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,

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condition
probaility )

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ather

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 EC2203 – Statistics for Economists
Tutorial 1, Week 2
Homework problems

Instructions

• The questions below should be tried at home. In the first part of the tutorial, tutors
will solve these questions (as many as possible).
• All answers will be posted on Moodle, and you are welcome to raise any questions
with your tutor during office hours.
• You do not need to submit your answers when you leave.
• In the second part of the tutorial, you will have a discussion break.
• Before the discussion break the sub-groups will know which question to present.
• After the discussion break, you will know which sub-group will present.
Q1. Calculate the coefficient of variation for the following sample data: 13, 15, 12, 14, 11.
Q2. Consider the following sample of five values and corresponding frequencies:

Xi fi
4.7 8
3.8 7
5.7 4
2.6 3
5.5 2

a) Calculate the mean of X

b) What you would have done, had the X been presented in class intervals, instead of point
values? (For e.g. 0-5, 5-10…and so on)
Q3. Following is a random sample of seven (x, y) pairs of data points: (11, 102), (15, 51), (6,
25), (14, 30), (10, 21), (8, 56), (13, 30)
a) Compute the covariance.
b) Compute the correlation coefficient.

Q4. Suppose two fair dice were rolled and it was observed that the sum of two numbers was
odd. What is the probability that sum is less than 8, given that the sum is odd?

1
 EC 2203 ,
Lacture 4

Bivariale Bababilidas

P[ A ) P( AMB ) P( AMB2 , P ( AABK)

conputiy probabiliy
… [
margisal
a : ;
, + )
.

Law of tofal
Probabilidy
← K 3
B 1 B3 ;

AΛ B ,

AMB >
A ^ B>
B2

; Ʃ ", P [ B : ] P [ A 1 Bi )

P [ R1 B . )
;
B 3R 了 的R
> P[ R 1 B 3 ]
2G 弧 ;
δ
江 岋
2G

P[ RIB2] :
亨

P( B / S) : O O .

probabilidyofdeuth of stancdard polig holder

PCDIP ) , 0 005 . P[ D 1 . ] P (G ]
P ( BIG ): . 00 ' PLBI σ] [ D | s )P [ S] + P [ DIP 3 PCP )
P[
0
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 Lecture 5 ,
Discrete Random Variables and
Probabilily Distribntions

Random Variable

aapossible mumerical valvefion a randonexeriment

b 时
Biscrete Eonfinrous
no mote thoan countasleMukber of Valuas rake in inferral
a
any an
, ,

Probabiliy
DistributionsforDiscreteRandom Variable

PJobabilitlydistribintionfunclion [ PDf ]
5
probabilifyfor all the possible outcomes

σ≤ P [ X ] ≤ "
,

sum to 少

The cumulalive fundion ( CD [ ]

probailidy
,

,
X dves mof excecdthe valve X0 ; F ( x 0 ) ,
P[ X≤ xa }

Propertied of CDP

perived relationship

1 (x≤I forerery
.
O ≤
murber to

2 .
for Xo < x .
,
then [ (x 0 ) ≤ 6 ( x ] ,

什
x . coald be

Expectations and variane of DRVS

txpectedValue ( ormean ofa )

discrete random variableX :

E [ x] ;
N ;
交 × p (x ]

Expatations & variance of DRVs

variamce of an discrete random variable X

(
=
]
2 =
δ ; 6 x ,

ω] ;
系 (X N }
/
P[x )
funtion of Random Variusles
g(x )
2
;
x
,
6 ( (x )
g
) ;

交g (x) P(x ) 0

岳
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Linear funations of Random Vanriables

a . 7Ela ) , a &Varla )
:

b) C ( bx ) Var { bx ) 2 2
.
;
Bux & ; b σ s

The standard deviationof is

Y

σ" :
| blo '

Bernculli
Probabilidy Distribulion

omly ho oufcore : success & failure

,
let pbe probailidy of sacEess

, P be of failure
probailig
,

X ; / , Xi
,

P [ω ) : ( 1 ,
p) & P[ 1 ) ,
D

The maan is P
kx
,

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,
P (1 ,
P)

The Poisson Distribution

* x
P (x ) ;
& λ
入 !
Leafure 7 ?
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infegraticn

Infergration as the inverse of Differantiation

DifferenTiad{
少
[(x] + C [ [x]
0

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an instruuction for to thinkofoa funtionthat differentiales

to Uhateber srash setvean S & dx
you

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M 11 Jkf ( ) dx x ;
k {f { x 3 dx
5 dors not vork for n, ,

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g
[ x) ] dx ; { ↑ (x) dx / / g ( x 3 dx
J y* ; {nx tE

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inlegraliom of expoment of a variable on a cohstant : 5 adx ; a

^

1 c
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,

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utegratiom by Substifulion
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xdx ; Ʃ
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;
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i dx

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;
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∵xzxc

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" )

tx
d

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*

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+ e ∞

;
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Domble integralion

Sf
F(
2 x
y)
:
(x,
y) dxdy
,

5
ThevolumeundertHesurface 2 f{ x , ]
y
;

☆oayedy ↓

:
±( 维 6 xy dy ) ↓↓ =

|{ ly :) ; ↓
"

6×

{6 ( , ]
;
×

DefinniteInlegration

for Sf [ x) dx ; [ (x) 1 C

Inlegration by Snbstifution
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lim f ( ci ) .
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10
J (5
nia i ,
dx
,

find x .
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少

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)
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: 5

d ×

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eg .

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;
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;
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公 x
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乏些
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;
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;
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;

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The Uniform disfribution

edhal Brobatsilitiesfor alleqmal ,widthintervelswithin oftherandomrariable

range
,

tho

f[x] 与 b)
rage {a,

b … …

:
m

X
0 aminia mexis

cD 6
ifttt dlx
) ( ba
时 入 /! "
biulali %
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3a

Mean and Varionch of the Uniformdistribauticn

I themean
是
:
a

T the variance is O 2 , ( ba)

凸

612
µ ;

2
;
4
z
2
(以 }
1 .33 Tmo msard
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;

heMarmal Bistribufiom

singhynaledbell shagud
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,

, noladion : X -
1
N , 62
)

( x) ; l
< xu )
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e IGI
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。
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 Lecfure 11

The standard Normal distribution

Z ~
N [O ,
"
, ]

2 X U
NLo 1 )
.

;
~
.

The fransformation of Normal radom variable

ConsiderXrN Iux ,ox ) and define

Y ; axbx

Ux s
a1
bllx and 0} ;
bIo

X l[ 5 9]
ag
~ .
. ,

羉 ”

… %
… ."
…

a ] P (x ≥ 03
P (x ≥ , 0 ,P ( ]
%
) 2 > 0

;
P( 2 > ☆ ,

E5 )
3

P( )
号
; 2>

;
λP ( 2 < ]
父
Nornal approximation of Binonial

,
n idependrut frinls
of frial iP
prebabilig success on
giren
,

cry
Raadom variableXi

Xis ' x
if
, the ith Trianl issaccess
Xi , O if The itetrialis failure

ε ( x) np
;
µ ;

Var(x )
;
02
,UP { 1

P]

M ! mx

p ×< 1 p )
× ! ( nx)