mgš^qmvab BDwbU

Coordination 9
f‚wgKv
mgb¦qmvab e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ KwZcq wefvM
_v‡K| GK GK wefv‡Mi KvR G‡KK iKg| mKj wefv‡Mi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^qmvab Kiv e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨Zg
`vwqZ¡| mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ KvR Ges wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ MwZkxjZv Av‡m| mvaviYZ e¨e¯’vcK
wb‡RB mgb¦qmva‡bi KvRwU K‡i _v‡Kb| jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri Ges wefv‡Mi g‡a¨
mgb¦qmvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wX‡jXvjv mgš^‡qi d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Ri MwZ K‡g hvq| †m Kvi‡Y Kvh©Ki
mgš^qmvab e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| GB BDwb‡U Avgiv mgš^qmva‡bi aviYv, bxwZ, ¸iæZ¡ I Kvh©Ki
mgš^qmva‡bi bvbvwea Dcvq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvie| Zvn‡j Avmyb, BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e †kl Kwi
Ges mgš^qmva‡bi welq¸‡jv †R‡b wbB|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-1 : mgš^qmva‡bi aviYv, cÖK…wZ I ¸iæZ¡
cvV-2 : mgš^qmva‡bi bxwZgvjv
cvV-3 : Kvh©Ki mgš^qmva‡bi Dcvq I c~ek © Z©
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-9.1 mgš^qmva‡bi aviYv, cÖK…wZ I ¸iæZ¡

Concept, Nature and Importance of Coordination
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l
• mgš^qmva‡bi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• mgš^qmva‡bi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• mgš^qmva‡bi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgb¦qmva‡bi msÁv (Definition of Coordination)

Avcbviv B‡Zvg‡a¨ †R‡b‡Qb †h, e¨e¯’vcbvi bvbvwea Kvh©vejx i‡q‡Q| Gme Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ mgb¦qmvab KivI
e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| mvaviYfv‡e, mgb¦qmva‡bi A_© n‡jv mvgÄm¨weavb Kiv| A_©vr GKwU wbw`©ó
j‡ÿ¨ †cŠuQvi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kg© cÖwµqv, `j A_ev e¨w³M‡Yi g‡a¨ GKZv ev k„•Ljvi mgb¦qb| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq,
cÖwZôv‡bi AšÍM©Z wewfbœ e¨w³ ev †Mvwôi Kv‡h©i we‡kølY Ges †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ ¯’vc‡bi cÖwµqv‡K
mgb¦qmvab e‡j| G msÁvq †h fvimv‡g¨i welqwU ejv n‡q‡Q Zv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y|© †Kbbv, mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g
hLbB fvimvg¨ Avm‡e ZLbB Zv‡K DËg mgš^qmvab ejv n‡e|
wb‡P KwZcq e¨e¯’vcbv wekvi‡`i msÁv †`Iqv nj:
weL¨vZ e¨e¯’vcbv wekvi` g¨vK dvij¨vÐ-Gi g‡Z, Òmgb¦qmvab n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g wbe©vnx ev
e¨e¯’vcK cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Aat¯Íb‡`i `jMZ cÖ‡Póvi myk„•Lj I wbqgZvwš¿K aib m„wó
K‡ib Ges wewfbœ Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ HK¨ ˆZwi K‡ib|Ó
gywb I †iBwji g‡Z, ÒmvaviY D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ Kg©ZrciZvi g‡a¨ HK¨ ˆZwii `jxq cÖ‡Póvi myk„•Lj web¨vm‡K
mgb¦qmvab e‡j|Ó
†R. Avi. †Uixi g‡Z, Òwba©vwiZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi j‡ÿ mvgÄm¨c~Y© I mgiƒc cÖ‡Póv m„wói Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxW
avivevwnK cÖwµqvB mgb¦qmvab|Ó
Stoner, Freeman I Gilbert-Gi g‡Z, “Coordination is the process of integrating the activities of separate
departments in order to pursue organizational goal effectively.”
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q, cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefvM, Dc-wefvM, e¨w³ I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ Avbvi
cÖwµqvB nj mgš^qmvab| cÖwZwU e¨emvqx ev Ae¨emvqx cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU KvR Ges wefv‡Mi
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ eRvq ivL‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq e¨emv‡qi g~j jÿ¨ AR©b m¤¢e nq bv|
mgš^qmvab m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv †Mj| Gevi Avmyb, Avgiv Gi cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ †R‡b wbB|

mgb¦‡qi cÖK…wZ (Nature of Coordination)

mgb¦qmva‡bi welqwU e¨e¯’vcbvi me©¯Í‡i Acwinvh©| mgš^qmvab h_v_©fv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ bv n‡j e¨e¯’vcbv e¨_©
n‡e| ZvB A‡b‡K mgb¦qmvab‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi mvie¯‘ ev wbh©vm wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| mgb¦‡qi KvRwU b¨¯Í
_v‡K e¨e¯’vc‡Ki Dci| Aaxb¯Í Kgx©iv ¯^c‡Ö Yvw`Z n‡q GKwÎZ n‡Z cv‡i, wKšÍz mgb¦q ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
KviY GB KvRwU n‡jv e¨e¯’vc‡Ki| ZvB mgš^qmva‡bi cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó Ávb _vKv e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Rb¨ AZxe
Riæwi| wb‡P G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|

BDwbU bq c„ôv-172
 e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv

1. fvimvg¨ m„wó (Balancing)t e„n`vqZb cÖwZôv‡b kÖg-wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g wewfbœ R‡bi `vwqZ¡ wewfbœfv‡e b¨¯Í
_v‡K| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK HK¨, msnwZ I fvimvg¨ Avbv cÖ‡qvRb| mgš^q Kv‡h©i gva¨‡g
wefvMmg~‡ni Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ Avb‡Z cvi‡jB cÖwZôvbwU D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Ab¨_vq Kv‡Ri
MwZ K‡g hv‡e|
2. D‡Ïk¨gywLZv (Objectivity)t GKgvÎ mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi mKj KvRKg©‡K D‡Ïk¨gyLx Kiv nq|
wewfbœ wefvM, DcwefvM Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³K I `jxq Kg©c‡Ö Póv hv‡Z D‡Ïk¨†Kw›`ªK nq, †m welqwU ¸iæ‡Z¡i
mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †m Kvi‡Y mgš^q‡K ejv nq D‡Ïk¨-wbf©i|
3. mgqvbyM (Timeliness)t eZ©gv‡b cÙv †mZzi wbg©vY KvR cy‡iv`‡g GwM‡q hv‡”Q| G‡Z GKwU wefvM ˆZwi
Ki‡Q wcjvi Avevi Ab¨ wefvM ˆZwi Ki‡Q MvW©vi| `yÕwefv‡Mi KvR hw` mgmvgwqK bv nq, Zvn‡j GKwUi
wej‡¤^i Rb¨ Ab¨wUi wej¤^ n‡e| ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î `y‡Uv wefv‡Mi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^qmvab Kiv Acwinvh©| myZivs
mgš^‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZwU KvR †hb wbw`©ó I wba©vwiZ mg‡q m¤úbœ nq †m welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. mwVK w`K-wb‡`©kbv (Proper Guideliness)t Kv‡Ri wePz¨wZ wbim‡bi Rb¨ mgš^qmvab h_vh_ w`Kwb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb K‡i| me wefvM I wefv‡M Kg©iZ e¨w³iv hv‡Z mgqgZ mwVKfv‡e Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i, †mRb¨ mwVK
wb‡`©kbv mnKv‡i mgš^qmvab Kvh© m¤úbœ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq
5. we¯Í…wZ (pervasiveness)t cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwU wefvM-Dcwefv‡Mi g‡a¨ KvRK‡g©i mgš^qmva‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq
weavq Gi we¯Í…wZ e¨vcK, A_©vr mviv cÖwZôvbe¨vcx| D”P ch©vq †_‡K wb¤œ ch©vq ch©šÍ mgš^qmva‡bi we¯Í…wZ|
Kg©iZ e¨w³ I wefv‡Mi cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ HK¨ I fvimvg¨ iÿvi mv‡_© mgš^qmva‡bi wekvj f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|
6. avivevwnKZv (Sequential)t mgš^qmvab GKwU avivevwnK cÖwµqv| mgš^‡qi avivevwnKZv bó n‡j cÖwZôv‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ AR©b e¨nZ nq| †Kbbv mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g wefvMmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î (link) ˆZwi nq|
avivevwnKZv bv _vK‡j G †hvMm~Î bó nq, ZvB mgš^qmvab cÖwZôv‡bi Rxebe¨vcx cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e Ae¨vnZ
_v‡K|

mgb¦‡qi ¸iæZ¡ (Importance of Coordination)

†h †Kvb Kv‡R mdjZvi †cQ‡b mgb¦qmvab AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| cvwievwiK, e¨emvwqK, mvgvwRK,
ivR‰bwZK cÖwZwU †ÿ‡ÎB mgb¦‡qi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| mgb¦‡qi Afv‡e wek„•Ljv, ˆbivR¨, `~ej
© g‡bvej BZ¨vw` m„wó
nq Ges e¨e¯’vcbv‡K RwUj K‡i †d‡j| wb‡P mgb¦qmva‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
(1) `ÿZv e„w× t mgš^qmva‡bi Kvi‡Y Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ `jxq g‡bvfve m„wó nq| myôz mgb¦q Kgx©‡`i `ÿZv e„wׇZ
mnvqZv K‡i| A_©vr mgwb¦Z Kv‡R Kgx©‡`i `ÿZv e„w× cvq Ges G‡Z K‡i Kv‡h©i gvbI DbœZ nq|
(2) fvimvg¨ Avbv t GKwU cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ wefv‡M wfbœ wfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Kgx© _v‡K| mK‡ji Kv‡Ri jÿ¨ _v‡K
GKwU hv e¨e¯’vcbv wba©viY K‡i †`q| GLb Gme KvR, wefvM I Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU fvimvg¨ bv _vK‡j
cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z n‡e bv| d‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, Kgx©iv wewfbœ KvR wfbœ mg‡q Ges wfbœfv‡e Ki‡Q|
†m Kvi‡Y mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU fvimvg¨ Avm‡e|
(3) AmgZv `~ixKiY t †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bB `ÿ, A`ÿ, Aa©`ÿ bvbv ai‡bi Kgx© wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| mgš^‡qi
gva¨‡g Kgx©‡`i AcxÖwZKi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv eÜ Kiv m¤¢e|
(4) HK¨e× cÖ‡Póvq jÿ¨ AR©b t mgb¦qmvab `jxq KZ©‡e¨ c~YZ
© v (perfection) Avb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| mgb¦‡qi
gva¨‡g `‡ji m`m¨‡`i GKB KvZv‡i ivLv nq| hvi d‡j m`m¨MY mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq GKwU KvR m¤úbœ K‡i
_v‡K| mgb¦qmvab `jxq m`m¨‡`i Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ msnwZ Av‡b Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e Kv‡Ri MwZkxjZv e„w×
cvq|

BDwbU bq c„ôv-173
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

(5) e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡h©i mn‡hvwMZv t B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avcwb †R‡b‡Qb †h, e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖwZwU Kv‡RB mgb¦‡qi
`iKvi nq| cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv Ges wbqš¿Y Kvh©vw` KZUv djcÖmy n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i myôz mgb¦‡qi
Dc‡i| mgb¦qmvab Qvov e¨e¯’vcK G mKj KvR h_vh_fv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
(6) AcPq n«vm t kÖg wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZwbqZ cÖwZwU cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ wefvM I DcwefvM Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b
K‡i| mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi gva¨‡g AcÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©vejx wPwýZ Kiv m¤¢e nq Ges Zv‡`i cwinvi Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvq|
(7) cÖwZôv‡bi fveg~wZ©i Dbœqb t cÖwZôv‡bi bvbv ai‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ði g‡a¨ mgb¦q mvab Kiv n‡j cY¨ I †mevi
¸YMZ DrKl© mvwaZ nq, e¨q n«vm cvq Ges cÖwZôv‡bi cÖe„w×i my‡hvM m„wó nq| G‡Z MÖvnK‡`i g‡a¨
cÖwZôv‡bi fveg~wZ© D¾¡j nq|
(8) we‡iva wb®úwË t wefvMmg~‡ni g‡a¨ wKsev wbe©vnx-wbe©vnx Ges wbe©vnx-Kg©Pvixi g‡a¨ ci¯úi we‡iva †`Lv
w`‡j mgš^qmva‡bi gva¨‡g Zv wbimb Kiv hvq| Avevi Kvh©Ki mgš^qmvab we`¨gvb _vK‡j G ai‡bi
we‡iv‡ai cwigvY Kg n‡e|
(9) g‡bvej Dbœqb t mgb¦qmva‡bi d‡j cÖwZôv‡b k„•Ljv‡ev‡ai m„wó nq| G‡Z cÖwZwU Kgx© cÖwZôv‡bi mvwe©K
j‡ÿ¨ Zvi Ae`vb m¤^‡Ü Rvbvi my‡hvM cvq| Gi d‡j Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡bve‡ji Dbœqb N‡U|
h_v_© mgš^qmvab Qvov †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi KvRKg© myôz I myk„•Ljfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv hvq bv| ZvB cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨
AR©‡bi Rb¨ mgš^qmvab Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y|©

wkÿv_©xi KvR mgš^qmva‡bi QqwU cÖK…wZ 500 k‡ãi g‡a¨ LvZvq wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc:
e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ mgb¦qmvab Kiv n‡jv Ab¨Zg GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| mgb¦qmvab K_vwUi A_©
n‡jv mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv| mvaviY D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ Kg©ZrciZvi g‡a¨ HK¨ Avbq‡bi `jxq cÖ‡Póvi myk„•Lj
web¨vm‡K mgb¦qmvab e‡j| mgb¦qmva‡bi KvRwU b¨¯Í _v‡K e¨e¯’vcK A_ev wbe©vnxi Dc‡i| mgb¦qmvab `jxq
cÖ‡Póvi mv‡_ RwoZ| GwU †Kvb e¨w³ we‡k‡li cÖ‡Póv bq| mgb¦qmva‡bi Aek¨B GKwU wbw`©ó jÿ¨ ev D‡Ïk¨
_vK‡Z n‡e|
myôz mgb¦q Kgx©‡`i `ÿZv e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i| mgb¦q `jxq KZ©‡e¨ c~YZ © v Avbq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
mgb¦qmva‡bi d‡j cÖwZôv‡b k„•Ljv‡ev‡ai m„wó nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.1

√) wPý w`b-
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK& (√
1. mgš^qmva‡bi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ †Kvb&wU?
K. Kgx© wb‡qvM L. †cÖlYv cÖ`vb
M. GKxf~ZKiY N. †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb
2. mgš^‡qi g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨ †Kvb&wU?
K. `jMZ cÖ‡Póv‡K †eMevb Kiv L. Kgx©‡`i `vq-`vwqZ¡ Z`viwK Kiv
M. myôz Kvh© cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv N. fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv

BDwbU bq c„ôv-174
 e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv

3. mg-D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ wgwjZ I msnZ Kg© cÖ‡Póv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. msMVb L. wb‡`©kbv
M. mgš^q mvab N. wbqš¿Y
4. †mŠnv`©c~Y© m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb& KvR mnvqK?
K. cwiKíbv L. wb‡`©kbv
M. mgš^qmvab N. wbqš¿Y
5. mgš^‡qi KvR‡K me©Rbxb ejv nq †Kb?
K. Af¨šÍixY Kv‡R we¯Í…Z e‡j L. e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡RI AšÍfy©³ e‡j
M. cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i g‡a¨I we¯Í…Z e‡j M. mviv‡`‡k we¯Í…Z e‡j

BDwbU bq c„ôv-175
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-9.2 mgš^qmva‡bi bxwZgvjv

Principles of Coordination
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l
• mgš^qmva‡bi bxwZgvjv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgš^qmva‡bi bxwZgvjv (Principles of Coordination)
c~e©eZx© Av‡jvPbvq Avcwb †R‡b‡Qb †h, mgš^qmvab GKwU cÖwµqv| Avi †h †Kvb cÖwµqv m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
KwZcq bxwZgvjv| bxwZgvjv ev Av`k© AbymiY K‡i mgš^qmvab Ki‡j cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mwVKfv‡e AwR©Z nq|
wb‡P mgš^qmva‡bi bxwZgvjv¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
1. cÖZ¨ÿ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi bxwZ (Principle of direct contract)t cÖwZôv‡b wbe©vnx‡`i mv‡_ Aa¯Í‡bi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ
†hvMv‡hvM we`¨gvb _vK‡j Zviv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ bvbv wel‡q mivmwi gZwewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z mgš^qmvab
Kvh© m¤úv`b mnR nq| ZvB cÖZ¨ÿ †hvM‡hvM mgš^qmva‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ|
2. cÖ_‡gB ïiæi bxwZ (Principle of early starting)t †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi c~‡e©B mgš^qmva‡bi c`‡ÿc †bIqv
DwPZ| gvSc‡_ ev AvKw¯§Kfv‡e mgš^qmva‡bi KvRwU ïiæ Kiv DwPZ bq| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q c`‡ÿc †bIqv
n‡j Kgx©MY `jxq Kvh©m¤úv`‡b Af¨¯Í nq Ges G‡Z D‡Ïk¨ AR©b mnR nq|
3. cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi bxwZ (Principle of mutuality)t e„nr cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z kÖgwefvR‡bi wfwˇZ Kv‡Ri
`vwqZ¡fvi fvM K‡i †`Iqv nq| d‡j cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi KvR ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| †m Kvi‡Y wefvM¸‡jvi
wbe©vnx‡`i g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv _vK‡j D‡Ïk¨ AR©b mnR nq| g~jZt GUvB cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZv bxwZ|
4. bgbxqZvi bxwZ (Principle of flexibility)t e¨emv‡qi cwi‡ek cÖwZwbqZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq
†Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ bgbxq bxwZ AbymiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z K‡i †Kvb we‡kl cwiw¯’‡Z Zv Lvc
LvIqv‡bv hvq|
5. DcKi‡Yi cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM bxwZ (Principle of reciprocal factors relationship)t G bxwZ Øviv GKwU
cÖwZôv‡b Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKiY (Kgx©, hš¿cvwZ, KuvPvgvj, Avw_©K m¤ú` I Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i evRvi
BZ¨vw`)-Gi g‡a¨ h_vh_ ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi K_v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
6. `jxq g‡bvfv‡ei bxwZ (Principle of group spirit)t GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi bvbv wefv‡M bvbv ai‡bi Kgx©
wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Z cv‡i| G‡`i `„wófw½ hvB †nvK bv †Kb, `jxq g‡bvfv‡ei wfwˇZ Kvh©m¤úvw`Z n‡j
mgš^qmvab †Rviv‡jv nq|
7. Av‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZ (Principle of unity of command)t wewfbœ wbe©vnxi KvQ †_‡K Av‡`k Avm‡j
mgš^qKvh© m¤úv`b m¤¢e bq| eis wek„•Ljv †`Lv w`‡e| G Rb¨ mgš^qmva‡bi Rb¨ ÔAv‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZÕ
AbymiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vr GKK Av‡`k ev wb‡`©kbv envj †i‡L mgš^q Kiv DwPZ|
8. wbiew”QbœZvi bxwZ (Principle of continuty)t mgš^qmvab Aek¨B GKwU Aweivg cÖwµqvq nIqv DwPZ| ïiæ
†_‡K †kl ch©šÍ avivevwnKZv eRvq †i‡L mgš^qmvab Kiv n‡j Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ `vqe×Zvi welqwU wbweo nq|
d‡j Kv‡h© mdjZvi nvi †e‡o hvq|

BDwbU bq c„ôv-176
 e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv

9. DËg m¤ú‡K©i bxwZ (Principle of good relation)t GLv‡b wewfbœ wefv‡Mi wbe©vnx‡`i g‡a¨ ü`¨Zvi K_v
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mgš^qmva‡bi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZôv‡b memgqB AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM Kiv
nq| hw` wbe©vnx‡`i g‡a¨ mym¤úK© weivR K‡i Zvn‡j G AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM djcÖm~ nq|
10. Awe‡”Q`¨Zvi bxwZ (Principle of integration)t cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwU KvR G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| †Kvb
KvR‡K ci¯úi Avjv`v fvevi my‡hvM †bB| GB bxwZ AbymiY K‡i mgš^qmvab Ki‡j Zv djcÖm~ n‡e|
11. fvimv‡g¨i bxwZ (Principle of balancing)t wewfbœ wefvM I Kgx©i g‡a¨ ewÈZ Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ eRvq
ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri †evSv Pvwc‡q w`‡q †gv‡UI dj fvj nq bv| G ai‡bi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i
mgš^qmvab Kiv n‡j Zv AZ¨šÍ djcÖm~ n‡e|

wkÿv_©xi KvR mgš^qmva‡bi 5wU bxwZgvjv LvZvq wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc:
mgš^qmvab GKwU cÖwµqv| Avi †h †Kvb cÖwµqv m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb bxwZgvjv| bxwZgvjv ev Av`k© AbymiY
K‡i mgš^qmvab Ki‡j cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mvwaZ nq| cÖwZôv‡b wbe©vnx‡`i mv‡_ Aa¯Í‡bi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ
†hvMv‡hvM we`¨gvb _vK‡j Zviv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ bvbv wel‡q mivmwi gZwewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb Kvh©
m¤úv`‡bi c~‡e©B mgš^qmva‡bi c`‡ÿc †bIqv DwPZ| eZ©gvb hy‡M K‡c©v‡iU e¨emv‡q kÖgwefvR‡bi wfwˇZ
Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡fvi fvM K‡i †`Iqv nq| d‡j cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi KvR ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi bvbv
wefv‡M bvbv ai‡bi Kgx© wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ wbe©vnxi KvQ †_‡K Av‡`k Avm‡j mgš^qKvh© m¤úv`b
m¤¢e bq| mgš^qmvab Aek¨B GKwU Aweivg cÖwµqvq nIqv DwPZ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.2

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK& (√ √) wPý w`b-

1. wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU mgš^q mva‡bi bxwZi AšÍf³
y© ?
K. wbqgvbyewZ©Zvi bxwZ L. Kvh©wefvRb bxwZ
M. D‡`¨vM bxwZ N. `jxq mg‡SvZvi bxwZ
2. mgš^qmvab †Kvb& e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖwµqvi mn‡hvMx?
K. cwiKíbv L. msMVb
M. wbqš¿Y N. †cÖlYv
3. †K mgš^q mvab KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib?
K. wbe©vnx L. mycvifvBRvi
M. †dvig¨vb N. BbPvR©
4. mgš^q †Kgb nIqv DwPZ?
K. RwUj L. mnR
M. bgbxq N. weivgnxb

BDwbU bq c„ôv-177
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-9.3 Kvh©Ki mgš^qmva‡bi Dcvq I c~e©kZ©

Pre-conditions and Ways of Coordination
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l
• Kvh©Ki mgš^qmva‡bi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• Kvh©Ki mgš^qmva‡bi c~e©kZ©¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgb¦qmva‡bi †KŠkj ev c×wZ (Methods or Techniques of Coordination)

B‡Zvc~‡e© Avgiv mgš^‡qi aviYv I bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| Gevi Avmyb, Avgiv mgb¦qmva‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ ev
†KŠkj m¤ú‡K© †R‡b wbB| mgš^qmvab GKwU cÖwµqv| ZvB †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b mgb¦qmvab Avcbv †_‡KB n‡Z cv‡i
bv| GB Rb¨ wKQy †KŠkj ev c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| wb‡P G¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt

(1) EaŸ©Zb wbe©vnx Øviv wbqš¿Y t c`gh©v`vi wfwˇZ GKwU cÖwZôv‡b msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖYqb Kiv nq| Avi G
msMVb KvVv‡gv Abymv‡i EaŸ©Zb wbe©vnx Zv‡`i Aa¯Íb Kgx©‡`i Kvh©vejx wbqš¿Y K‡i| G wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨B n‡”Q
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KvR n‡”Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Kiv| †m Kvi‡Y Kg©KvÐ D‡Ïk¨‡Kw›`ªK ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ wbe©vnx m`v RvMÖZ
_v‡K| wbe©vnx‡`i Kv‡Ri mvgÄZv weavb Kivi gva¨‡g mn‡R mgš^qmvab Kiv m¤¢e|

(2) wbqwgZ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv t wbqwgZ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv mgb¦‡qi GKwU djcÖm~ c×wZ| Gi d‡j wbe©vnx‡`i
g‡a¨ mKj cÖKvi fzj †evSv‡evwS Ges AmvgÄm¨Zv `~i nq| †m Kvi‡Y eo eo K‡c©v‡ik‡b wbqwgZ `jxq mfv
Kiv nq| †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g A‡bK KwVb KvRI mn‡RB mgvavb Kiv hvq, hv nq‡Zv mn‡R m¤¢e nZ
bv| cÖwZôv‡bi mKj e¨e¯’vcK ev Kgx©M‡Yi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖvwZôvwbK mKj cÖKvi mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i
Ges myôz mgb¦qmva‡bi gva¨‡g mgm¨vmg~‡ni mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e nq|

(3) KwgwU e¨e¯’v t KwgwU n‡jv K‡qKRb e¨w³i wgwjZ GKwU `j, hviv wba©vwiZ wel‡q wm×všÍMnÖ Y K‡i _v‡K|
cÖwZwU KwgwUi GKwU TOR (Terms of Reference) _v‡K| Gi gva¨‡g KwgwUi Kg©cwiwa wba©viY Kiv nq| KwgwUi
m`m¨MY‡K mvaviYZ wewfbœ ¯^v_© mswkøó cÿ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq †hb Zviv wm×všÍMnÖ ‡Y mwVKfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov, Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hvi hvi wefv‡Mi mgm¨v mgvavb mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| Avjvc-
Av‡jvPbvi ci mK‡ji gZvgZ wb‡q G KwgwU hLb †Kvb bxwZ wba©viY K‡i, ZLb mgb¦qmvab Ges cwiPvjbv
Kvh©Ki I mnR nq| e„nr cÖwZôv‡b KwgwU e¨e¯’v AZ¨šÍ djcÖm~|

(4) h_vh_ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v t DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v †h ‡Kvb e¨emv‡qi mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y|© mwVK
I `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v mgb¦qmva‡bi GKwU Kvh©Ki nvwZqvi| `~ej © †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v mgb¦qmva‡b mgm¨vi m„wó
K‡i| Kv‡RB DbœZ I mwVK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b K‡i mgb¦qmvab‡K AviI Kvh©Ki Kiv m¤¢e|

(5) mgb¦qKvix wb‡qvM t KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kvb we‡kl cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mgb¦q Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl mgb¦qKvix
wb‡qvM Kiv nq| mvaviYZ eo eo cÖwZôv‡b Gai‡bi c`wei †jvK _v‡K| wZwb wewfbœ wefvM, DcwefvM, kvLv Ges
DckvLvi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i mgb¦‡qi mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
mycvwik cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e myôz mgb¦q e¨e¯’v Pvjy ivLv nq|

BDwbU bq c„ôv-178
 e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv

(6) e¨e¯’vcKxq Z_¨ e¨e¯’v t eZ©gv‡b eo eo cÖwZôv‡b mgb¦qmva‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î Ôe¨e¯’vcKxq Z_¨-e¨e¯’vÕ
(Management Information System -MIS) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| GB e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g wewfbœ
wefv‡Mi Kv‡h©i we¯ÍvwiZ Z¨_¨ jvf Kiv m¤¢e nq| d‡j cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ mgb¦qmva‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Kiv mnR nq| DbœZ we‡k¦i A‡bK cÖwZôv‡b G ai‡bi Z_¨ msiÿY I cÖevn wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Knowledge
wefvM i‡q‡Q| mswkøó Knowledge Officer mgš^q mva‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©m¤úv`b K‡i|

mgb¦qmva‡bi c~e©kZ©mg~n (Prerequisites of Coordination)

Av`k© mgb¦‡qi wKQy c~e©kZ© i‡q‡Q| mgš^qmvab‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡b G¸‡jv cyiY Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡P
c~e©kZ©mg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
(1) mnR msMVbt GKwU cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ iKg KvR m¤úbœ nq| Gme Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ myôz mgb¦q bv n‡j mdjZv
Av‡m bv Ges D‡Ïk¨ AR©b m¤¢e nq bv| Kv‡Ri e¨vcKZv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ mgb¦‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI †e‡o
hvq| †QvU †QvU cÖwZôv‡b Kv‡Ri cwigvY Kg| †mLv‡b mKj KvR GKvB e¨e¯’vcK Z`viK Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mgš^qmvab ¯^qswµqfv‡e n‡q hvq| wKšÍz cÖwZôvb eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv A‡bK KwVb n‡q c‡o| ZLbB
mnR msMV‡bi gva¨‡g myôz mgb¦‡qi cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡o|
(2) mymsnZ cwiKíbvt cwiKíbv e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ_g KvR| wbqgZvwš¿K Dcv‡q GB cwiKíbvi myôz mgb¦q
cÖ‡qvRb| †Kbbv cwiKíbv wewfbœ wPšÍvavivi mgb¦q NUvq Ges D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi avivevwnKZv
eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡`©k K‡i| GQvov cwiKíbv wewfbœ Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úK© wb‡`©k K‡i| d‡j
mgb¦qmvab mnR nq| cwiKíbvq mgm¨v _vK‡j †Mvovq Mj` †`Lv w`‡e| cwiKíbv fvj n‡j mgš^qmvabI
h_vh_ n‡e|
(3) cwiKwíZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vt mycwiKwíZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v myôz mgb¦‡q mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨ZxZ
wb‡`©kbv mwVKfv‡e, mwVK e¨w³‡K, mwVK mg‡q †cŠuQv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v Ggb fv‡e
†X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e †hb Z_¨ †cÖi‡Y †Kvb cKvi fzjÎæwU ev cÖwZeÜKZv bv _v‡K| g‡b ivL‡eb, †hvMv‡hvM
e¨e¯’v †h cÖwZôv‡b hZ DbœZ †mLv‡b mgš^qmvabI ZZ DbœZ|
(4) ¯^Ztù~Z©Zvt mgb¦qmvab Kiv nq cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ wefvM-Dcwefv‡M Kg©iZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ hv‡`i Av‡eM
Av‡Q, Abyf‚wZ Av‡Q| Kv‡RB myôzfv‡e mgb¦qmva‡bi ciI wKQy AwZwi³ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr
Kgx©‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Rvwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e| me©RbM„nxZ GKwU AvPiY c×wZ (Code of conduct)
Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e Ges AbvbyôvwbK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯^Ztù~Z© mgb¦qmva‡bi my‡hvM e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|

(5) e¨w³MZfv‡e civgk© t mgb¦qmva‡bi Rb¨ mKj Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v †bqvi ciI wKQy mgm¨v †_‡K hvq|
cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©iv gvbyl| ZvB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Av‡eM hv A‡bK mgq AvbyôvwbKfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hvq
bv| ZvB G ch©v‡q wKQy e¨w³MZ cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ Kg©x‡`i‡K
wb‡`©k`v‡bi ciI ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z n‡e, wVKgZ wb‡`©k cvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b wKQy
civgk©I w`‡Z n‡e, †hb wb‡`©k mwVKfv‡e cvjb Kiv hvq| A‡bK mgq †QvU GKwU Dc‡`k Kvh© D×v‡i eo
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

mgš^qmva‡bi c~ek
© Z©¸‡jv 300 k‡ãi g‡a¨ LvZvq wjLyb| cÖwZwU welq
wkÿv_©xi KvR
Avcbvi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mv‡_ wgjvb|

BDwbU bq c„ôv-179
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mvims‡ÿc:
msMVb KvVv‡gv Abymv‡i EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vMY Zv‡`i Aaxb¯Í‡`i Kvh©vejx wbqš¿Y Ki‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK| wbqwgZ
Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv mgb¦‡qi GKwU AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Kix c×wZ| KwgwU n‡jv K‡qKRb e¨w³i wgwjZ GKwU `j, hviv
wewfbœ wel‡q wm×všÍMÖnY K‡i _v‡K| KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kvb we‡kl cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mgb¦q Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl
mgb¦qKvix wb‡qvM Kiv nq| MVbg~jK wPšÍvaviv‡K wbqggvwdK mvRv‡bvi gva¨‡g cwiKíbvi myôz mgb¦q m¤¢e|
Kgx©‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Rvwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e| me©RbM„nxZ GKwU AvPiY c×wZ Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
AbvbyôvwbK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯^Ztù~Z© mgb¦qmva‡bi my‡hvM e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.2

√) wPý w`b-
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√
1. Kxfv‡e mgš^q Kgx©i g‡bvej e„w× K‡i?
K. m¤ú‡`i m‡e©v”P e¨envi Øviv L. gZwe‡iva `~i K‡i
M. Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× Kiv N. HK¨ m„wó Øviv

2. Kvh©Ki mgš^‡qi c~e©kZ© †Kvb&wU?

K. DËg Kvh© cwi‡ek L. DcKiYvw`i Kvh©Ki †hvMvb
M. mgwš^Z D‡Ïk¨ I cwiKíbv N. Kvh©Ki ZË¡veavb

3. mgš^q AR©‡bi evav m„wó K‡i †Kvb&wU?

K. avivevwnKZv L. bgbxqZv
M. `ÿZv N. ˆØZ AaxbZv
4. Kvh©Ki mgš^‡qi c~e©kZ© n‡Z cv‡i-
i. my¯’ cwiKíbv
ii. Av‡`‡ki k„•Ljv
iii. wb‡`©‡ki HK¨
†KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
iPbvg~jK cÖkœvejx (Descriptive Questions)
1| mgb¦qmvab ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb? mgb¦qmva‡bi ¸iæZ¡ ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Kiæb|
2| mgb¦qmva‡bi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3| mgb¦qmva‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj ev c×wZmg~‡ni eY©bv w`b|
4| mdj mgb¦‡qi c~e©kZ©mg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
mswÿß cÖkœvejx (Short Questions)
1| mgb¦qmvab wK?
2| mgb¦qmva‡bi †KŠkj¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
3| mgb¦qmva‡bi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

BDwbU bq c„ôv-180
 e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ (Creative Questions)

1. †Kvievb Avjx Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L mKj wefvMxq I Dc-wefvMxq D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY
K‡ib Ges GwUi Av‡jv‡K me kvLv e¨e¯’vcK Zv‡`i cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb fvj dj †c‡jb|
GwU †`‡L Zvi GK eÜz wZbwU wefv‡M Abyiƒc wbqg Pvjy Ki‡jb| Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi gwZwSj cÖavb Kvh©vj‡q
cÖkvmb wefvM, gvbe m¤ú` wefvM, wnmve wefvM I wecYb wefvM Aew¯’Z| Qq gvm ciB wg. gwbi DËivq
Av‡iKwU AvaywbK Awdm wb‡q cÖkvmb wefvM‡K gwZwSj †_‡K DËivq ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| AvKl©Yxq †eZb fvZv
†`qvi c‡iI `yB eQi ci Zvi eÜz †`‡Lb †h, µgvš^‡q Zvi †jvKmvb n‡”Q |
K. mgš^q Kx?
L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ cÖwZôvq mgš^‡qi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. †Kvievb Avjx mv‡n‡ei mdj nIqvi wcQ‡b KviY Kx?
N. Zvi eÜzi e¨_©Zvi cÖavb KviYwU we‡kølY Kiæb|

2. ‡cvU© wjt AvMvgx e‡l©i Rb¨ 10% gybvdv e„w×i jÿ¨ wVK K‡i| cÖwZôv‡bi G D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L wefvMxq
cÖavb‡`i 15% weµq e„w×i jÿ¨ gvÎv †`Iqv nj| GKBfv‡e Drcv`b, µq I A_©wefvM Zv‡`i jÿ¨gvÎv
wba©viY K‡i cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡jv| Gici cÖ‡Z¨K wefvMxq cÖavb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mgš^qmvab K‡i Kvh©
m¤úv`‡bi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nj|
K. mgš^q KwgwU Kx?
L. mgš^‡qi †ÿ‡Î `jxq mg‡SvZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. 10% gybvdve„w×i D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wefvMmg~‡ni jÿ¨gvÎv wba©vi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q mgš^‡qi †Kvb& bxwZi
cÖ‡qvM N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. Kvh©Ki mgš^qmva‡bi Rb¨ KZ©„cÿ wefvMxq cÖavb‡`i †h bxwZ Abymi‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv
we‡kølY Kiæb|
4. GKwU ißvbxgyLx †cvkvK wkí-KviLvbv Ryb gv‡m 30 nvRvi wcm kvU© ˆZwii cwiKíbv K‡i| cÖ_g 10 w`‡b 8
nvRvi wcm ˆZwi nq| cieZx© 10 w`‡b 9 nvRvi wcm ˆZwi nq, gvm †k‡l †`Lv †Mj 28 nvRvi wcm ˆZwi
n‡q‡Q| d‡j cÖwZôvbwU h_vmg‡q AW©vi mieivn Ki‡Z e¨_© nq Ges cÖPzi †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb nq| ZvB
fwel¨‡Z cÖwZôvbwU mKj wefv‡M me mgq ms‡hvM evov‡Z Pvq|
K. e¨e¯’vcbvi wb‡`©kbvg~jK KvR †Kvb&wU?
L. mgš^qmva‡bi c~e©kZ© ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb?
M. mgš^qmva‡bi †Kvb& bxwZi AeZ©gv‡b cÖwZôvbwU ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. Kxfv‡e cÖwZôvbwU jvfRbK n‡Z cv‡i? gZvgZ w`b|

DËigvjv:
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 9.1 : 1.K 2.N 3.M 4.M 5.L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 9.2 : 1.N 2.L 3.K 4.M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 9.3 : 1.L 2.N 3.N 4.N

BDwbU bq c„ôv-181