MODULE #11

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Activity 3:

1. A rectangular page is to contain 24 square inches of print. The margins at the top and
the bottom of the page are 1.5 inches, and the margins on the left and the right are 1 inch
( see figure). What should the dimension of the page be so that the least amount of paper
is used?

Solution:
Let A be the area to be maximized
A = LW
A = ( y + 2 ) ( x + 3) →1 primary equation
The printed area inside the margins
24 = xy solving the equation
24
y= →2
x
Substituting into the primary equation 1 ,
A = ( y + 2 ) ( x + 3)
24
A=[ + 2 ] [x + 3 ]
x
72
= 24 + + 2x + 6
x
72
= 30 + + 2x Function of one variable.
x
Differentiate with respect to x
72
A = 30 + 2x +
x
dA 72 dA
= 2- 2 Setting =0
dx x dx
72
2- 2 =0
x
72
2= 2
x
72
x2 = , x=6 critical value
2

xy = 24 From 1 , x = 6
24
y=
x
24
y= , y=4
6
 x + 3 = 9 inches, y + 2 = 6 inches

Therefore, the dimensions of the page are, 9 inches by 6 inches.

2. Find two positive numbers whose sum is 8 and the product is a minimum.
Solution
Let: x – first number
y - second number
Sum = x + y = 8
y = 8 – x second number
Product (P) = xy
P = x (8 – x )
= 8x – x2
dP
=8−2 x =0
dx
2x = 8
x=4 first number
y=8–x
y=8–4
y=4 second number
Therefore, the two positive numbers are 4 and 4.

3. Find two positive numbers whose product is 196 and the sum is a minimum.
Solution:
Let: x - first number
y - second number
Product (P) = xy
P = xy = 196
196
x=
y
Sum (S) = x + y

196
S= +y
y
ds −196
= 2 +1 =0
dy y
196
2 =1
y
y2 = 196
y = √ 196
y = 14
 196
x=
y
196
x=
14
x = 14
Therefore, the two positive numbers are 14 and 14.
4. Find the length and width of a rectangle that has the given area 49 and a minimum perimeter.

Solution:
Area (A) = LW = 49
49
L =
W
Perimeter (P) = 2 ( W + L )
49
=2(W+ )
W
dP 49
=2[1- 2 ] =0
dW W
49
1= 2
W
W2 = 49
W=7
49
L=
W
49
L= , L= 7
7
Therefore, the length = 7 and the width = 7.

5. Find two positive numbers that satisfy the given requirements.

a. The product is 147 and the sum of the first number plus three times the second
number is a maximum.

Solution:
Let x = first number
y = second number

Product (P) = 147

P = xy = 147
147
y=
x
S = x + 3y
147
= x + 3( )
x
441
=x+
x
 dS 441
=1- 2 =0
dx x
441
1= 2
x
441
x2 =
1
x = 21

147
y= y=7
21

Therefore, the two positive numbers are 21 and 7

b. The sum of the first number and twice the second number is 108 and the product is a
maximum.

Solution:
Let: x – first number
y – second number
S = x + 2y = 108
x = 108 – 2y
P = xy
= ( 108 – 2y)y
= 108y -2y2
dP
= 108 – 4y = 0
dy
4y = 108
y = 27
x = 108 – 2y
x = 108 – 2(27)
x = 54
Therefore, the two positive numbers are 54 and 27.

Activity 5.

1. Find the length and width of a rectangle having a perimeter equal to 80m and
a maximum area.

Solution:
P=2(L+W) = 80
L + W = 40
L = 40 – W
Area (A) = WL
A = W( 40 – W) = 40W – W2
 dA
= 40 – 2W =0
dW
2W = 40
W = 20
L = 40 – w; but w = 20
L = 40 - 20
L = 20
Therefore: W = 20, L = 20

MODULE #12

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Activity 3:
3
m
1. Water is poured into a conical tank 6 m across the top and 8m deep at the rate of 10
min
How fast is the water level rising when the water in the tank is 5m deep?

Solution:
3
dV m
Given : = 10
dt min
dh
Required : when h = 5 m
dt
Let: r = radius of water
h = depth of the water
V = Volume of the water
 1
The volume of the water (V) = Bh
3
1
V = π r2h
3
By similar triangle,
r 3
=
h 8
3h
r=
8

1 3h
V= π ( )2(h)
3 8
3
π ( 3) h 3
V= , V= π h3
64 64
dV 9 π 2 dh
Differentiate both sides, = h
dt 64 dt
dV
dh dh 64 dV m
3
Solve for , = dt but =10 and h = 5m
dt dt 2 dt min
9πh
dh 64 (10)
=
dt ( 9 ) π ( 5 )2
128
=
45 π

dh m
= 0.905
dt min

Activity 5:
1. A Meralco worker left a ladder 5 m long leaning against a concrete vertical post. If the bottom
m
of the ladder is pulled horizontally away from the post at 3 , how fast is the top of the ladder
sec
sliding down when the bottom is 4m from the base of the post.

Solution:
dx m
Given: =3
dt sec
 dh
Required: =? when x = 4
dt
Working equation ; by Pythagorean theorem
5 2 = h2 + x 2 →1
2 2
25 = h + x
Differentiate both sides
dx
dh dx dh −x
0 = 2h + 2x = dt
dt dt dt
h
dx
Substitute h = 3, x = 4, = 3,
dt
From 1 25 = h2 + x2 , when x = 4
h = √ 25−16 = 3

dh −(4)(3) m
= = -4
dt 3 sec