CHAPTER 01 NUMBER SYSTEM

Sl Type of Description
No Numbers
1 Natural N = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .}
Numbers It is the counting numbers

2 Whole W= { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .}
Numbers It is the counting numbers + zero

3 Integers Z = {. . . -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 . . .}

4 Positive Z+ = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . }
Integers

5 Negative Z– = {. . . -4, -3, -2, -1 }

integers
CHAPTER 01 NUMBER SYSTEM
Sl Type of Description
No Numbers
A number is called rational if it can be
Rational expressed in the form p/q where p and
6
Numbers q are integers (q>0).
Ex: 4/5

A number is called rational if it cannot

Irrational be expressed in the form p/q where p
7
Numbers and q are integers (q> 0).
Ex: √2, Pi, … etc

A real number is a number that can be

found on the number line.
Real
8 All rational and irrational numbers
Numbers
makes the collection of Real Numbers.
[Denoted by the letter R]
CHAPTER 01 NUMBER SYSTEM

Rational Numbers Q
0 1 5 ½ -⅔ -9 Irrationals
Integers Z
. . ., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
...
√2
Whole Numbers W √3
0, 1, 2, 3, . . . 𝝅
0.10110111
Natural
011110...
Numbers N
1, 2, 3, . . .
CHAPTER 01 NUMBER SYSTEM
Sl Type of Description
No Numbers
The decimal expansion of a rational
number is either terminating or non
terminating recurring. Moreover, a
number whose decimal expansion is
Real terminating or non-terminating
numbers & recurring is rational.
9 their
decimal The decimal expansion of an irrational
Expansions number is non-terminating
non-recurring. Moreover, a number
whose decimal expansion is
non-terminating non-recurring is
irrational.
CHAPTER 01 NUMBER SYSTEM Sl Type of Description
No Numbers
The sum or difference of a rational
number and an irrational number is
irrational
Operations The product or quotient of a non-zero
10 on Real rational number with an irrational
numbers number is irrational.
If we add, subtract, multiply or divide
two irrationals, the result may be
rational or irrational.

Rationalizing a denominator is a
technique to eliminate the radical from
Rationaliza the denominator of a fraction.
11
tion Rationalizing the denominator helps
understand the quantity better and is
helpful to plot them on the numberline.
CHAPTER 01 NUMBER SYSTEM
Sl Type of Description
No Numbers

Laws of
12
Exponents
CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS Sl no Terms Description

A polynomial expression P(x) in one

variable is an algebraic expression in x
1 Definition where power of the variable is whole
number and coefficients are real
numbers.

Highest power of the variable in a

2 Degree
polynomial is the degree of the polynomial.

The several parts of a polynomial

separated by ‘+’ or ‘-‘ operations are called
the terms of the expression.
Terms of a
3 polynomial
expression
Ex :
CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS
#4 Types of Polynomial based on their
Degrees

Type of
Degree Form
polynomial

Constant 0 P(x) = a

Linear 1 P(x) = ax + b

Quadratic 2 P(x) = ax2 + ax + b

Cubic 3 P(x) = ax3 + ax2 + ax + b

Bi-quadratic 4 P(x) = ax4 + ax3 + ax2 + ax + b

CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS #5 Types of Polynomial based on the
number of terms

Type of
Degree Form
polynomial

Polynomials having only one term are

called monomials (‘mono’ means
Monomial 1
‘one’).
e.g., 13x2

Polynomials having only two terms are

Binomial 2 called binomials (‘bi’ means ‘two’).
e.g., (y30 + √2)

Polynomials having only three terms

are called trinomials (‘tri’ means
Trinomial 3 ‘three’).
e.g., (x4 + x3 + √2), (µ43 + µ7 + µ) and
(8y – 5xy + 9xy2) are all trinomials
CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS
Sl no Terms Description

A zero of a polynomial p(x) is a number

c such that p(c) = 0.
If P(a) = 0, then ‘a’ is the zero of the
polynomial P(x) and the root of the
polynomial equation P(x) = 0.
Zeroes or
Note:
6 Roots of a
● A non-zero constant polynomial
Polynomial
has no zero.
● By convention, every real number
is a zero of the zero polynomial.
● The maximum number of zeroes
of a polynomial is equal to its
degree.
CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS
Sl no Terms Description

Let p(x) be any polynomial of degree

greater than or equal to one and let a
Remainder be any real number.
7
Theorem If p(x) is divided by the linear
polynomial (x – a), then the remainder
is p(a).

When a polynomial f (x) is divided by

(x – a), the remainder = f (a). And, if the
Factor
8 remainder
Theorem
f (a) = 0, then (x – a) is a factor of the
polynomial f(x).
CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS
Algebraic Identities
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2

(x - y)2 = x2 - 2xy + y2

x2 - y2 = (x + y)(x - y)

(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

(x + y)3 = x3 + y3 +3xy(x + y)

(x - y)3 = x3 - y3 - 3xy(x - y)

(x+ y +z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx

x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx)

 CHAPTER 03
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Sl
Points
No.

The system used for describing the position of a

1 point in a plane is also known as the Cartesian
system.

Two number lines, one horizontal and one

2 vertical, in such a way that they intersect each
other at their zeroes, form a Cartesian Plane.

3 The horizontal line is known as the x-axis and

the vertical line is known as the y-axis.

4 The point where these two lines intersects each

other is called the origin. It is represented as ‘O’.
 CHAPTER 03
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
 CHAPTER 03
COORDINATE GEOMETRY

The x - coordinate of a point is marked by drawing

7 perpendicular from the y-axis to the point. It is
also called the Abscissa.

The y - coordinate of a point is marked by drawing

8 a perpendicular from the x-axis to the point. It is
also called the Ordinate.
 CHAPTER 03 LINEAR
Sl No. Points
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
While writing the coordinates of a point in the
9 coordinate plane, the x - coordinate comes first,
and then the y - coordinate. We write the
coordinates in brackets.

As the origin O has zero distance from the x-axis

10 and the y-axis so its abscissa and ordinate are
zero. Hence the coordinate of the
origin is (0, 0).

11 Any point on the x-axis has its y coordinate zero.

It is in the form (x,0).

12 Any point on the y-axis has its x coordinate zero.

It is in the form (0, y).
 CHAPTER 04 LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
Sl no Terms Description

An equation of the form

ax + by + c = 0 ,where a, b and c are
real numbers such that a and b are
not both zero, is called a linear
1 Definition
equation in two variables.

Note: The reason that a, degree one,

polynomial equation is called a linear
equation is its geometrical
representation is a straight line.

Solution The solution will be in the form of an

2
Form ordered pair, i.e. (x, y).
 CHAPTER 04 LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES Sl no Terms Description

There is only one solution for a linear

No of equation in one variable but there are
3
Solutions infinitely many solutions for a linear
equation in two variables.

Any pair that satisfies the equation is the

4 Solution
solution of that particular equation.

→ Write the equation in two variables in

standard form.
Steps to → Reduce it to one variable by putting an
arbitrary value for any variable, to find a
5 find the
pair of solution.
Solution → Repeat step 2 for another arbitrary
value of variable to find another pair of
solution.
 CHAPTER 04 LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
Sl no Terms Description

The solution of a linear equation is not

affected when:
1. The same number is added to (or
Points to subtracted from) both the sides of the
6
Remember equation.
2. Multiplying or dividing both the sides of
the equation by the same non-zero
number.

1. Draw a table to write the solutions

Graphing a of the given equation.
Linear 2. Then plot them on the Cartesian
7
Solution plane.
3. By joining these coordinates, we get
the line of that equation.
 CHAPTER 04 LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
Sl no Terms Description

8 Equation of y axis x=0

9 Equation of x axis y=0

Equation of a straight
10 x=k
line parallel to y- axis

Equation of a straight
11 y=c
line parallel to x- axis

Line passing through

12 y = mx
Origin
CHAPTER 06 LINES & ANGLES Axioms

1 If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two

adjacent angles so formed is 180°

2 If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then

the non common arms of the angles form a line.

3 If a transversal intersects two parallel lines,

then each pair of corresponding angles is equal.

If a transversal intersects two lines such that a

4 pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the
two lines are parallel to each other.
CHAPTER 06 LINES & ANGLES Theorems

1 If two lines intersect each other, then the

vertically opposite angles are equal.

2 If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then

each pair of alternate interior angles is equal.

If transversal intersects two lines such that a

3 pair of alternate interior angles is equal, then the
two lines are parallel.

If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then

4 each pair of interior angles on the same side of
the transversal is supplementary.
CHAPTER 06 LINES & ANGLES
Theorems

If a transversal intersects two lines such that a

5 pair of interior angles on the same side of the
transversal is supplementary, then the two lines
are parallel.

6 Lines which are parallel to the same line are

parallel to each other.

7 The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is

180°.
CHAPTER 07 TRIANGLES

Sl
Points
No.

A Triangle is a closed figure formed by three

1 straight lines. It has three - sides, angles and
vertices each.

Two triangles are said to be congruent if their

2 corresponding sides and angles are equal.
The symbol of congruence is “≅”.

In congruent triangles corresponding parts are

3 equal and we write in short ‘CPCT’ for
corresponding parts of congruent triangles.
CHAPTER 07 TRIANGLES Sl No. Criteria for Congruence

SAS → Two triangles are congruent if two sides

4 and the included angle of one triangle are equal
to the two sides and the included angle of the
other triangle.

ASA → Two triangles are congruent if two

5 angles and the included side of one triangle are
equal to two angles and the included side of
other triangle.

SSS → If three sides of one triangle are equal to

6 the three sides of another triangle, then two
triangles are congruent.

RHS → If in two right triangles the hypotenuse

7 and one side of one triangle are equal to the
hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle,
then the two triangles are congruent.
CHAPTER 07 TRIANGLES

Sl No. Triangle Properties

8 Angles opposite to the two equal sides of an

isosceles triangle are equal.

9 Sides opposite to the equal angles of the

isosceles triangle are equal.
CHAPTER 08 QUADRILATERALS
Sl
Points
No.

A quadrilateral is a closed figure formed by

1 joining four points in an order . It has four -
vertices, angles and sides each.

Types of Quadrilateral
Trapezium: One pair of opposite sides is parallel.
Kite: Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
Parallelogram: Both pairs of opposite sides are
2 parallel.
Rectangle: A parallelogram with all four angles are
right angles.
Rhombus: A parallelogram with all four sides equal.
Square: A square is a rectangle and also a rhombus.
CHAPTER 08 QUADRILATERALS Properties of a Parallelogram

Sl
Points
No.

A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two

3
congruent triangles.

In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal and

4
parallel.

If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are

5
equal and parallel, then it is a parallelogram.

6 In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.

If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angle is

7
equal, then it is a parallelogram.
CHAPTER 08 QUADRILATERALS

Sl
Points
No.

8 The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other,

9
then it is parallelogram.

Midpoint Theorem: The line-segment joining the

10 midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the
third side

Converse: The line drawn through the midpoint of

11 one side of a triangle, parallel to another side
bisects the third side.
CHAPTER 09 CIRCLES
THEOREMS

Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the

01
centre.

If the angles subtended by the chords of a circle at

02
the centre are equal, then the chords are equal

The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a

03
chord bisects the chord.

The line drawn through the centre of a circle to

04
bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are

05
equidistant from the centre (or centres).

Chords equidistant from the centre of a circle are

06 equal in length. We now take an example to illustrate
the use of the above results:
CHAPTER 09 CIRCLES
THEOREMS
The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double
07 the angle subtended by it at any point on the
remaining part of the circle.

08 Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.

If a line segment joining two points subtends equal

angles at two other points lying on the same side of
09
the line containing the line segment, the four points
lie on a circle (i.e. they are concyclic).

The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic

10
quadrilateral is 180º.

If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a

11
quadrilateral is 180º, the quadrilateral is cyclic
 CHAPTER 10
HERON’S FORMULA
 CHAPTER 11
SURFACE AREAS & VOLUMES
Cube Formulas:
TSA = 6a² & Volume = a3

Cuboid Formulas:
TSA = 2(lb + bh + lh) & Volume = lbh

Cylinder Formulas:
CSA = 2πrh; TSA = 2πrh + 2πr² & Volume = πr²h

Cone Formulas:
CSA = πrl; TSA = πrl + πr2 & Volume = ⅓ πr2h
Sphere Formulas:
SA = 4πr² & Volume = 4/3 πr3

Hemisphere Formulas:
SA = 2πr² & Volume = ⅔ πr3
 (A) Bar Graphs:
CHAPTER 12 STATISTICS
A bar graph is a pictorial representation of data in
which usually bars of uniform width are drawn with
equal spacing between them on one axis (say, the
x-axis), depicting the variable. The values of the
variable are shown on the other axis (say, the y-axis)
and the heights of the bars depend on the values of
the variable.
 (B) Histogram
CHAPTER 12 STATISTICS
This is a form of representation like the bar graph,
but it is used for continuous class intervals.
 (C) Frequency Polygon
CHAPTER 12 STATISTICS
This is a polygon, obtained by joining the mid-points
of the upper sides of the adjacent rectangles of the
histogram by means of line segments.

To complete the polygon, we assume that there is a

class interval with frequency zero at the beginning
and at the end.
SCHEDULE OF THE WEEK

13th Nov Mind Maps | CH 08 Quadrilaterals 04:00 PM

13th Nov Why some people are better at math than 09:00 PM
others?

14th Nov Formula Cheat Sheet for Maths Class 9 06:30 PM

Will my Class 9th Marks affect my Class 08:30 PM

15th Nov
10th Results?

17th Nov Class 09 Mock Paper 1 - 3 Hours - Test 05:00 PM

your level of Preparation for the Finals!

18th Nov 10 most important Assertion & Reasoning 01:00 PM

questions

19th Nov Statistics one shot 10:00 AM

19th Nov Study Routine for Exam Preparation! 05:00 PM

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8th Jan 2020-(Shift 1)