hUuf ef8f s/f/gfdf

lnlvtd\
=========================================sf]
gftL==================================sf] 5f]/f
/fd]5fk lhNnf /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # eO{ xfnsf] vfF8fb]jL
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= ! a:g] jif{ ===== sf] gf/fo0f s'df/ >]i7 gf=k|
=g+= ========================== /fd]5fk -o; s/f/gfdfdf
o;kl5 k|yd kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5_ k|yd kIf / vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|
zf]wg sDkgL, /fd]5fk -o; s/f/gfdfdf bf];|f] kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]
5_ bf];|f] kIf aLr bf];|f] kIfn] sDkgL kmd{ :yfkgf u/L afn'jf tyf 9'·f
k|zf]wg ug]{ jfl;ª tyf qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nflu bf];|f] kIf hUuf
wgLsf] hUuf ef8fdf lng] lbg] ;DaGwdf tklzndf pNn]lvt zt{ k|:tfj
Pj+ ljifoj:t'df d+h'/L u/L d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf]
s/f/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd of] hUuf ef8fdf lng]
lbg] s/f/gfdfsf] sfuh n]lv n]vfO{ ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk ;d]t u/L !
÷! k|lt lnof}+ lbof}+ . d'sfd k|yd kIfsf] 3/ j}7s xf] .
tklzn
!= s/f/sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' / d~h'/L M bf];|f] kIfn] sDkgL -
kmd{_ :yfkgf u/L afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg ug]{ jfl;ª tyf qm;/
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nflu hUufsf] cfjZostf k/]sf]df k|yd kIf;Fu
lghsf gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no /fd]5fkdf Psnf}6L btf{ >]:tf
sfod /x]sf] Psnf}6L xsef]u :jfldTjsf] o; cl3 s;}nfO{ s'g}
k|sf/n] n]lv glbPsf] /fd]5fk lhNnf xfnsf] vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf
j8f g+= ! ;fljs >]:tf k'hf{ cg';f/ /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # -s_
l:yt hUuf ls=g+= #^@ If]=km= !–!@–@–) -Ps /f]kgL afx|
cfgf b'O{ k};f_ hUuf k'/} bf];|f] kIfn] afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg
jfl;ª tyf qm;/ ;~rfng ug]{ pBf]usf nflu k|yd kIf;Fu nfdf]
cjlwsf] ef8f ;Demf}tfsf cfwf/df pkof]u ug{ lbg k|:tfj ubf{ k|
yd kIfn] k|:tfljt cfkm\gf] xssf] hUuf bf];|f] kIfnfO{ pNn]lvt
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ lbgsf nflu d~h'/ eO{ xfdL b'j} kIf aLr hUuf
ef8fdf lnglbg d~h'/L ub{5f}+ .
@= jxfn /sd tyf e'QmfgL Joj:yfM
 @=!= bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm\gf] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ k|yd kIfsf]
pNn]lvt hUuf pkef]u u/]afkt jflif{s k|lt/f]kgL ?= !
*,)))÷– -c7f/ xhf/_ sf b/n] lng lbg b'j} kIf ;xdt ePsf 5f}
+.
@=@= xfdL b'j} kIf k|s/0f @=! df pNn]lvt ef8f /sddf k|
To]s @÷@ jif{df !)Ü sf b/n] j[l4b/ sfod u/L jxfn
lgwf{/0f ug{÷u/fpg / lng lbg d~h'/L ub{5f}+ .
@=#= bf];|f] kIfn] o; k|s/0fdf pNn]lvt jxfn /sd jflif{s
Psd'i6 ?kdf clu|d e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
@=$= o; k|s/0fdf pNn]lvt ef8f /sd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
axfn s/sf] e'QmfgL bf];|f] kIfn]g} ug]{5 . k|yd kIfn] ug]
{ ef8f /sddf s§L ul/g] 5}g .

#= KnfG6 Pj+ d]lzg/L h8fg u/L ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf

#=!= bf];|f] kIfn] jxfndf lnPsf] hUufdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgodfg';f/
cfjZos :jLs[lt jf cg'dlt lnO{ sfg"gL k|lqmof k'/f u/L
afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg -jfl;ª tyf qm;/_ ug]{ pBf]u ;~rfng
ug{sf nflu cfjZos KnfG6 Pj+ d]lzg/L h8fg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#=@= bf];|f] kIfn] pBf]u ;~rfngsf qmddf ;Dej eP;Dd
WjgL, jfo' tyf cGo jftfj/l0fo k|b"if0f sd ug{ cfjZos pkfo
cjnDag ug]{5 .
$= hUufsf] ef}lts cj:yf kl/jt{g ug]{ ;DaGwdf
$=!= bf];|f] kIf sDkgLn] pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf hUufdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ef}lts kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$=@= k|yd kIfn] lkmN8df ePsf] ef}lts kl/jt{gdf s'g} ljjfb
ug]{ 5}g .
$=#= bf];|f] kIf sDkgLaf6 pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf k|s/0f
g+= $=! adf]lhd ef}lts cj:yf kl/jt{g x'g uPsf]df s/f/
cjlw ;dfKtL kl5 ;/sf/L jf ljZjfl;nf] k|fljlws dfkm{t
hUufwgL tyf ;fFw ;Flwof/nfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df /fvL
>]:tfk'hf{ tyf gfkL gS;f ;d]tsf cfwf/df hUufwgLsf] xssf]
hUuf Plsg u/L 5'6\ofO{ pkof]u of]Uo cj:yfdf kl/0ft u/L
5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .
%= s/f/ cjlw ;DaGwdfM
 %=!= o; s/f/sf] jxfn cjlw ldlt @)&% ;fn d+l;/ ! ut]b]lv
nfu" eO{ !) jif{;Ddsf] cjlw sfod /xg]5 .
%=@= k|s/0f g+= %=! adf]lhdsf] s/f/ cjlw kZrft b'j} kIfsf]
;xdlt lnO{ o; s/f/sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' tflTjs kl/jt{g gx'g]u/L
cEof;sf qmddf b]lvPsf hl6ntf / cK7\of/fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/L cfjZos ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ u/L s/f/ zt{gfdf k"g gljs/0f
ul/g]5 .
%=#= bf];|f] kIfn] nfdf] cjlw !) -bz_ jif{sf] hUuf ef8f
s/f/gfdf u/L pQm hUufdf KnfG6 tyf d]lzg/L h8fg u/L
qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf]n] s/f/ cjlwsf] ljrdf bf];|f]
kIfnfO{ x6fpg kfOg] 5}g .
%=$= sydsbflrt k|yd kIfn] cfkm\gf] xssf] hUuf ljqmL
ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePdf bf];|f] kIf;Fusf] ;xdtLdf
pBf]u ;~rfngdf s'g} jfwf gkg]{ jftfj/0f tof/ u/L dfq
ljqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^= s/, bfloTj ltg]{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;DaGwdfM
^=!= bf];|f] kIfn] ef8fdf lnPsf] hUufdf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f,
cf}Bf]lus KnfG6 h8fg u/L jxfndf /xFbf cfkm"n] k|of]u
u/]sf] ljh'nL, kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g dx;'n g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
lgodfg';f/sf s/ b:t'/ jxfns/ /sd nufot lgoldt ?kdf
ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
^=@= bf];|f] kIfn] o; s/f/gfdsf] ;dfKtL -gljs/0f kl5sf] cjlw
;d]t_ kZrft pQm hUuf hf]8\bf k|s/0f g+= @=$ / ^=!
adf]lhdsf] s/ b:t'/ tyf hUufsf] jxfn /sd ;d]t e'QmfgL
lgoldt u/L bfloTjd'Qm cj:yfdf 5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .
&= bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm\gf] pBf]udf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/L lgo'QmL ubf{
of]Uotf, Ifdtf cg';f/ k|yd kIf jf lghsf] cfl>t jf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?
nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]5 .
*= of] s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] xbdf o;} s/f/ adf]lhd tyf o;df
pNn]v gePsf] xsdf k|rlnt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfg"g Pj+ b'j} kIfsf]
cfk;L ;xdlt adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= o; s/f/sf zt{ aGb]hx? b'j} kIfn] pn+3g ug]{ 5}gg\ . s'g} kIfn]
pn+3g u/L csf]{ kIfnfO{ dsf{ kg{ uPdf dsf{ kg]{ kIfn] k|rlnt
 sfg"g adf]lhd dWo:y dfkm{t jf cGo sfg"gL k|lqmof cjnDag
u/L k|fKt ug]{ xs b'j}nfO{ ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
!)= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f l7s ;fFrf] 5 em'7\7f km/s 7x/] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;x'nf a'emfpFnf .
s/f/sf kIfx?
k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf
gf/fo0f s'df/ >]i7 vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|
zf]wg pBf]u

x:tfIf/ M 5fkM–

;fIfLx?M
-!_ l8n axfb'/ >]i7 jif{====, /fd]5fk vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= !
===================!
-@_ df]ltnfn tfdfª jif{ #(, /fd]5fk vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=
&==================!

Olt;Djt\ @)&% ;fn ============dlxgf=======ut]

/f]h======z'ed\==================.

hUuf ef8f s/f/gfdf

lnlvtd\
=========================================sf]
gftL==================================sf] 5f]/f
/fd]5fk lhNnf /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # eO{ xfnsf] vfF8fb]jL
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= ! a:g] jif{ ===== sf] eQm axfb'/ >]i7 gf=k|=g+=
========================== /fd]5fk -o; s/f/gfdfdf o;kl5 k|
yd kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5_ k|yd kIf / vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|zf]wg
sDkgL, /fd]5fk -o; s/f/gfdfdf bf];|f] kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5_ bf];|
f] kIf aLr bf];|f] kIfn] sDkgL kmd{ :yfkgf u/L afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg
ug]{ jfl;ª tyf qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nflu bf];|f] kIf hUuf wgLsf]
hUuf ef8fdf lng] lbg] ;DaGwdf tklzndf pNn]lvt zt{ k|:tfj Pj+
ljifoj:t'df d+h'/L u/L d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf]
s/f/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd of] hUuf ef8fdf lng]
lbg] s/f/gfdfsf] sfuh n]lv n]vfO{ ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk ;d]t u/L !
÷! k|lt lnof}+ lbof}+ . d'sfd k|yd kIfsf] 3/ j}7s xf] .
tklzn
!= s/f/sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' / d~h'/L M bf];|f] kIfn] sDkgL -
kmd{_ :yfkgf u/L afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg ug]{ jfl;ª tyf qm;/
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nflu hUufsf] cfjZostf k/]sf]df k|yd kIf;Fu
lghsf gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no /fd]5fkdf Psnf}6L btf{ >]:tf
sfod /x]sf] Psnf}6L xsef]u :jfldTjsf] o; cl3 s;}nfO{ s'g}
k|sf/n] n]lv glbPsf] /fd]5fk lhNnf xfnsf] vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf
j8f g+= ! ;fljs >]:tf k'hf{ cg';f/ /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # -s_
l:yt hUuf ls=g+= #^! If]=km= !–!@–@–) -Ps /f]kgL afx| cfgf
b'O{ k};f_ hUuf k'/} bf];|f] kIfn] afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg jfl;ª tyf
qm;/ ;~rfng ug]{ pBf]usf nflu k|yd kIf;Fu nfdf] cjlwsf]
ef8f ;Demf}tfsf cfwf/df pkof]u ug{ lbg k|:tfj ubf{ k|yd kIfn]
k|:tfljt cfkm\gf] xssf] hUuf bf];|f] kIfnfO{ pNn]lvt
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ lbgsf nflu d~h'/ eO{ xfdL b'j} kIf aLr hUuf
ef8fdf lnglbg d~h'/L ub{5f}+ .
@= jxfn /sd tyf e'QmfgL Joj:yfM
@=!= bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm\gf] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ k|yd kIfsf]
pNn]lvt hUuf pkef]u u/]afkt jflif{s k|lt/f]kgL ?= !
 *,)))÷– -c7f/ xhf/_ sf b/n] lng lbg b'j} kIf ;xdt ePsf 5f}
+.
@=@= xfdL b'j} kIf k|s/0f @=! df pNn]lvt ef8f /sddf k|
To]s @÷@ jif{df !)Ü sf b/n] j[l4b/ sfod u/L jxfn
lgwf{/0f ug{÷u/fpg / lng lbg d~h'/L ub{5f}+ .
@=#= bf];|f] kIfn] o; k|s/0fdf pNn]lvt jxfn /sd jflif{s
Psd'i6 ?kdf clu|d e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
@=$= o; k|s/0fdf pNn]lvt ef8f /sd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
axfn s/sf] e'QmfgL bf];|f] kIfn]g} ug]{5 . k|yd kIfn] ug]
{ ef8f /sddf s§L ul/g] 5}g .

#= KnfG6 Pj+ d]lzg/L h8fg u/L ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf

#=!= bf];|f] kIfn] jxfndf lnPsf] hUufdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgodfg';f/
cfjZos :jLs[lt jf cg'dlt lnO{ sfg"gL k|lqmof k'/f u/L
afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg -jfl;ª tyf qm;/_ ug]{ pBf]u ;~rfng
ug{sf nflu cfjZos KnfG6 Pj+ d]lzg/L h8fg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#=@= bf];|f] kIfn] pBf]u ;~rfngsf qmddf ;Dej eP;Dd
WjgL, jfo' tyf cGo jftfj/l0fo k|b"if0f sd ug{ cfjZos pkfo
cjnDag ug]{5 .
$= hUufsf] ef}lts cj:yf kl/jt{g ug]{ ;DaGwdf
$=!= bf];|f] kIf sDkgLn] pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf hUufdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ef}lts kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$=@= k|yd kIfn] lkmN8df ePsf] ef}lts kl/jt{gdf s'g} ljjfb
ug]{ 5}g .
$=#= bf];|f] kIf sDkgLaf6 pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf k|s/0f
g+= $=! adf]lhd ef}lts cj:yf kl/jt{g x'g uPsf]df s/f/
cjlw ;dfKtL kl5 ;/sf/L jf ljZjfl;nf] k|fljlws dfkm{t
hUufwgL tyf ;fFw ;Flwof/nfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df /fvL
>]:tfk'hf{ tyf gfkL gS;f ;d]tsf cfwf/df hUufwgLsf] xssf]
hUuf Plsg u/L 5'6\ofO{ pkof]u of]Uo cj:yfdf kl/0ft u/L
5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .
%= s/f/ cjlw ;DaGwdfM
%=!= o; s/f/sf] jxfn cjlw ldlt @)&% ;fn d+l;/ ! ut]b]lv
nfu" eO{ !) jif{;Ddsf] cjlw sfod /xg]5 .
 %=@= k|s/0f g+= %=! adf]lhdsf] s/f/ cjlw kZrft b'j} kIfsf]
;xdlt lnO{ o; s/f/sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' tflTjs kl/jt{g gx'g]u/L
cEof;sf qmddf b]lvPsf hl6ntf / cK7\of/fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/L cfjZos ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ u/L s/f/ zt{gfdf k"g gljs/0f
ul/g]5 .
%=#= bf];|f] kIfn] nfdf] cjlw !) -bz_ jif{sf] hUuf ef8f
s/f/gfdf u/L pQm hUufdf KnfG6 tyf d]lzg/L h8fg u/L
qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf]n] s/f/ cjlwsf] ljrdf bf];|f]
kIfnfO{ x6fpg kfOg] 5}g .
%=$= sydsbflrt k|yd kIfn] cfkm\gf] xssf] hUuf ljqmL
ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePdf bf];|f] kIf;Fusf] ;xdtLdf
pBf]u ;~rfngdf s'g} jfwf gkg]{ jftfj/0f tof/ u/L dfq
ljqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^= s/, bfloTj ltg]{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;DaGwdfM
^=!= bf];|f] kIfn] ef8fdf lnPsf] hUufdf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f,
cf}Bf]lus KnfG6 h8fg u/L jxfndf /xFbf cfkm"n] k|of]u
u/]sf] ljh'nL, kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g dx;'n g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
lgodfg';f/sf s/ b:t'/ jxfns/ /sd nufot lgoldt ?kdf
ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
^=@= bf];|f] kIfn] o; s/f/gfdsf] ;dfKtL -gljs/0f kl5sf] cjlw
;d]t_ kZrft pQm hUuf hf]8\bf k|s/0f g+= @=$ / ^=!
adf]lhdsf] s/ b:t'/ tyf hUufsf] jxfn /sd ;d]t e'QmfgL
lgoldt u/L bfloTjd'Qm cj:yfdf 5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .
&= bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm\gf] pBf]udf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/L lgo'QmL ubf{
of]Uotf, Ifdtf cg';f/ k|yd kIf jf lghsf] cfl>t jf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?
nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]5 .
*= of] s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] xbdf o;} s/f/ adf]lhd tyf o;df
pNn]v gePsf] xsdf k|rlnt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfg"g Pj+ b'j} kIfsf]
cfk;L ;xdlt adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= o; s/f/sf zt{ aGb]hx? b'j} kIfn] pn+3g ug]{ 5}gg\ . s'g} kIfn]
pn+3g u/L csf]{ kIfnfO{ dsf{ kg{ uPdf dsf{ kg]{ kIfn] k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd dWo:y dfkm{t jf cGo sfg"gL k|lqmof cjnDag
u/L k|fKt ug]{ xs b'j}nfO{ ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
!)= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f l7s ;fFrf] 5 em'7\7f km/s 7x/] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;x'nf a'emfpFnf .
s/f/sf kIfx?
k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf
eQm axfb'/ >]i7 vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|
zf]wg pBf]u

x:tfIf/ M 5fkM–

;fIfLx?M
-!_ l8n axfb'/ >]i7 jif{====, /fd]5fk vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= !
===================!
-@_ df]ltnfn tfdfª jif{ #(, /fd]5fk vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=
&==================!

Olt;Djt\ @)&% ;fn ============dlxgf=======ut]

/f]h======z'ed\==================.

hUuf ef8f s/f/gfdf

lnlvtd\
=========================================sf]
gftL==================================sf] 5f]/f
/fd]5fk lhNnf /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # eO{ xfnsf] vfF8fb]jL
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= ! a:g] jif{ ===== sf] s[i0f s'df/ >]i7 gf=k|=g+=
========================== /fd]5fk -o; s/f/gfdfdf o;kl5 k|
yd kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5_ k|yd kIf / vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|zf]wg
sDkgL, /fd]5fk -o; s/f/gfdfdf bf];|f] kIf elg ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5_ bf];|
f] kIf aLr bf];|f] kIfn] sDkgL kmd{ :yfkgf u/L afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg
ug]{ jfl;ª tyf qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nflu bf];|f] kIf hUuf wgLsf]
hUuf ef8fdf lng] lbg] ;DaGwdf tklzndf pNn]lvt zt{ k|:tfj Pj+
ljifoj:t'df d+h'/L u/L d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf]
s/f/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd of] hUuf ef8fdf lng]
lbg] s/f/gfdfsf] sfuh n]lv n]vfO{ ;fIfLx?sf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk ;d]t u/L !
÷! k|lt lnof}+ lbof}+ . d'sfd k|yd kIfsf] 3/ j}7s xf] .
tklzn
!= s/f/sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' / d~h'/L M bf];|f] kIfn] sDkgL -
kmd{_ :yfkgf u/L afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg ug]{ jfl;ª tyf qm;/
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf nflu hUufsf] cfjZostf k/]sf]df k|yd kIf;Fu
lghsf gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{no /fd]5fkdf Psnf}6L btf{ >]:tf
sfod /x]sf] Psnf}6L xsef]u :jfldTjsf] o; cl3 s;}nfO{ s'g}
k|sf/n] n]lv glbPsf] /fd]5fk lhNnf xfnsf] vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf
j8f g+= ! ;fljs >]:tf k'hf{ cg';f/ /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # -s_
l:yt hUuf ls=g+= @)$ If]=km= $–@–@–! -rf/ /f]kgL
b'O{ cfgf b'O{ k};f Ps bfd_ hUuf k'/} bf];|f] kIfn] afn'jf tyf
9'·f k|zf]wg jfl;ª tyf qm;/ ;~rfng ug]{ pBf]usf nflu k|yd kIf;Fu
nfdf] cjlwsf] ef8f ;Demf}tfsf cfwf/df pkof]u ug{ lbg k|:tfj
ubf{ k|yd kIfn] k|:tfljt cfkm\gf] xssf] hUuf bf];|f]
kIfnfO{ pNn]lvt pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ lbgsf nflu d~h'/ eO{ xfdL
b'j} kIf aLr hUuf ef8fdf lnglbg d~h'/L ub{5f}+ .
@= jxfn /sd tyf e'QmfgL Joj:yfM
@=!= bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm\gf] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ k|yd kIfsf]
pNn]lvt hUuf pkef]u u/]afkt jflif{s k|lt/f]kgL ?= !
 *,)))÷– -c7f/ xhf/_ sf b/n] lng lbg b'j} kIf ;xdt ePsf 5f}
+.
@=@= xfdL b'j} kIf k|s/0f @=! df pNn]lvt ef8f /sddf k|
To]s @÷@ jif{df !)Ü sf b/n] j[l4b/ sfod u/L jxfn
lgwf{/0f ug{÷u/fpg / lng lbg d~h'/L ub{5f}+ .
@=#= bf];|f] kIfn] o; k|s/0fdf pNn]lvt jxfn /sd jflif{s
Psd'i6 ?kdf clu|d e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
@=$= o; k|s/0fdf pNn]lvt ef8f /sd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
axfn s/sf] e'QmfgL bf];|f] kIfn]g} ug]{5 . k|yd kIfn] ug]
{ ef8f /sddf s§L ul/g] 5}g .

#= KnfG6 Pj+ d]lzg/L h8fg u/L ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf

#=!= bf];|f] kIfn] jxfndf lnPsf] hUufdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgodfg';f/
cfjZos :jLs[lt jf cg'dlt lnO{ sfg"gL k|lqmof k'/f u/L
afn'jf tyf 9'·f k|zf]wg -jfl;ª tyf qm;/_ ug]{ pBf]u ;~rfng
ug{sf nflu cfjZos KnfG6 Pj+ d]lzg/L h8fg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#=@= bf];|f] kIfn] pBf]u ;~rfngsf qmddf ;Dej eP;Dd
WjgL, jfo' tyf cGo jftfj/l0fo k|b"if0f sd ug{ cfjZos pkfo
cjnDag ug]{5 .
$= hUufsf] ef}lts cj:yf kl/jt{g ug]{ ;DaGwdf
$=!= bf];|f] kIf sDkgLn] pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf hUufdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ef}lts kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$=@= k|yd kIfn] lkmN8df ePsf] ef}lts kl/jt{gdf s'g} ljjfb
ug]{ 5}g .
$=#= bf];|f] kIf sDkgLaf6 pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf k|s/0f
g+= $=! adf]lhd ef}lts cj:yf kl/jt{g x'g uPsf]df s/f/
cjlw ;dfKtL kl5 ;/sf/L jf ljZjfl;nf] k|fljlws dfkm{t
hUufwgL tyf ;fFw ;Flwof/nfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df /fvL
>]:tfk'hf{ tyf gfkL gS;f ;d]tsf cfwf/df hUufwgLsf] xssf]
hUuf Plsg u/L 5'6\ofO{ pkof]u of]Uo cj:yfdf kl/0ft u/L
5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .
%= s/f/ cjlw ;DaGwdfM
%=!= o; s/f/sf] jxfn cjlw ldlt @)&% ;fn d+l;/ ! ut]b]lv
nfu" eO{ !) jif{;Ddsf] cjlw sfod /xg]5 .
 %=@= k|s/0f g+= %=! adf]lhdsf] s/f/ cjlw kZrft b'j} kIfsf]
;xdlt lnO{ o; s/f/sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' tflTjs kl/jt{g gx'g]u/L
cEof;sf qmddf b]lvPsf hl6ntf / cK7\of/fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/L cfjZos ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ u/L s/f/ zt{gfdf k"g gljs/0f
ul/g]5 .
%=#= bf];|f] kIfn] nfdf] cjlw !) -bz_ jif{sf] hUuf ef8f
s/f/gfdf u/L pQm hUufdf KnfG6 tyf d]lzg/L h8fg u/L
qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf]n] s/f/ cjlwsf] ljrdf bf];|f]
kIfnfO{ x6fpg kfOg] 5}g .
%=$= sydsbflrt k|yd kIfn] cfkm\gf] xssf] hUuf ljqmL
ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePdf bf];|f] kIf;Fusf] ;xdtLdf
pBf]u ;~rfngdf s'g} jfwf gkg]{ jftfj/0f tof/ u/L dfq
ljqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^= s/, bfloTj ltg]{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;DaGwdfM
^=!= bf];|f] kIfn] ef8fdf lnPsf] hUufdf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f,
cf}Bf]lus KnfG6 h8fg u/L jxfndf /xFbf cfkm"n] k|of]u
u/]sf] ljh'nL, kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g dx;'n g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
lgodfg';f/sf s/ b:t'/ jxfns/ /sd nufot lgoldt ?kdf
ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
^=@= bf];|f] kIfn] o; s/f/gfdsf] ;dfKtL -gljs/0f kl5sf] cjlw
;d]t_ kZrft pQm hUuf hf]8\bf k|s/0f g+= @=$ / ^=!
adf]lhdsf] s/ b:t'/ tyf hUufsf] jxfn /sd ;d]t e'QmfgL
lgoldt u/L bfloTjd'Qm cj:yfdf 5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .
&= bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm\gf] pBf]udf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/L lgo'QmL ubf{
of]Uotf, Ifdtf cg';f/ k|yd kIf jf lghsf] cfl>t jf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?
nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]5 .
*= of] s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] xbdf o;} s/f/ adf]lhd tyf o;df
pNn]v gePsf] xsdf k|rlnt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfg"g Pj+ b'j} kIfsf]
cfk;L ;xdlt adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= o; s/f/sf zt{ aGb]hx? b'j} kIfn] pn+3g ug]{ 5}gg\ . s'g} kIfn]
pn+3g u/L csf]{ kIfnfO{ dsf{ kg{ uPdf dsf{ kg]{ kIfn] k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd dWo:y dfkm{t jf cGo sfg"gL k|lqmof cjnDag
u/L k|fKt ug]{ xs b'j}nfO{ ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
!)= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f l7s ;fFrf] 5 em'7\7f km/s 7x/] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;x'nf a'emfpFnf .
s/f/sf kIfx?
k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf
s[i0f s'df/ >]i7 vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|
zf]wg pBf]u

x:tfIf/ M 5fkM–

;fIfLx?M
-!_ l8n axfb'/ >]i7 jif{====, /fd]5fk vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= !
===================!
-@_ df]ltnfn tfdfª jif{ #(, /fd]5fk vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=
&==================!

Olt;Djt\ @)&% ;fn ============dlxgf=======ut]

/f]h======z'ed\==================.

lnlvtd xfdL tkl;nsf JolQmx? cfu] /fd]5fk lhNnf vfF8fb]jL

ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= ! -;fljs /fsfy'd uf=lj=;= j8f g+= #_ a:g]
jif{ ===== sf] gf/fo0f s'df/ >]i7sf] gfddf Psn gfkL gS;f nfnk'hf{ k|
fKt ePsf] ls=g+= @^@ If]qkmn !–!@–@–), P],P], a:g] jif{ === sf]
eQm axfb'/ >]i7sf] gfkL gS;f nfnk'hf{ ePsf] ls=g+= @^!
If]qkmn !–!@–@–) / P], P], a:g] jif{ ==== sf] s[i0f s'df/ >]i7sf]
gfddf /x]sf] gfkL gS;f nfnk'hf{ ePsf]] ls=g+= @)$ If]qkmn $–@–
@–! ePsf] hUuf tkl;n adf]lhd rf/ lsNnf leqsf] hUufdf P], P],
vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= ! vfF8fb]jL jfn'jf k|zf]wg
pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ ;lh{ldgsf] nflu af]nfPsf] x'Fbf pQm dfly pNn]lvt
hUufx? -vfF8fb]jL afn'jf k|zf]wg pBf]u_ ;~rfng u/]df
rf}tkmL{ ;fFw;Flwof/ 5/l5d]s tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+3 ;+:yfx?df afwf gkg]
{u/L ;~rfng ubf{ s'g} km/s kg]{5}g km/s k/]df k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;x'nf a'emfpnf egL tkl;nsf ;fFw ;Flwof/ Pj+ eb|enfbdLsf]
/f]xj/df of] d'r'Nsfdf ;xL5fk ul/lbof}+ .
rf/ lsNnf
!= k"j{ – ls=g+= =========================
@= klZrd – ;fj{hlgs af6f]
#= blIf0f – ;'gsf]zL gbL
$= pQ/df – ;fj{hlgs hUuf
/f]xj/df
!=
===============================================
============
@=
===============================================
============
#=
===============================================
============
$=
===============================================
============
%=
===============================================
============
^=
===========================================
================
&=
===========================================
================

Olt;Djt\ @)&% ;fn ============dlxgf=======ut]

/f]h======z'ed\==================.