-~

~~-
Nl\1IN\S
OH~I: H\ A 1 IO~s:

I AIU LJ {~TANOARJ)l7t\ 110"- OI KMnO, (BR burctte n:adtng)

r ln11ual H.R {_in ml

0
I mat n R. (in ml ~

0
0

K"-1 O, ut
V ml
,,
~\In{) (f s
0 1 X 10
1

burcnc re dmg)
IAHI I 11 I',
lnltrnl BK tn ml} Finllll HR. (in ml.L_ Uill~• ~'11\:£1!.n 1111 i-\
2

Con 1 Ill bl r ucr

I ooornL rn Kt no,

X ml fr, , N KMnO. wet oluL(on

P p , 1000ml reel olut10,i

V 9 ...

Given steel sample • •z· g steel pres n 1000 ml o • e; solution

y
-;,.100
l

0
Rc!>l,h 1 he g,,cn sample of steel hns _ o of Iron

Page 13
 ( hlondc co111cn1 m WIiier I' 1

I ~1•11t1,ll 'N I NU,

OIIJI <.: II\ I : F.s11ma11on ol chlomlc content in 11 c 1\cn w11cr sa pie by Mohr 111Kthod

l'tu"iC11'1 I : Chlo11Jc 10M nrc pre cnl III water 111 ppm love ls I he chlo11Jc 1011 ,re Pfc nt
c,r Ii \11•( I:, :-ia( I llns is II pr«lpllAIIOn htrnllon method that U\C ,\ f '• a lhc prcc p t
o,
agtn .11,. 1s olso 1cfe11cJ 10 1s the nr cntomcluc method Polo Jtum cl rom le , u d a lhc
tnd1c ,tor to dc1cct the unJ po1nt,ol tlu, argc1110111c111c 111ra11on After 11II the chlo11d I 111 have
prcc1p1tatcd as,\ lute silver chlo11dc, the added ut11111lvcr ,on, rca.t Yoith the chrorn1tc ,on 10 form 1
n:dd11h bro\\n prcc1p11ate of s1hcr chrom:itc 1 hos, the end po nt oftl c t11tat1on Is 1hc fonnit of 1
p,,k ungc of11 rcdfah,hrown prcc1pilatc
Ai;NO, (11!\) ➔ er· (.,q) - - - -...► AgCI (s) + NO, (aq)
(\\ hnc prcc1p11atc)
2,\g?',;Oi (aq) i CrOl (atJ) ----ea>:-..• A&2C101 (s) -+ 2NO ( q)
(rcJdish,bro\111 prcc1pilctc)

ll[QUlllt ll llw\ Gl' l\'. I S ,r:,. EQU ll'Mt:~T Ai;.'1101 solution, $tnndard N:iCI sol 11(0 01 M)
pot1m111111 chromate ("1CrO,) md1cato1, chlor1dc snmplc solu11on, burcllc, p1pcUc, Erlcnmc)tr 11:ul.i,
measuring C) finder

PROC I l)lJ RL:

PJlBlJ. .S.TAN l)ARDISA1 !ill:LQI M'-101 SOIJJ um:
, . r,pc;nc out IO ml. of st ,ndJrd NaCl soluuon (0,0. M) man f.rlcnrnc) er flask
2 1\dd ~ rnl of pota\srum chromate (KiCrO ) 1ndrcator
J I ,tralc 1t """ ,\gN01 solut1011 (in burettc) until the prcc1p1tate formed ncqu11cs a pcrs,stcnt
tinge of reddish bro" n color
t, Note the burcnc rc.idmg m 1 nhlc t nnd perform I\\O more tnals Use the con tnnt b relic
rcadmi; (CBR) for calculat,ng the c,~ct moflnt} of the !lt\cn AgNO solutroo
P.l)liJ II r.sr,~1A'l 1Qi'1 QE.Q!LQRI I), IN I H~ IVEN WATl~R SAMPI l'
I Measure out 100 rnl of tap \\ntcr 1n nn l:rlenmc)., nas;.
2 Add -l mL of potassium chr(lm3tc (K,CrOd md,c:itor
3 I ilrntc ii with AgNO, solullon (111 burcttc) u111il the prc:ci1lltatc fonncd acqu1rcs a pcrs,~tcnl
tmgc of reddish bro\\n color
4 Note the burcnc readmg an I ahlc II and pcrfonn I\\O more tmls u~c the cons1an1 burcl\e
read mg (Cl3R) for ,altulallo11s
 _,:
Chloride conlcnl 111 wulct P.,gc 2/2 NMIMS
·-
OUSFRVA'J IONS:
TAJH.E I (S fANDi\lilll.SA I !ON Q1:_Ag.NQ1 S01.l.tl ION> (U,R • burc1tc rc.1ding)

,-
. Ob.\.NO.
-- lnlrlul D.R. (In mL)
- J< iool H.lt. (111 ml,) DUfort-11rc (In ml,)
- I - 0
.. -
2 0
J. 0 .
Constonr burcllc reading (CBR) V1 mL
Molarity ofAgNO, solution: M1V1 = M,V
(AgNOJ ) (NnCI)
M1 X v, - 0.01 10

0.1 (
:. M1 = - Molarity of AgNOJ)
Vi

1AULE 11 ~llMATION OFCIILORID6 lN Tiff· WA I HR SAMPLE) (8.R. = burelle reading)

-
- Obs.No.

2
I
lniri:i l B.R (in mL)-
0
0
Finni B.R. (in mL)
--
Difference (in mL)
-

J 0

Buretrc reading Yi mL
CALCULATIONS:
IOOOrnL IM AgNOJ 35.5 g chloride

Vz X M1 X 35.5
Vi ml. of M,M AgNOJ = g Chloride per 100 ml water sample
1000

= V2 x M1 x 35.5 m9 Chloride per 100 mL water sample

= V2 x M1 x 35,5 x 10 mg Chloride per 1000 mL water sample

Resuli: The given waler sample has ppm of chloride ions

 Tot.al hardness of' 1ap water - Page I/2

EXPERIMENT NO.
-"
__ .
NMIMS
-;;--;: ._.,,,,

OBJECTIVE: Estimation of total hardness of the given water sample by complcxomclry.

1 1
PRINCIPLE: Ca • & Mg • ions ore present in water in ppm levels. The chemical method used for
determining Lhe total hardness of the given water involves titration against slnndard EDT A using '
Eriochrome Black T (EBT) as the indica1or. An inilial unstable complex between the Ca 2' & Mg2 • ions
and EDT gives o wine red coloration. but at the end point of 1he tilrntion, more stable !Cn-EOTA I &
[Mg-EDTA) complexes are formed which release the free EBT and the color changes from wine red
(or purple) to a persistent blue or bluish green color.
REACTIONS:
EBT + Mg 1 •1ca1♦ (aq) [Co-EDT)/ [Mg-EBTI
(wine red or purple - complexed indica1or)
[Cn-EBT) / [Mg-EBTf + EDTA -----t--~ [Ca-EDTAJ / [Mg•EDTAI + EBT
(blue or bluish green
• free indicator)

REQlJIRED REAGENTS & EQULPMENT: Standard hard water, EDTA solution, N II.Cl-NI IJ
buffer solution, Eriochrome black T (EBT) indica1or, water sample, burctte, pipclle, rubber bulbs,
Erlenmeyer Oasks, measuring cylinder.

PROCEDURE:
PART I: STANDANRDIZATION OF [;OTA SOLUTION:
I. Pipette out IO mL of standard hard water (0.0 IM) in an Erlenmeyer Oask.
2. Add 2 mL ofN~CI-Nl-13 buffer (pH= 10) followed by the addition of 2 - 3 drops of EBT
indicator. Solution turns wine red.
3. Tit.rate the solution against EDTA solu1ion in the burclle, until the color changes from wine red
(or purple) to a persistent blue or bluish green color.
4. Note the burene reading in Table I and perform two more trials (i.e. repeat steps I - 3 of Part l,
two more times). Use the constanl burctte reading (CBR) for calculating the strength of the
EDTA solution.
PART II : ESTIMATION OF TOTAL IIARDNESS OF THE GIVEN WATER SAMPLE:
t. Measure out I 00 mL of tap water (using a graduated cylinder), in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer Oask.
2. Add 2 mL of NH&Cl-NH 3 buffer (pH = I 0) followed by the addition of 5 drops of EBT
indicator. Solu1ion turns wine red.
J. Tit.r ate the solution against the standardized EDTA soltllion (from Part I) in the burette, until
the color changes from wine red (or purple) to a persistent blue or bluish green color.
4. Note the burette reading in Table Il and perform two more trials (i.e. repeat steps I - 3 of Part
II, two more times). Use the constant burelle reading (CBR) for calculating total hardness of tap
water.
 - ·,~--•,s; »• I
a a

~ • .JI I . . :J

\
_G
NMIMS
Torol hardncs.c; of top water Page 2 '2

OBSERVATIONS:
burcttc reading)
TA BLE I (Il_ANDARDIZATION OFEDTA SOLUT~ ) (B.R

Initial D.R. (in mL) Finni D.R. (In mL) Differen ce (in mL)
Obs.No.
0
-
I
2 0
~

3 0

Constant burctte reading (CBR) = V, mL

TABLE II {f;.STIMATION OF TOTAL HARDN ESS OF TAP \~Ifil U (B.R. ~ burcne

reading)

Obs.No. Initial D.R. (in mL) Finni D.R. (in mL) Difference (in mL)
I 0
2 0
3 0

Consrnnt burcttc reading (CBR) V1 mL

CALCU LATIONS:

PART I: Dnsed on TABLE I (STANDARQIZATION OF EDl A SOLUTION):

Sl!lndanf hard ,,-arer '"' 0.0IM m tenns ofCaCOJ (Given)
:. I mL of Std. Hard water = I mgof CaCO, (Given)
:. IO mL of Std. Hard \\ater • 10 mg ofCaCO,
v, mL of EDTA is required for = 10 mg ofCaCOJ

.. 10
lmLofEDTA - mgCaC 0 3
=v,

PART II: Based on TABLE JI {ESTIMATION OF TOTAL IIARDNESS OF TAP

WATER):
I00mLo ftapwat er = V2 mLofE DTA
:. IO00 mLofta pwnter = 10 x V 2 mLofE DTA
10
=10 X Vz x-
v, mg CaC03
10
{Sfnee l ml EDTA = - mg CaCO 3)
v,
V2
= 100 XV mg CaC0 I
3 per liter tap water

Result; The total hardness of top water is ppm.