r + 2) B) (r + 4)(r - 2) C) prime D) (r - 4)(r + 2)

96) t2 - 18t + 80 96)

A) (t + 8)(t + 10) B) (t - 8)(t - 10) C) (t - 40)(t - 2) D) prime

97) x2 - x - 54 97)
A) (x - 54)(x + 1) B) prime C) (x - 6)(x + 9) D) (x + 6)(x - 9)

98) x2 + 62x + 63 98)

A) prime B) (x + 63)(x - 1) C) (x + 9)(x - 7) D) (x - 9)(x + 7)

Factor the trinomial containing two variables. If the polynomial is prime, so state.
99) x2 + 3xy - 10y2 99)
A) (x - y)(x + 2y) B) (x + 5y)(x - 2y) C) (x - 5y)(x + y) D) (x - 5y)(x + 2y)

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 100) u2 - 2uv - 8v2 100)
A) (u + 2v)(u - 4v) B) (u - v)(u + 4v) C) (u - 2v)(u + 4v) D) (u - 2v)(u + v)

101) u2 - 4uv - 45v2 101)

A) (u - v)(u + 9v) B) (u + 5v)(u - 9v) C) (u - 5v)(u + 9v) D) (u - 5v)(u + v)

102) x2 + 3xy - 208y2 102)

A) (x - 16y)(x + y) B) (x - 16y)(x + 13y)
C) (x + 16y)(x - 13y) D) (x - y)(x + 13y)

103) x2 + 2xy - 8y2 103)

A) (x + 4y)(x - 2y) B) (x - y)(x + 2y) C) (x - 4y)(x + 2y) D) (x - 4y)(x + y)

104) u2 - 5uv - 14v2 104)

A) (u - 2v)(u + 7v) B) (u - v)(u + 7v) C) (u - 2v)(u + v) D) (u + 2v)(u - 7v)

105) x2 - 2xy - 8y2 105)

A) (x - 4y)(x + y) B) (x - 4y)(x + 2y) C) (x - y)(x + 2y) D) (x + 4y)(x - 2y)

Factor completely.
106) 2x2 - 2x - 12 106)
A) 2(x - 2)(x + 3) B) 2(x + 2)(x - 3) C) (2x + 4)(x - 3) D) Prime

107) 6x2 - 18xy - 24y2 107)

A) 6(x - y)(x + 4y) B) 6(x + y)(x - 4y)
C) Prime D) (6x - 6y)(x + 4y)

108) 2x2 - 16x + 30 108)

A) 2(x - 15)(x + 1) B) 2(x - 3)(x - 5) C) (2x - 6)(x - 5) D) (x - 3)(2x - 10)

109) 3x3 + 6x2y - 24xy2 109)

A) (x - 2y)(3x2 + 12xy) B) 3x(x + 2y)(x - 4y)
C) 3x(x - 2y)(x + 4y) D) (3x2 + 6xy)(x - 4y)

110) 4x3 + 12x2 - 40x 110)

A) (4x2 + 8x)(x - 5) B) (x - 2)(4x2 + 20) C) 4x(x - 2)(x + 5) D) 4x(x + 2)(x - 5)

111) x3 - x2 - 56x 111)

A) Prime B) x(x + 7)(x - 8) C) x(x + 8)(x - 7) D) (x2 + 1)(x - 56)

112) x3 y + 13x2y2 + 42xy3 112)

A) x(xy + 7y2 )(x + 6y) B) xy(x + 7y)(x + 6y)
C) y(x + 7y)(xy + 6y2 ) D) xy(x2 + 13x + 42y2 )

113) 2a 3 + 2a 2 - 24a 113)

A) 2a(a - 4)(a - 3) B) 2a(a + 4)(a - 3) C) 2a(a + 4)(a + 3) D) 2a(a - 4)(a + 3)

10
Find all natural number values of b that make the trinomial factorable.
114) x2 + bx + 14 114)
A) 9, 14 B) 9, 15 C) 9 D) 15

115) x2 + bx + 28 115)
A) 1, 14, 28 B) 11, 16 C) 11, 16, 29 D) 16, 29

116) x2 + bx - 39 116)
A) 38 B) 16, 40 C) 10, 38 D) 10

117) x2 + 9x + b 117)
A) 5, 6, 7, 8 B) 8, 14 C) 8, 14, 18, 20 D) 8, 14, 18

118) x2 - 10x + b 118)

A) 9, 16, 21, 24 B) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 C) 9, 16, 21, 24, 25 D) 9, 16, 21

Solve the problem.

119) The expression h 2 + 8h + 12 describes the area of the bottom of the box shown, where h represents 119)
its height. The unknown expression for the length is the sum of h and an integer, and the
expression for the width is the sum of h and a different integer. Find the expressions for the length
and width.

h
width?
length?

A) length: (h + 12); width: (h + 8) B) length: (h - 6); width: (h - 2)

C) length: (h + 12); width: (h - 1) D) length: (h + 6); width: (h + 2)

120) The expression w2 + 8w - 33 describes the area of the top of the eraser shown, where w represents 120)
the width of the base of the eraser. The unknown expression for the length of the top of the eraser
is the sum of w and an integer. The expression for the width of the top of the eraser is the
difference of w and an integer. Find the expressions for the length and width of the top of the
eraser.

length?
width?

A) length: (w - 11); width: (x + 1) B) length: (w + 8); width: (w - 3)

C) length: (w + 3); width: (w - 11) D) length: (w + 11); width: (x - 3)

11
 121) The expression w2 - 11w + 30 describes the viewing area in the framed mirror shown, where w 121)
represents the width of the frame. The unknown expression for the length of the viewing area is
the difference of w and an integer. The expression for the width of the viewing area is the
difference of w and a different integer. Find expressions for the length and width of the viewing
area in the frame.

width? w

length?

A) length: (w - 30); width: (w - 1) B) length: (w - 6 ); width: (w - 5)

C) length: (w - 5); width: (w - 6) D) length: (w - 5); width: (w - 30)

122) The expression πr2 - 12πr + 36π describes the area occupied by the circular top of the step stool 122)
shown, where r represents the radius of the circle which makes up the part on which a person
would step. The expression that describes the radius of the circular top is the difference of r and an
integer. Find the expression that describes the circular top.
radius?

A) r - 36 B) r - 6 C) r - 25 D) r - 5

Complete the factorization.

123) 8x2 + 14x + 3 = (4x + )(2x + ) 123)
A) 4, 2 B) 3, 1 C) 1, 3 D) 2, 4

124) 6x2 - 11x + 3 = (3x - )(2x - ) 124)

A) 4, 2 B) 3, 1 C) 2, 4 D) 1, 3

125) 4y2 - 25y + 25 = ( - 5)( - 5) 125)

A) y, 4y B) 4y, y C) 2y, 2y D) 4y, 2y

126) 6n 2 - 25n - 9 = ( + 1)( - 9) 126)

A) n, 6n B) 6n, n C) 3n, 2n D) 2n, 3n

127) 7m 2 - 36m + 5 = ( - 1)(m - ) 127)

A) 7m, 1 B) 5m, 7 C) 7m, 5 D) m, 5

Factor completely. If prime, so indicate.

128) 6x2 + 17x + 12 128)
A) (2x + 3)(3x + 4) B) prime C) (6x + 3)(x + 4) D) (2x - 3)(3x - 4)

12
129) 9y2 + 18y + 8 129)
A) (3y - 2)(3y - 4) B) prime C) (9y + 2)(y + 4) D) (3y + 2)(3y + 4)

130) 9z 2 + 6z - 8 130)
A) (9z + 4)(z - 2) B) prime C) (3z - 4)(3z + 2) D) (3z + 4)(3z - 2)

131) 10z 2 - 11z - 6 131)

A) (2z - 3)(5z + 2) B) (10z - 3)(z + 2) C) (2z + 3)(5z - 2) D) prime

132) 5m 2 + 26m + 24 132)

A) (m + 4)(4m + 6) B) (m - 4)(5m - 6) C) (m + 4)(5m + 6) D) (m + 6)(5m + 4)

133) 25x2 - 40x + 16 133)

A) prime B) (5x + 4)2 C) (25x - 4)(x - 4) D) (5x - 4)2

134) 4x2 - 3x + 5 134)

A) (4x - 1)(x - 5) B) prime C) (2x - 5)(2x - 1) D) (4x - 5)(x - 1)

135) 12x2 - 7xt - 12t2 135)

A) (4x - 3t)(3x + 4t) B) (4x + 3t)(3x - 4t)
C) (12x + 3t)(x - 4t) D) prime

136) 6x2 + 11xt + 3t2 136)

A) prime B) (3x + t)(2x + 3t) C) (3x - t)(2x - 3t) D) (6x + t)(x + 3t)

137) 36a 2 - 75a + 36 137)

A) 3(4a - 3)(3a - 4) B) (12a - 9)(3a - 4)
C) (4a - 3)(9a - 12) D) 3(4a + 3)(3a + 4)

138) -75x3 - 80x2 - 20x 138)

A) x(3x + 2)(-25x - 10) B) x(-15x - 10)(5x + 2)
C) -5(3x2 + 2)(5x + 2) D) -5x(3x + 2)(5x + 2)

139) 18x2 - 78x - 60 139)

A) 6(3x + 2)(x - 5) B) (3x + 2)(6x - 30)
C) 6(3x - 2)(x + 5) D) (18x + 12)(x - 5)

140) 18x2 - 63x - 36 140)

A) 9(2x - 1)(x + 4) B) (2x - 1)(9x + 36)
C) 9(2x + 1)(x - 4) D) (18x - 9)(x + 4)

141) 6y2 + 27y - 15 141)

A) (6y - 3)(y + 5) B) (2y - 1)(3y + 15)
C) 3(2y - 1)(y + 5) D) 3(2y + 1)(y - 5)

13
 142) 6x3 + 35x2 - 6x 142)
A) prime B) x(6x + 1)(x - 6) C) (6x2 - 1)(x + 6) D) x(6x - 1)(x + 6)

143) -42x2 - 35x + 42 143)

A) -7(3x - 2)(2x + 3) B) prime
C) (-21x + 14)(2x + 3) D) -7(3x + 2)(2x - 3)

144) 60x2 + 35xy + 5y2 144)

A) prime B) 5(3x + y)(4x + y)
C) 5(3x - y)(4x - y) D) (15x + 5y)(4x + y)

145) 10x2 y2 - 21xy2 - 10y2 145)

A) y2(x + 2)(10x - 5) B) (2x + 2y)(5x - 5y)
C) y2(5x + 2)(2x - 5) D) (5x + 2y)(2x - 5y)

Find all natural numbers that can replace b and make the expression factorable.
146) 3x2 + bx + 7 146)
A) 10 or 21 B) 10 or 22 C) 10 D) 22

147) 5x2 + bx + 10 147)

A) 15 B) 15 or 27 C) 15 or 51 D) 15, 27, or 51

148) 3x2 + bx - 5 148)

A) 8 or 16 B) 2 or 14 C) 14 D) 2

149) 8x2 + bx - 5 149)

A) 3, 6, 18, or 39 B) 9, 18, 27, or 36 C) 6, 18, or 39 D) 3 or 6

Solve the problem.

150) Given the area of the figure, factor to find possible expressions for the length and the width. 150)

Area = 12x2 + 25x + 12

A) (12x + 4)(x - 12) B) (12x + 4)(x + 3)

C) (3x - 4)(4x - 3) D) (3x + 4)(4x + 3)

151) Given the area of the figure, factor to find possible expressions for the length and the width. 151)

Area = 10y2 + 19y + 6

A) (10y + 3)(y + 2) B) (10y + 3)(y + 10)

C) (2y + 3)(5y + 2) D) (2y - 3)(5y - 2)

14
 152) Given the area of the figure, factor to find possible expressions for the length and the width. 152)

Area = 12x2 + 25x + 12

A) (12x + 3)(x + 4) B) (4x + 3)(3x + 4) C) (12x + 3)(x + 3) D) (4x - 3)(3x - 4)

153) Two adjacent parking lots are for sale. The area of the larger parking lot is described as 153)
20w2 + 3w - 9 square feet, where w is the width of the smaller parking lot. Factor to find possible
expressions for the dimensions of the larger parking lot.

A) (20w + 3)(w - 3) B) (4w + 3)(5w - 3)

C) (4w - 3)(5w + 3) D) (5w - 3)(20w + 3)

154) A sifter used at an archaeological dig has an area of 8h 2 - 31h - 45 square inches, where h 154)
represents the height of the lip of the sifter. Factor to find possible expressions for the width and
length of the sifter.

h
?

A) (8h + 9)(h - 5) B) (8h - 5)(h + 9) C) (8h + 1)(h - 45) D) (9h + 8)(h - 5)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

155) What steps would you take to factor x2 + 7x + 10 ? 155)

15
 156) What steps would you take to factor x2 - 8x + 16 ? 156)

157) Use the FOIL method to show that (2x + 4)(x - 5) is 2x2 - 6x - 20. If you were asked to 157)
completely factor 2x2 - 6x - 20, why would it be incorrect to give (2x + 4)(x - 5) as your
answer?

158) Explain the error in the following: 158)

x2 + 2x - 15 = (x - 5)(x + 3)

159) Assuming you have factored out the largest common factor at the outset, why can you 159)
reject a possible factor such as (2x + 2) or (3x - 6) when you are factoring a trinomial?

160) Explain the error in the following: 25x2 + 10x - 4 = (5x + 2)2 160)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Factor the trinomial that is a perfect square. If it is not a perfect square, respond "not a perfect square."
161) x2 + 50x + 625 161)
A) (x - 25)2 B) (x + 25)2
C) (x + 25)(x - 25) D) not a perfect square

162) x2 - 4x + 16 162)
A) not a perfect square B) (x + 4)(x - 4)
C) (x - 4)2 D) (x + 4)2

163) b2 - 18b + 81 163)

A) not a perfect square B) (b + 9)(b - 9)
C) (b + 9)2 D) (b - 9)2

164) m2 + 22m + 121 164)

A) (m + 11)2 B) (m - 11)2
C) not a perfect square D) (m + 11)(m - 11)

165) x2 - 10xy + 25y2 165)

A) not a perfect square B) (x + 5y)2
C) (x - 5y)(x + 5y) D) (x - 5y) 2

166) 4x2 + 28x + 49 166)

A) (2x - 7)2 B) (2x + 7)(2x - 7)
C) not a perfect square D) (2x + 7)2

167) 25x2 + 70xy + 49y2 167)

A) not a perfect square B) (5x + 7)2
C) (5x + 7y)(5x - 7y) D) (5x - 7)2

16
 168) b2 - 5b + 25 168)
A) (b + 5)2 B) (b + 5)(b - 5)
C) (b - 5)2 D) not a perfect square

Factor the binomial that is a difference of squares. If prime, so state.

169) y2 - 81 169)
A) (y + 9)2 B) (y - 9)2 C) (y + 9)(y - 9) D) prime

170) y2 - s2 170)
A) (y2 - s)(y2 + s) B) prime C) (y - s)(y + s) D) (y - s)(y - s)

171) 49x2 - 16 171)

A) (7x + 4)(7x - 4) B) (7x + 4)2 C) (7x - 4)2 D) prime

172) 25y4 - 64 172)

A) (5y2 + 8)2 B) (5y2 - 8)2
C) prime D) (5y2 + 8)(5y2 - 8)

173) 169k2 - 81m2 173)

A) prime B) (13k + 9m)(13k - 9m)
C) (13k - 9m)2 D) (13k + 9m)2

174) 9s2 - 4t4 174)

A) prime B) (3s - 2t2)2
C) (3s + 2t2 )(3s - 2t2 ) D) (3s + 2t2 )2

Factor.
175) x3 - 8 175)
A) Prime B) (x - 2)(x2 + 2x + 4)
C) (x + 2)(x2 - 2x + 4) D) (x - 2)3

176) y3 - 216 176)

A) (y - 6)(y2 + 6y + 36) B) (y - 6)(y2 - 36)
C) (y + 6)(y2 - 6y - 36) D) (y - 6)(y2 + 6y - 36)

177) 1000p3 - 1 177)

A) (10p - 1)(100p2 + 1) B) Prime
C) (10p - 1)(100p2 + 10p + 1) D) (10p - 1)3

178) 125r3 - 216 178)

A) (5r - 6)(25r2 + 30r + 36) B) (5r - 6)(25r2 - 36)
C) (5r - 6)(25r2 - 30r - 36) D) (5r + 6)(25r2 + 30r + 36)

17
 179) 729y3 - 512 179)
A) Prime B) (9y - 8)3
C) (9y - 8)(81y2 + 72y + 64) D) (9y - 8)(81y2 + 64)

180) 729y3 - 1000 180)

A) (729y - 10)(y2 + 90y + 100) B) (9y - 10)(81y2 + 90y + 100)
C) (9y + 10)(81y2 - 90y + 100) D) (9y - 10)(81y2 + 100)

181) 125a 3 - 64b3 181)

A) (5a - 4b)(25a 2 + 16b2 ) B) (5a + 4b2 )(25a 2 - 20ab + 16b2 )
C) (5a - 4b)(25a 2 + 20ab + 16b2 ) D) (125a - 4b)(a2 + 20ab + 16b2 )

182) d3 + 27 182)
A) (d + 3)(d2 - 3d - 9) B) (d + 3)(d2 + 9)
C) (d + 3)(d2 - 3d + 9) D) (d + 3)(d2 + 3d + 9)

183) t3 + 125 183)

A) (t + 5)(t2 + 25) B) (t - 5)(t2 + 5t + 25)
C) (t - 125)(t2 - 1) D) (t + 5)(t2 - 5t + 25)

184) 125p3 + 1 184)

A) (5p + 1)(25p2 + 1) B) (5p + 1)(25p2 - 5p + 1)
C) (5p - 1)(25p2 + 5p + 1) D) (125p + 1)(p2 - 5p + 1)

185) 125k3 + m 3 185)

A) (5k + m)(25k2 + m 2 ) B) (5k + m)(25k2 - 5km + m 2 )
C) (5k + m)(25k2 - 5km - m 2) D) (5k + m)(25k2 + 5km + m 2 )

186) 343s3 + 125t3 186)

A) (7s + 5t)(49s2 - 35st + 25t2 ) B) (10s + 5t)(49s2 + 25t2 )
C) (7s + 5t)(49s2 + 35st + 25t2 ) D) (7s - 5t)(49s2 - 35st + 25t2 )

187) 64c3 + 343 187)

A) (4c - 7)(16c2 + 28c + 49) B) (64c + 7)(c2 - 28c + 49)
C) (4c + 7)(16c2 + 49) D) (4c + 7)(16c2 - 28c + 49)

188) 125x12 + 27y9 188)

A) (5x4 - 3y3 )(25x2 + 15x4 y3 + 9y6 b2 ) B) (5x4 + 3y3 )(25x8 - 15x4 y3 + 9y6 )
C) (5x4 + 3y3 )(25x8 + 15x4 y3 + 9y6 ) D) (5x4 - 3y3 )( 5x4 + 3y3 )

Factor. If prime, so state.

189) 392x2 - 128 189)
A) (7x + 4)(56x - 32) B) (56x + 32)(7x - 4)
C) 8(7x + 4)(7x - 4) D) 8(7x - 4)2

18
 190) 128x2 - 18y2 190)
A) 2(8x + 3y) 2 B) (8x - 3y)(16x + 6y)
C) (16x - 6y)(8x + 3y) D) 2(8x - 3y)(8x + 3y)

191) 49x - 16x3 191)

A) x(7 + 4x)2 B) x(7 - 4x)(7 - 4x)
C) x(7 + 4x)(7 - 4x) D) prime

192) 98a 4 - 8b2 192)

A) 2(7a 2 + 2b) 2 B) 2(7a 2 - 2b)2
C) prime D) 2(7a 2 + 2b)(7a 2 - 2b)

193) 8a 4 b - 18b3 193)

A) 2b(2a 2 + 3b)(2a 2 - 3b) B) 2b(2a + 3b) 2
C) prime D) 2b(2a - 3b) 2

194) 128 - 2x4 y4 194)

A) 2(8 + x2 y2 )(8 - x2y2 ) B) 2(8 + xy2 )(8 - xy2 )
C) prime D) 2(64 + x2 y2 )(64 - x2 y2 )

195) 2u3 + 54 195)

A) (u + 3)(u2 - 3u + 9) B) 2(u + 3)(u2 - 3u + 9)
C) (u - 3)(u2 + 3u - 9) D) 2(u - 3)(u2 + 3u + 9)

196) x5 + 125x2 196)

A) x3(x - 5)(x2 + 5x + 25) B) x2 (x + 5)(x2 - 5x + 25)
C) (x + 5)(x2 - 5x + 25) D) x2 (x - 5)(x2 + 5x - 25)

197) 3m 4 + 192m 197)

A) 3m(m - 4)(m 2 + 4m + 16) B) (m + 4)(m2 - 4m + 16)
C) 3m(m + 4)(m2 - 4m + 16) D) 3(m - 4)(m 2 + 4m + 16)

198) 4c4 - 256cd3 198)

A) 4(c + 4)(c2 - 4c + 16) B) c(c + 4d)(c2 - 4cd + 16d)
C) 4c(c - 4d)(c2 + 4cd + 16d2 ) D) 4c(c + 4d)(c2 - 4cd + 16d2 )

199) 64xy4 + 125x4 y 199)

A) xy(4y - 5y)(4y2 + 20xy + 5x2 ) B) (4y - 5y)(16y2 + 20xy + 25x2 )
C) x(4y + 5y)(16y2 - 20xy + 25x2 ) D) xy(4y - 5x)(16y2 + 20xy + 25x2 )

Factor completely.
200) (r + s)2 - 4 200)
A) (r + s + 2)2 B) (r + s - 2)(r + s + 2)
C) (r + s - 2)2 D) (r + s)2 - 2 2

19
 201) 49(x + 3)2 - 4y2 201)
A) 7(x + 3) - 7y 7(x + 3) - 2y B) (x + 3) - 2y (x + 3) + 2y
C) 7(x + 3) - 2y 7(x + 3) + 2y D) 7(x + 3)2 - 2y 7(x + 3)2 + 2y

202) (s + 4)3 - 8 202)

A) (s + 2)(s2 - 6s + 20) B) (s - 2)(s2 - 10s + 28)
C) (s2 + 2)(s2 + 10) D) (s + 2)(s2 + 10s + 28)

203) (s + 7)3 - 343 203)

A) (s - 7)(s2 - 21s + 147) B) s(s2 - 21s + 147)
C) s(s + 7)(s - 49) D) s(s2 + 21s + 147)

204) 125 - (m + 2n)3 204)

A) [5 - (m + 2n)][(25 + 5(m + 2n) + (m + 2n)2 ]
B) [5 - (m + 2n)][(25 + (m + 2n)2]
C) [5 - (m + 2n)][(25 - 5(m + 2n) + (m + 2n)2 ]
D) [25 - (m + 2n)][(5 + 5(m + 2n) + (m + 2n)2 ]

Find a natural number b that makes the expression a perfect square trinomial.
205) 36x2 + bx + 81 205)
A) 108 B) 2916 C) 54 D) 5832

206) 16x2 - bx + 25 206)

A) 800 B) 40 C) 400 D) 20

207) x2 + 12x + b 207)

A) 36 B) 144 C) 12 D) 6

208) x2 - 12x + b 208)

A) 12 B) 6 C) 36 D) 144

209) 4x2 + 32x + b 209)

A) 16 B) 64 C) 256 D) 8

210) 4x2 - 12x + b 210)

A) 6 B) 9 C) 36 D) 3

20
Provide an appropriate response.
211) Write a polynomial for the area of the shaded region; then factor completely. 211)

4
27 x

12x
A) 3(x - 4)(x + 4) B) 12(x - 4)(x + 4) C) 12(x - 3)(x + 3) D) 4(x - 3)(x + 3)

212) Write a polynomial for the area of the shaded region; then factor completely. 212)
10x

18

4
5x

A) (6x + 5)2 B) (4x + 5)(6x - 5) C) (36x + 25)2 D) (6x + 5)(6x - 5)

213) Write a polynomial for the volume of the region between the small box and the large box. 213)

2x

1
25
x

4x
A) (5x + 2)2 B) (2x - 5)(4x2 + 10x + 25)
C) (5x - 2)(4x2 + 10x + 25) D) (2x - 5)2

21
 214) Write a polynomial for the volume of the region between the small cylinder and the large cylinder. 214)

6r
A) 294πr B) 6πr(x + 49)
C) 6πr(x - 7)(x + 7) D) 6πr3

Factor completely. If prime, so state.

215) 25x2 + 4 215)
A) (5x + 2)(5x - 2) B) (5x + 2)2 C) (5x - 2)2 D) prime

216) x2 + t2 216)
A) (x + t)(x + t) B) prime

1 1 1 1
C) (x - t)(x + t) D) x+ t x- t
2 2 2 2

217) x4 - r4 217)
A) (x2 + r2 )(x2 - r2 ) B) (x2 + r2 )(x - r)(x + r)
C) (x2 + r2 )(x - r)(x - r) D) (x + r)2 (x - r)2

218) 150x2 - 384 218)

A) (30x + 48)(5x - 8) B) (5x + 8)(30x - 48)
C) 6(5x - 8)2 D) 6(5x + 8)(5x - 8)

219) 8a 4 b - 50b3 219)

A) prime B) 2b(2a 2 + 5b)(2a 2 - 5b)
C) 2b(2a - 5b)2 D) 2b(2a + 5b) 2

220) x4 - 1 220)
A) (x2 - 1)(x + 1)(x - 1) B) prime
C) (x2 + 1)(x + 1)(x - 1) D) (x + 1)2 (x - 1)2

221) 24k3 m - 81m 4 221)

A) 3m(8k - 3m)(k2 + 6km + 9m 2 ) B) 3m(2k - 3m)(4k2 + 6km + 9m 2 )
C) (6km - 9m2 )(4k2 + 9m 2 ) D) 3m(2k + 3m2 )(4k2 - 6km + 9km2 )

22
222) 64s3 + 1 222)
A) (4s + 1)(16s2 - 4s + 1) B) (4s - 1)(16s2 + 4s + 1)
C) (4s + 1)(16s2 + 1) D) (64s + 1)(s2 - 4s + 1)

223) 16 - 81y2 223)

A) (16 + 81y)(16 - 81y) B) (4 + 9y)2
C) (4 - 9y)2 D) (4 + 9y)(4 - 9y)

224) m3 - 81m 4 224)

A) m4 (m - 81) B) m3 (81m)
C) m3 (1 - 81m) D) m2 (1 + 9m)(1 - 9m)

225) x2 + 54x + 55 225)

A) (x - 11)(x + 5) B) (x + 55)(x - 1) C) prime D) (x + 11)(x - 5)

226) x2 - 4xy - 21y2 226)

A) (x - 7y)(x + 3y) B) (x - 7y)(x + y) C) (x + 7y)(x - 3y) D) (x - y)(x + 3y)

227) 2x3 + 2x2y - 12xy2 227)

A) 2x(x - 2y)(x + 3y) B) (2x2 + 4xy)(x - 3y)
C) prime D) 2x(x + 2y)(x - 3y)

228) 49x2 - 70x + 25 228)

A) (7x - 5)(7x + 5) B) (7x + 5)2 C) prime D) (7x - 5)2

229) 9x2 - 72x + 144 229)

A) 9(x + 4)2 B) (9x - 72)2 C) prime D) 9(x - 4)2

230) 20x2 + 24x + 15x + 18 230)

A) (20x - 3)(x - 6) B) (20x + 3)(x + 6) C) (4x + 3)(5x + 6) D) (4x - 3)(5x - 6)

231) 20m 7 + 36m4 - 20m 2 231)

A) 4(5m7 + 9m4 - 5m 2 ) B) 4m2 (5m 5 + 9m 2 - 5)
C) No common factor D) m2 (20m 5 + 36m 2 - 20)

232) x3 - x2 - 49x + 49 232)

A) (x - 1)(x - 7)2 B) (x - 1)(x2 - 49)
C) (x - 1)(x + 7)(x - 7) D) (x - 1)(x2 + 49)

233) 17x2 + 17xy + y2 233)

A) prime B) 17(x + y)2 C) (17x + y)(x + y) D) (17x + y)(x - y)

23
Solve.
234) An object is dropped from a height of 324 feet. The expression 324 - 16t2 gives the height of the 234)
falling object after t seconds. Factor 324 - 16t2 .
A) 8(9 + 2t)(9 - 2t) B) 2(9 + 4t)(9 - 4t) C) 4(9 + 2t)(9 - 2t) D) 16(9 + t)(9 - t)

235) The voltage in a circuit is the product of two factors, the resistance in the circuit and the current. If 235)
the voltage in a circuit is described by the expression 27ir + 21i + 36r + 28, find the expressions for
the current and resistance. (The expression for the current will contain i and the expression for
resistance will contain r.)
A) current: 3i + 4, resistance: 9r + 7 B) current: 27i + 1, resistance: r + 28
C) current: 3i - 4, resistance: 9r + 7 D) current: 3i + 4, resistance: 9r - 7

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

236) Is it always necessary to remove any GCF first when factoring? Why or why not? 236)

237) After factoring out any greatest common factor, what should you consider when deciding 237)
how to factor a polynomial?

238) Recall that A = s2 is the formula for the area of a square. If the area of a square is 238)
represented by 4x2 - 24x + 36, how can the length of each side be represented?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

239) If the area of a rectangle is given by 9n 2 - 16, find expressions for the length and width of the 239)
rectangle.
A) 3n + 4, 3n + 4 B) 9n + 4, 9n - 4 C) n + 4, n - 4 D) 3n + 4, 3n - 4

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

240) The formula for the volume of a rectangular solid is V = LWH. Let the following trinomial 240)
represent the volume of a rectangular solid. Find monomials and/or binomials that could
represent the length, width, and height.
V = 6x3 + 18x2 - 240x

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve using the zero-factor theorem.

241) (x - 5)(x + 2) = 0 241)
A) -5, 2 B) 5, -2 C) 5, -5, 2, -2 D) 5, 2

242) (2y + 29)(5y + 12) = 0 242)

2 5 29 12 29 12
A) - ,- B) - ,- C) , D) 27, 7
27 12 2 5 2 5

243) x(5x + 25) = 0 243)

1 1
A) 0, B) 0, 5 C) 0, -5 D) 0, -
5 5

24
 244) b(b + 14) = 0 244)
A) -1, -14 B) 1, -14 C) 14, 0 D) -14, 0

245) (4y - 8)2(y + 8) = 0 245)

1
A) -2, 8 B) , -8 C) 2, 0 D) 2, -8
2

Solve.
246) n 2 - 4 = 0 246)
A) 2 B) -2 C) 0, 2 D) -2, 2

247) x2 + 7x - 30 = 0 247)
A) -10, 3 B) 10, 3 C) 10, -3 D) -10, 1

248) 5x2 - 30x + 40 = 0 248)

A) 0, 2, 4 B) -2, -4 C) 5, 2, 4 D) 2, 4

249) 12y2 + 23y + 10 = 0 249)

5 2 5 2 5 2 5 1
A) , B) , - C) - , - D) - ,-
4 3 4 3 4 3 12 5

250) 14n 2 + 22n = 0 250)

11 11 11
A) - ,0 B) 0 C) - , 22 D) -
7 7 7

251) 16k2 - 4 = 0 251)

1 1
A) 2, 0 B) 2, 0 C) 2, - 2 D) , -
2 2

252) 8d2 + 24d + 18 = 0 252)

2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2
A) - , - B) - , - C) , D) ,
3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3

253) 6k2 - 11k - 2 = 0 253)

1 1 1 1
A) - , 6 B) ,- C) - , 2 D) -6, 2
6 11 6 6

254) 6m 2 - 10m = 0 254)

5 5 5 5
A) , 0 B) , - C) - , 0 D) 0
3 3 3 3

255) 16x2 = 25 255)

5 5 5 5 5 5
A) B) , - C) D) ,-
4 4 4 16 16 16

25
 256) 7x2 = 6x 256)
6 6 7 7 6 6
A) , 0 B) , C) , 0 D) - ,
7 7 6 6 7 7

257) x2 - x = 72 257)
A) 8, 9 B) -8, -9 C) 1, 72 D) -8, 9

258) 5x2 - 15x = 20 258)

A) - 1, 1 B) - 1, 4 C) - 1, -4 D) - 1, 0

259) r(r - 16) = -64 259)

A) 8 B) 64, 8 C) -8 D) ±8

260) 2x(2x - 18) = -81 260)

9 2
A) -0.2 B) ±4 C) D)
2 9

261) x(x - 2) = 24 261)

A) 4, -6 B) -4, -6 C) 4, 6 D) -4, 6

Solve the problem.

262) The product of two consecutive integers is 55 more than their sum. Find the integers. 262)
A) 8, 9 B) -7, -6 C) 7, 8 or -7, -6 D) 8, 9 or -7, -6

263) The product of two consecutive integers is 3 less than 3 times their sum. Find the integers. 263)
A) 5, 6 B) 0, 1 or 6, 7 C) 0, 1 D) 0, 1 or 5, 6

264) A number is 72 less than its square. Find all such numbers. 264)
A) -9 and 9 B) -9 and 8 C) -8 and 8 D) -8 and 9

265) The product of two consecutive odd integers is 63. Find all pairs of integers that satisfy this 265)
condition.
A) -9 and 9 B) -9 and 7
C) -9 and -7, 7 and 9 D) -9 and 7, -7 and 9

266) The product of two consecutive integers is 5 more than their sum. Find the integers. 266)
A) 2, 3 or -2, -1 B) 3, 4 or -2, -1 C) -2 and -1 D) 3 and 4

267) Find three consecutive integers such that the square of the sum of the smaller two is 105 more than 267)
the square of the largest.
A) 6, 7, 8 B) -6, -5, -4
C) 4, 6, 8 D) 6, 7, 8, or -6, -5, -4

268) A rectangular garden is three times as long as it is wide. If the area of the garden is 1728 ft2 , find 268)
the length and width of the garden.
A) length: 69 ft; width: 23 ft B) length: 72 ft; width: 24 ft
C) length: 24 ft; width: 8 ft D) length: 576 ft; width: 3 ft

26
 269) The height of a triangle is 4 cm more than the length of the base. If the area of the triangle is 269)
198 cm 2 , find the height and length of the base.
A) height: 18 cm; base: 14 cm B) height: 23 cm; base: 17 cm
C) height: 21 cm; base: 17 cm D) height: 22 cm; base: 18 cm

270) The length of a rectangular frame is 6 cm more than the width. The area inside the frame is 135 270)
square cm. Find the width of the frame.
A) 9 cm B) 21 cm C) 11 cm D) 15 cm

271) The height of a box is 9 inches. The length is three inches more than the width. Find the width if 271)
the volume is 792 cubic inches.
A) 11 in. B) 8 in. C) 9 in. D) 88 in.

272) The area of a square is numerically 45 more than the perimeter. Find the length of the side. 272)
A) 41 units B) 162 units C) 9 units D) 36 units

273) A rectangular space of 390 square feet is allocated for the living and dining areas in an apartment. 273)
Find the width of the square living area given that the width of the dining area is 11 ft.

11 ft

Total Area: 390 sq. ft

A) 15 ft B) 26 ft C) 14 ft D) 17 ft

Solve the problem. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.

274) If an object is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 96 ft/sec, its height after t sec is given by 274)
h = 96t - 16t2 . Find the number of seconds before the object hits the ground.
A) 48 sec B) 3 sec C) 6 sec D) 80 sec

275) If an object is propelled upward from ground level with an initial velocity of 88.5 feet per second, 275)
its height h in feet t seconds later is given by the equation h = -16t2 + 88.5t. After how many
seconds does the object hit the ground? Round to the nearest tenth of a second, if necessary.
A) 11.1 sec B) 5.5 sec C) 2.8 sec D) .2 sec

276) If an object is propelled upward from a height of 160 feet at an initial velocity of 144 feet per 276)
second, then its height h after t seconds is given by the equation h = -16t2 + 144t + 160. After how
many seconds does the object hit the ground? Round to the nearest tenth of a second, if necessary.
A) 11 sec B) 10 sec C) 5.0 sec D) 9.0 sec

27
 277) If an object is propelled upward from a height of 16 feet at an initial velocity of 64 feet per second, 277)
then its height after t seconds is given by the equation h = -16t2 + 64t + 16, where h is in feet. After
how many seconds will the object reach a height of 80 feet?
A) 8 sec B) 4 sec C) 1 sec D) 2 sec

Solve.
278) A ladder that is 26 feet long is 10 feet from the base of a wall. How far up the wall does the ladder 278)
reach?
A) 24 ft B) 4 ft C) 2 194 ft D) 576 ft

279) The revenue for a small company is given by the quadratic function r(t) = 9t2 + 4t + 920 where t is 279)
the number of years since 1998 and r(t) is in thousands of dollars. If this trend continues, find the
year after 1998 in which the company's revenue will be $1080 thousand. Round to the nearest
whole year.
A) 2004 B) 2006 C) 2003 D) 2002

280) The accumulative number of vehicles passing over a bridge during rush hour is given by the 280)
formula C = 4t2 , where C is the number of vehicles and t is the minutes past 7 A.M., 0 ≤ t ≤ 60. At
what time will 784 vehicles have passed over the bridge?
A) 7:14 A.M. B) 7:15 A.M. C) 7:20 A.M. D) 7:17 A.M.

281) The formula N = 4x2 + 6x + 1 represents the number of households N, in thousands, in a certain 281)
city that have a computer x years after 1990. According to the formula, in what year were there 89
thousand households with computers in this city?
A) 1995 B) 1994 C) 1992 D) 1993

Find the length of the hypotenuse.

282) 282)

12

9
A) 16 B) 15 C) 6 D) 144

283) 283)

10

24
A) 26 B) 110 C) 16 D) 25

28
 284) 284)

8
1 2
A) 11 B) 8 C) 10 D) 10
3 3

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

285) A student was trying to solve the problem 2x(4x - 3) = 0. The student knew that he should 285)
set 4x - 3 = 0 but was confused about whether or not he should set 2x = 0, or 2 = 0 and
x = 0. How would you advise this student?

286) A student is trying to solve the equation (x + 2)(x - 7) = 9. The student has set x + 2 = 9 and 286)
x - 7 = 9 and found that two solutions x = 7, x = 16. The student checks her results by
plugging in her solutions into the original equation and finds that they do not work. How
would you advise her?

287) When solving a quadratic equation, why must one side of the equation be equal to 0? 287)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the graph of the parabola to determine the coordinates of the vertex.
288) 288)
10 y

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10
A) (1, 0) B) (-1, 0) C) (0, -1) D) (0, 1)

29
289) 289)
10 y

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) (0, 3) B) (-3, 0) C) (3, 0) D) (0, -3)

290) 290)
10 y

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) (2, -8) B) (2, 0) C) (-2, 0) D) (-2, 8)

291) 291)
10 y

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10
A) (1, -6) B) (1, 6) C) (-1, 6) D) (1, -8)

30
 292) 292)
10 y

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) (-0.5, 5.25) B) (3, 4) C) (-3, 4) D) (-3, -4)

Graph.
293) y = -3x2 293)

y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

31
C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

32
294) y = x2 + 3 294)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

33
295) y = x2 + 10x + 25 295)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

34
 1 2
296) y = x 296)
4
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

35
297) y = -x2 + 1 297)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

36
298) y = -4x2 + 16x - 18 298)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

37
299) y = x2 - 2x - 8 299)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

38
300) f(x) = -x2 + 2x - 7 300)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

39
301) f(x) = 4x2 + 2x - 1 301)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

40
302) f(x) = -4x2 + 2x + 1 302)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) B)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

C) D)
y y
10 10

5 5

-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x

-5 -5

-10 -10

41
State whether the graph is the graph of a function. Give the domain and range.
303) 303)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) A function; B) Not a function;

Domain: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞); Domain: {x|x ≥ -1} or [-1, ∞);
Range: {y|y ≥ -1} or [-1, ∞) Range: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞)

304) 304)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) A function; B) Not a function;

Domain: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞); Domain: {x|x ≥ 3} or [3, ∞);
Range: {y|y ≥ - 3} or [- 3, ∞) Range: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞)

305) 305)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) A function; B) Not a function;

Domain: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞); Domain: {x|x ≤ -2} or (-∞, -2];
Range: {y|y ≤ -2} or (-∞, -2] Range: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞)

42
 306) 306)
y
10

-10 -5 5 10 x

-5

-10

A) Not a function; B) A function;

Domain: {x|x ≤ 1} or (-∞, 1]; Domain: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞);
Range: all real numbers or (-∞, ∞) Range: {y|y ≤ 1} or (-∞, 1]

Use a graphing calculator to find the vertex.

307) y = x2 - 4 307)
A) (0, 4) B) (4, 0) C) (0, -4) D) (-4, 0)

308) y = x2 - 2x + 8 308)
A) (0, 1) B) (7, 0) C) (1, 7) D) (7, 1)

Use a graphing calculator to find the y-intercept(s).

309) y = x2 + 7 309)
A) y-intercept (0, 7) B) y-intercept (0, 0)
C) y-intercept (7, 0) D) No y-intercept

310) y = x2 - 2 310)
A) y-intercept (0, -2) B) y-intercept (0, 0)
C) y-intercept (0, 2) D) No y-intercept

311) y = 6x2 311)

A) y-intercepts (0, 0) and (0, -6) B) y-intercept (0, 0)
C) y-intercept (0,-6) D) y-intercept (0, 6)

312) y = x2 + 3x + 10 312)
A) y-intercept (0, 0) B) y-intercept (0, 10)
C) y-intercept (0, -10) D) no y-intercept

Provide an appropriate response.

313) The graph of an equation of the form y = ax2 + bx + c, with a ≠ 0, is a ? . 313)
A) straight line B) line segment C) parabola D) circle

314) If a parabola opens downward, the highest point on the graph is called the ? of the parabola. 314)
A) middle point B) axis C) top D) vertex

43
315) The line that divides the parabola into two symmetrical halves is called the _____ of the parabola. 315)
A) y-intercept B) axis of symmetry
C) x-intercept D) vertex

316) On the graph of the equation y = 4x2 - 5x + 11, the vertex is the ? point. 316)
A) axis B) lowest C) middle D) highest

317) The graph of the equation y = -4x2 + 2x - 5 opens ? . 317)

A) to the right B) to the left C) downward D) upward

44
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6

1) A
2) A
3) D
4) C
5) C
6) A
7) A
8) B
9) B
10) C
11) A
12) A
13) C
14) D
15) A
16) D
17) D
18) A
19) B
20) D
21) D
22) C
23) C
24) B
25) A
26) B
27) C
28) B
29) C
30) D
31) A
32) A
33) A
34) D
35) B
36) D
37) A
38) C
39) B
40) B
41) C
42) C
43) D
44) A
45) B
46) D
47) C
48) A
49) A
50) C
45
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
quills on their upper surface. There are also a few slight lanceolate
dark spots on the sides of the body, and on the tibial feathers.
Length to end of tail 23 1/2 inches, to end of wings 21 1/2, to end of
claws 18 3/4, to carpal joint 5 1/2; extent of wings 51 1/4; breadth of
gape 1 1/8; wing from flexure 17; tail 9 3/4; bill along the ridge 1 5/12;
tarsus 2 4/12; hind toe 1 1/12, its claw 1 5/12; middle toe 2 1/12, its claw
(worn) 11/12. Weight 2 lb., it being much emaciated.

The tongue, a, is 10 1/2 twelfths long, fleshy, deeply emarginate at

the base, having on its upper surface numerous orifices of mucous
crypts, towards the end narrowed, deeply concave, horny, with the
extremity rounded and very slightly emarginate. The œsophagus, b c
d e, is 7 1/2 inches long, wide, dilated into a large crop, c d, lying on
the right side; the proventriculus, f, is 1/2 inch in diameter, with a belt
of oblong glandules, arranged into four very prominent longitudinal
ridges, with deep grooves between them. The stomach, f g h, is
round, compressed, 1 1/2 inch in length, 1 inch 5 twelfths in breadth;
its muscular coat thin, composed of large fasciculi, not arranged into
distinct muscles; its inner coat soft, without horny epithelium, but
irregularly rugous, especially towards the pylorus, which has three
knobs or valves. The intestine, h i j k, is 36 1/2 inches long, 5 twelfths
in diameter at its anterior part, gradually contracting to 4 twelfths.
The rectum is 3 1/2 inches long, 1/2 inch in diameter at the
commencement; the cœca 2 twelfths long, 1 1/2 twelfth in diameter;
the cloaca, l m, globular. The right lobe of the liver is 2 inches 4
twelfths long, the left 2 inches 1 twelfth; the gall-bladder large.
The crop or dilatation of the œsophagus was nearly filled by two
excrescences from its inner surface, of a soft spongy texture, but not
ulcerated, or in any part scirrhous. The inner surface of the stomach
was similarly affected, but in a much less degree, and the pyloric
region was indurated. The intestines quite sound.

The trachea, m n o, is 6 inches long, considerably flattened, 5 1/2

twelfths, in breadth at the upper part, gradually diminishing to 4
twelfths. Its rings, about 78 in number, are ossified, the last large,
divided, arched, and with a broad membrane, o, intervening between
them and the first bronchial ring. The lateral or contractor muscles, p,
are very strong, as are the sterno-tracheal, q r, and there is a single
pair of inferior laryngeal muscles, s, inserted into the membrane
between the last ring of the trachea and the first of the bronchi. The
bronchial half rings 15, slender and cartilaginous.
 BAND-TAILED PIGEON.

Columba fasciata, Say.

PLATE CCCLXVII. Male and Female.

In the course of Colonel Say’s expedition to the Rocky Mountains, a

single specimen of this large and handsome Pigeon was procured.
This individual was afterwards figured in the continuation of
Wilson’s American Ornithology. Many specimens however have
more recently been obtained by Dr Townsend, from whom I have
procured three pairs of adult and some young birds. Comparing
them with the figure above alluded to, I should consider it as having
been taken from a young male. In my plate are represented two
adult birds, placed on the branch of a superb species of Dogwood,
discovered by my learned friend, Thomas Nuttall, Esq., when on
his march toward the shores of the Pacific Ocean, and which I have
graced with his name! The beautiful drawing of this branch was
executed by Miss Martin, the amiable and accomplished sister of
my friend Dr Bachman. Seeds of this new species of Cornus were
sent by me to Lord Ravensworth, and have germinated, so that this
beautiful production of the rich valley of the Columbia River may now
be seen in the vicinity of London, and in the grounds of the
nobleman just mentioned, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Dr
Townsend’s notice respecting the bird here spoken of is as follows:
—
“The Band-tailed Pigeon is called by the Chinook Indians ‘akoigh
homin.’ It ranges from the eastern spurs of the Rocky Mountains
across to the Columbia River, where it is abundant. It arrived in 1836
in very great numbers, on the 17th of April, and continued in large
flocks while breeding. Their breeding places are on the banks of the
river. The eggs are placed on the ground, under small bushes,
without a nest, where numbers congregate together. The eggs are
two, of a yellowish-white colour, inclining to bluish-white, with minute
spots at the great end. These Pigeons feed upon the berries of the
black elder and the buds of the balsam poplar. When sitting in the
trees, they huddle very close together in the manner of the Carolina
Parrot, and many may be killed at a single discharge of the fowling-
piece. The flesh is tender and juicy, and therefore fine eating.”
Mr Nuttall has favoured me with an equally interesting notice. “This
large and fine Pigeon, always moving about in flocks, keeps in
Oregon only in the thick forests of the Columbia and the Wahlamet,
and during the summer is more particularly abundant in the alluvial
groves of the latter river, where throughout that season we
constantly heard their cooing, or witnessed the swarming flocks
feeding on the berries of the elder tree, those of the Great Cornel
(Cornus Nuttalli), or, before the ripening of berries, on the seed-
germs or the young pods of the Balsam poplar. The call of this
species is somewhat similar to that of the Carolina Dove, but is
readily distinguishable, sounding like a double suppressed syllable,
as h ’koo, h ’koo, h ’koo, h ’koo, uttered at the usual intervals, and
repeated an hour or two at a time, chiefly in the morning and
evening. They are said to breed on the ground, or in the low bushes,
but I did not find the nest, although I saw the birds feeding around
every day near Watpatoo Island. During the whole of this time they
keep in flocks, either in the poplars or elder bushes, and on being
started, sweep about like flocks of domestic pigeons, soon returning
to their fare, when they feed in silence, keeping a strict watch for
intruders. They remain on the lower part of the Columbia nearly the
whole year, late in the season (October and November) feeding
mostly on the berries of the Tree Cornel, but still they seem to
migrate some distance to the south, as the severity of the winter
approaches.”

Columba fasciata, Say, in Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mountains, vol. ii. p. 10.
Band-tailed Pigeon, Columba fasciata, Ch. Bonaparte, Amer. Ornith. pl.
viii, fig. 3, vol. i. p. 77.
Columba fasciata, Bonap. Synops. p. 119.
Band-tailed Pigeon, Nuttall, Manual, vol. i. p. 64.

Adult Male. Plate CCCLXVII. Fig. 1.

Bill straight, rather short, slender, compressed; upper mandible with
a tumid fleshy covering at the base, where it is straight in its dorsal
outline, convex towards the end, with a sharp-edged, declinate,
rather obtuse tip; lower mandible with the angle long and pointed,
the sides erect at the base, sloping outwards toward the end, the
edges sharp, the tip narrow but blunt. Nostrils medial, oblique, linear.
Head small, oblong, compressed; neck of moderate length; body full.
Feet short, strong; tarsus very short, rounded, with two anterior rows
of large hexagonal scales; the hind part fleshy with very small
scales; toes broad and flat beneath, marginate, with large scutella
above; the hind toe smallest, the lateral nearly equal, the middle toe
much longer. Claws of moderate size, arched, compressed, grooved
beneath, rather acute.
Plumage rather compact above, blended beneath, on the hind neck
strong, with metallic gloss. Wings long, the second quill longest, the
third only a twelfth of an inch shorter, the first six-twelfths shorter,
and a little longer than the fourth, the rest rather quickly graduated;
secondaries of moderate breadth and rounded. First quill with the
outer web narrower at the base than toward the end, the second and
third quills with their outer webs having a slight sinus and attenuated
toward the end. Tail of moderate length, rounded, of twelve broad
abruptly rounded feathers, of which the lateral is half an inch shorter
than the longest.
Bill yellow, with the tips black. Feet yellow, claws greyish-black. Bare
space around the eyes carmine. The head, fore neck, and breast are
of a light reddish-purple or wine-colour, which on the abdomen and
lower tail-coverts fades into whitish; a narrow half-ring of white on
the hind neck, the lower part of which is of a metallic brownish-green
tint. The upper parts are greyish-blue, darker, and tinged with brown
on the fore part of the back and scapulars; sides of the body and
rump greyish-blue. Alula, primary coverts, primary quills, and outer
secondaries brownish-black, very narrowly margined with brownish-
white. Tail greyish-blue at the base, much paler and tinged with
yellow toward the end, these colours being separated at the distance
of two inches from the tip by a band of black.
Length to end of tail 16 inches, to end of wings 13 3/4; wing from
flexure 9; tail 6 1/4; bill along the ridge 10/12, along the edge of lower
mandible 1 1/12; tarsus 1 1/12; hind toe 8/12, its claw 5 1/2/12; middle toe
1/2
14 /12, its claw 7/12.
Adult Female. Plate CCCLXVII. Fig. 2.
The female differs from the male only in having the tints a little duller,
and on the upper parts somewhat darker, with the black band on the
tail less decided, the middle feathers being but faintly marked with it.
Length to end of tail 15 1/2 inches.

It was omitted to mention that the minute spots on the eggs are
white.
 Nuttall’s Dog-wood.

Cornus Nuttalli, Audubon.

This very beautiful tree, which was discovered by Mr Nuttall, on
the Columbia River, attains a height of fifty feet or more, and is
characterized by its smooth reddish-brown bark; large, ovate,
acuminate leaves, and conspicuous flowers, with six obovate, acute,
involucral bracteas, which are rose-coloured at the base, white
towards the end, veined and reticulated with light purple. The berries
are oblong, and of a bright carmine.
 ROCK GROUS.

Tetrao rupestris, Gmel.

PLATE CCCLXVIII. Male and Female.

Whilst at Labrador, I was informed by Mr Jones, of whom I have

made mention on several occasions, that a smaller species of
Ptarmigan than that called the Willow Grous, Tetrao Saliceti, was
abundant on all the hills around Bras d’Or, during the winter, when
he and his son usually killed a great number, which they salted and
otherwise preserved; and that in the beginning of summer they
removed from the coast into the interior of the country, where they
bred in open grounds, never, like the Willow Grous, retreating to the
wooded parts. They seldom appear at Bras d’Or until the last of the
Wild Geese have passed over, or before the cold has become
intense, and the plains deeply covered with snow. While about his
house, they repair to the most elevated hilltops, from which the
violence of the winds has removed the snow. There they feed on the
mosses and lichens attached to the rocks, as well as on the twigs
and grasses scantily found in such places at that season. They keep
in great packs, and when disturbed are apt to fly to a considerable
distance, shifting from one hill to another often half a mile off.
Not having seen this species alive, and my drawing having been
taken from specimens kindly presented to me by my friend Captain
James Ross, R. N., I cannot do better than present you here with
the observations of Dr Richardson, as recorded in the Fauna
Boreali-Americana. “Hutchins reports that the Rock Grous is
numerous at the two extremities of Hudson’s Bay, but does not
appear at the middle settlements (York and Severn Factories),
except in very severe seasons, when the Willow Grous are scarce,
and Captain Sabine informs us that they abound on Melville
Peninsula, Lat. 74° to 75°, in the summer. It arrived there in its snow-
white dress, on the 12th of May 1820; at the end of that month the
females began to assume their coloured plumage, which was
complete by the first week in June, the change at the latter period
being only in its commencement with the males. Some of the males
were killed as late as the middle of June in their unaltered winter
plumage. In this respect the species differs from the Willow Grous
whose males first assume the summer colour. The Rock Grous is
found also on Melville Peninsula and the Barren Grounds, seldom
going farther south in winter than latitude 63° in the interior, but
descending along the coast of Hudson’s Bay to latitude 58°, and in
severe seasons still farther to the southward. It also occurs on the
Rocky Mountains as far south as latitude 55°. It exists in Greenland,
is common in Norway, is known in Sweden by the name of Sno
Rissa, and is the species most frequent in the Museums of France
and Italy under the name of Tetrao Lagopus. It is not a native of
Scotland. The Rock Grous in its manners and mode of living
resembles the Willow Grous, except that it does not retire so far into
the woody country in winter. Contrary, however, to what Hearne
says, it is frequent in open woods on the borders of lakes in that
season, particularly in the 65th parallel of latitude, though perhaps
the bulk of the species remains on the skirts of the Barren Grounds.
It hatches in June. The ground colour of the egg is, according to
Captain Sabine, a pale reddish-brown, and is irregularly spotted and
blotched with darker brown.” Specimens in my possession, coloured
as here described, average one inch and five-eighths in length, by
an inch and an eighth in breadth.
 Tetrao rupestris, Gmel. Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 751.—Lath. Ind. Ornith. vol. ii.
p. 640.
Tetrao (Lagopus) rupestris, Richards. and Swains. Fauna Bor.-Amer. vol.
ii. p. 354.
Rock Grous, Nuttall, Manual, vol. ii. p. 610.

Adult Male in Winter. Plate CCCLXVIII. Fig. 1.

Bill short, robust; upper mandible with the dorsal outline curved, the
ridge and sides convex, the edges overlapping, the tip declinate, thin
edged, but rounded; lower mandible with the angle short and wide,
the dorsal line convex, the back broadly convex, the sides rounded,
the edges inflected, the tip blunt. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed
by feathers.
Head small, ovate; neck of moderate length; body bulky. Feet of
ordinary length, robust; tarsus feathered, as are the toes, the first toe
very small, the middle toe much longer than the lateral, which are
nearly equal, the inner being a little longer. Claws slightly arched,
depressed, broad, with thin edges and rounded at the tip.
Plumage compact, the feathers generally ovate and rounded; those
on the tarsi, toes, and soles oblong, with loose stiffish barbs. Wings
rather short, concave; the primaries strong, narrow, tapering,
pointed; the first an inch and seven-twelfths shorter than the second,
which is four-twelfths shorter than the third, this being the longest,
but only exceeding the fourth by a twelfth and a half. Tail rather
short, nearly even, of sixteen broad feathers, of which two are
incumbent, less strong, and longer than the rest by two-twelfths of an
inch.
Bill black; superciliary membrane scarlet; claws dusky, towards the
end yellowish. The plumage is pure white, with the exception of a
broad band of black from the upper mandible to the eye, and for a
short space behind it; the shafts of the six outer quills, which are
brownish-black, and all the tail-feathers, the two middle excepted,
they being of a deep greyish-black colour, with a terminal narrow
band of white.
Length to end of tail 13 1/2 inches, to end of wings 12; wing from
flexure 8; tail 4 1/2; tarsus 1 2/12; hind toe 2/12, its claw 5/12; middle
toe 11/12, its claw 8/12.
Male in Summer. Plate CCCLXVIII. Fig. 2.
In summer, the plumage differs little in texture, with the exception of
that on the feet, which is short and thin on the tarsi, worn on the
base of the toes, of which the soles and half of the upper surface are
denuded. The bill and claws are of the same colour as in winter; but
the plumage is variegated with black, reddish-yellow, and white. The
upper parts may be described as black, transversely and irregularly
banded and spotted with yellowish-red, the feather terminally
margined with white, there being on each feather several bars of
yellowish-red running from the margin inwards, but leaving a black
space in the centre. The lower parts are lighter, more broadly and
regularly barred with brownish-black and light reddish-yellow. The
feathers along the edge of the wing, the alula, primary coverts,
nearly all the secondary coverts, primaries and outer secondaries,
white; as are the lower surface of the wing, the axillar feathers, and
some of the feathers on the abdomen, as well as those on the feet,
the latter being soiled or tinged with yellowish or grey. The shafts of
the primaries are brownish-black, and the tail is black as in winter,
tipped with white, and with the lateral feathers having part of their
outer web white; the two middle feathers barred like the back. The
dimensions of an individual are as follows:

Length to end of tail 13 1/2 inches, to end of wings 11 1/2; wing from
flexure 7 10/12; tail 4 1/2; bill along the ridge 7/12; tarsus 1 2/12; middle
toe 1 1/2/12, its claw 6/12.

Female in Summer. Plate CCCLXVIII. Fig. 3.

The female does not differ materially from the male, the yellow
bands being only broader and lighter.
Very great differences are observed in the length and form of the
claws, they being in some individuals very long, thin-edged, and
tapering, to a rounded point; in others very short, being worn down to
the stump. This species is considerably smaller than the Ptarmigan
of Scotland, which it precisely resembles in its winter plumage. In its
summer plumage, however, it differs in having the markings larger;
and as yet no specimens have been obtained marked with undulated
slender, ash-grey, and dusky lines, in any degree approaching those
characteristic of the British bird in its autumnal plumage. The bill of
the Rock Grous is shorter and thicker than that of the Ptarmigan,
although the reverse has been alleged.
 MOUNTAIN MOCKING BIRD.

Turdus montanus.
PLATE CCCLXIX. Male.

This interesting and hitherto unfigured species was procured on the

Rocky Mountains by Dr Townsend, who forwarded a single
specimen to Philadelphia, where I made a drawing of it. The
following notice by Mr Nuttall shews that it is nearly allied in its
habits to the Mocking Bird:—
“On the arid plains of the central table-land, betwixt the northern
sources of the Platte and the Colorado of the West, in the month of
June, we frequently heard the cheering song of this delightful
species, whose notes considerably resemble those of the Brown
Thrush, with some of the imitative powers of the Mocking Bird. For a
great part of the day, and especially early and late, its song resounds
through the desert plains, as it warbles to its mate from some tall
weed or bush of wormwood, and continues with little interruption
nearly for an hour at a time. We met with it in the plains exclusively,
till our arrival at Wallah Wallah, but we are not certain of having seen
it in any part of California, it being apparently entirely confined to the
cooler and open regions of the Rocky Mountains. Just before arriving
at Sandy Creek of the Colorado, while resting for refreshment at
noon, I had the good fortune to find the nest in a wormwood bush, on
the margin of a ravine, from whence the male was singing with its
unusual energy. It contained four almost emerald green eggs,
spotted with dark olive of two shades, more numerous towards the
greater end, the spots large and roundish. The nest itself was made
of small twigs and rough stalks, lined with stripes of bark and bison
wool. The female flew off to a little distance, and looked on her
unwelcome and unexpected visitor, without uttering either call or
complaint.”

Orpheus montanus, Mountain Mocking Bird, Townsend, Journal of Acad.

of Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. vii. p. 192.

Adult Male. Plate CCCLXIX. Fig. 1.

Bill of moderate length, rather slender, compressed, straightish,
pointed; upper mandible with the dorsal line slightly declinato-
arcuate, the sides convex toward the end, the edges sharp, with a
slight sinus close to the narrow declinate tip; lower mandible with the
angle short and narrow, the dorsal line straight, the edges sharp and
a little declinate at the end, the tip narrow; the gape-line very slightly
arched.
Head oblong, of ordinary size; neck rather short, but somewhat
slender. Feet longish, rather strong; tarsus compressed, anteriorly
covered with seven large scutella, sharp-edged behind; toes of
moderate length, slender, the hind toe stout, the lateral nearly equal,
the anterior united for a short space at the base. Claws slender,
arched, compressed, acute.
Plumage soft and blended. Wings of moderate length, rounded, the
first quill short, the third and fourth longest, the second and fifth
equal, and about a quarter of an inch shorter than the fourth. Tail
long, rounded, of twelve rather narrow rounded feathers.
Bill dark-brown, the base of the lower mandible paler. Feet yellowish-
brown, claws dusky. The general colour of the upper parts is greyish-
brown, the tips of the secondary coverts, the edges of the primary
quills, and a large spot at the end of the three lateral tail-feathers,
white; the lower parts whitish, marked with triangular dusky spots, of
which there is a distinct line from the base of the bill; the throat, the
middle of the breast, the abdomen, and lower tail-coverts unspotted.
Length to end of tail 8 inches, to end of wings 5 3/4; wing from flexure
1/2
3 9/12; tail 3 1/2; bill along the ridge 7 /12; tarsus 1 2/12; hind toe 4/12,
1/
its claw 4/12; middle toe 8/12, its claw 3 4 /12.
 VARIED THRUSH.

Turdus nævius, Gmel.

PLATE CCCLXIX. Adult Male.

Of this beautiful Thrush, of which a figure not having the black band
running quite across the breast, as is the case in the adult male, is
given by Mr Swainson, in the Fauna Boreali-Americana, Dr
Richardson speaks as follows:—“This species was discovered at
Nootka Sound, in Captain COOK’S third voyage, and male and
female specimens, in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks, were
described by Latham: Pennant has also described and figured the
same male. The specimen represented in this work was procured at
Fort Franklin, lat. 65 1/4°, in the spring of 1826. We did not hear its
song, nor acquire any information respecting its habits, except that it
built its nest in a bush, similar to that of the Merula migratoria. It was
not seen by us on the banks of the Saskatchewan; and, as it has not
appeared in the list of the Birds of the United States, it most probably
does not go far to the eastward of the Rocky Mountains in its
migrations north and south. It may perhaps be more common to the
westward of that ridge.”
Dr Richardson’s conjecture as to the line of march followed by it
has proved to be correct, Dr Townsend and Mr Nuttall having
found it abundant on the western sides of the Rocky Mountains. The
former of these zealous naturalists informs me that he “first found
this Thrush on the Columbia River in the month of October, and that
it becomes more numerous in winter, which it spends in that region,
though some remove farther south. It there associates with the
Common Robin, Turdus migratorius, but possesses a very different
note, it being louder, sharper, and quicker than those of the latter,
and in the spring, before it sets out for its yet unascertained
breeding-place, it warbles very sweetly. It is called Ammeskuk by the
Chinooks.”
Mr Nuttall’s notice respecting it is as follows:—“Of this bird, whose
manners so entirely resemble those of the Common Robin, we know
almost nothing. They probably breed as far north as Nootka, where
they were first seen by the naturalists of Cook’s expedition. On the
Columbia they are only winter birds of passage, arriving about
October, and continuing more or less frequently throughout the
winter. At this time they flit through the forest in small flocks,
frequenting usually low trees, on which they perch in perfect silence,
and are at times very timorous and difficult of approach, having all
the shy sagacity of the Robin, and appearing at all times in a very
desultory manner.”
The numerous specimens of this Thrush in my possession have
enabled me to compare it with Turdus migratorius, and another new
Thrush from Chili. On examining the tail, from the shape of which Mr
Swainson considers this species allied to our Mocking Bird, I found
its form, length, and extent beyond the wings, to correspond almost
exactly with those of the tail of our Robin; and, if it proves true that
the Varied Thrush forms a nest bedded with mud, it will strengthen
my opinion that both these and the Chilian species are as nearly
allied as possible, and therefore ought to be considered as true
Thrushes, of which, to assume the language of systematic writers,
Turdus migratorius is the type in America, whilst Turdus Merula is
that of Europe.
The two figures in my plate were taken from adult males shot in
spring. You will find a figure of the female in Plate CCCCXXXIII.
 Turdus nævius, Gmel. Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 817.—Lath. Ind. Ornith. vol. i. p.
331.
Orpheus meruloides, Thrush-like Mock-bird, Richards. and Swains.
Fauna Bor.-Amer. vol. ii. p. 187.

Adult Male, Plate CCCLXIX. Figs. 2, 3.

Bill of moderate length, rather strong, compressed, acute; upper
mandible with its dorsal outline slightly arched, the ridge narrow, the
sides convex toward the end, the edges sharp, overlapping, destitute
of notch, there being in its place an extremely slight sinus, the tip a
little declinate; lower mandible with the angle rather long and narrow,
the dorsal line very slightly convex, the ridge narrow, the sides erect
and convex, the edges sharp and slightly decurved towards the
narrow, rather obtuse, tip. Nostrils basal, oblong, half closed by a
horny operculum. Head of moderate size, ovate, convex anteriorly;
neck rather short, body moderately full. Feet of ordinary length,
rather stout; tarsus compressed, anteriorly covered with a long plate
and four inferior scutella, posteriorly with two long plates meeting at
a very acute angle. Toes rather large, the first strongest, the lateral
nearly equal, the third and fourth united as far as the second joint of
the latter. Claws rather large, moderately arched, much compressed,
acute.
Plumage soft and rather blended. Wings of moderate length, broad,
rounded; the first primary extremely short, being about a fifth of the
length of the third, which is longest, but scarcely exceeds the fourth;
the second four-twelfths shorter than the third. Tail large, rather long,
nearly even, of twelve broad rounded feathers.
Bill black, with the basal half of the lower mandible yellow; iris hazel;
feet and claws flesh-coloured. The general colour of the upper parts
is a deep leaden-grey, darker on the head, the feathers very
narrowly margined with brown; the quills and tail-feathers dusky, the
outer webs of the latter tinged with grey, and their tips white; the lore
dusky; a band of reddish-orange passes from over the fore part of
the eye down the side of the neck, and almost meets its fellow on the
hind part; two conspicuous bands of the same cross, the wing
obliquely being formed of the tips of the first row of small coverts,
and those of the secondary coverts; the outer webs of the primary
coverts about the middle, a band on the primaries near the base,
part of the outer webs towards the end, and the tips of the
secondaries, also pale reddish-orange. The lower parts in general
are reddish-orange, paler behind; a band of greyish-black passes
down the side, and crosses the lower part of the neck, where it is
almost pure black; the feathers of the sides are tipped with light grey;
those of the middle of the abdomen are white; and the lower tail-
coverts are tipped with the latter colour. The axillary feathers are
white, tipped with grey; the smaller coverts grey, tipped with reddish-
white, the primary coverts grey, the secondary nearly white, of which
also there is a bar formed by part of the inner webs of the quills.
Length to end of tail 10 1/4 inches; wing from flexure 5 1/4; tail 3 10/12;
1/2
bill along the ridge 10/12, along the edge of lower mandible 1 1 /12;
tarsus 1 1/4; hind toe 5 1/2/12, its claw 5 1/2/12; middle toe 10 1/2/12, its
claw 4/12.
Adult Female. Plate CCCCXXXIII. Fig. 6.
The female, which is scarcely smaller than the male, is coloured in
the same manner; but the upper parts are strongly tinged with olive-
brown; the reddish-orange bands are much paler, the tail-feathers
are margined with dull reddish-brown; the band on the lore, down the
sides of the neck, and across it, is light greyish-brown; the orange
tint of the lower parts is much paler; the lower wing-coverts have no
tinge of red, and part of the breast and abdomen is nearly pure
white.
Length to end of tail 10 inches; wing from flexure 5 2/12; tail 3 8/12; bill
along the ridge 10/12; tarsus 1 1/4; middle toe and claw 1 3/12.

The plant represented on the plate is the American Mistletoe,

Viscum verticillatum, on the berries of which several of our Thrushes
occasionally feed, as the Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus, is said to
do on those of Viscum album. It is found in almost every part of the
United States, growing chiefly on oaks and apple-trees.