Container Industry Report

Container Business Diversification Feasibility Report for SAIL RITES BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD.
SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT,PUNE
SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL (DEEMED UNIVERSITY)
(Estd. Under section 3 of the UGC act 1956)
Re-accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade (3.58/4) | Awarded Category | by UGC
LIVE PROJECT REPORT
Container Business Diversification Feasibility Report for SAIL RITES BENGAL
WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD.
By
Debadri Ghosh
22020343028
In (Partial)fulfillment
Of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Business Administration - Business Analytics
10th Feb 2024
1|Page
Acknowledgement
Unlimited learning, humbleness and approachability of the employees, inclusive culture, and
lots of mentorships are what define my stint at “SAIL RITES Bengal Wagon Industries
Pvt Ltd”. I had the opportunity to work with the factory team and learned the whole
container Business in detail and understand the opportunities.
The welcoming atmosphere in the team made me feel like a family in SRBWIPL, where help
is always a text away. My manager Mr. Sushanta Bhattacharjee has provided me with all
kinds of support and encouraged me throughout my project. The support I received from
various levels at SRBWIPL left me with gratitude and pride in being part of such an
organization.
I would like to also express my gratitude towards faculties and management, and all co-
interns for giving me the right guidance and giving me the platform at the first place.
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Completion Certificate
3|Page
Contents
1. Abstract................................................................................................................................5
2. Company Profile..................................................................................................................5
3. Work Profile.........................................................................................................................6
3.1 Project: Gaining In-Depth Business Understanding........................................................6
3.1.1 Problem Statement.............................................................................................6
3.1.2 Solution................................................................................................................6
4. Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................................29
5. Limitations......................................................................................................................30
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1. Abstract
The report titled "Container Business Diversification Strategy for SAIL RITES BENGAL
WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD" provides an in-depth analysis of the company's strategy to
diversify into container manufacturing. The report includes a company profile of SAIL
RITES BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRY PRIVATE LIMITED, a joint venture of Steel
Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) and RITES Limited, and outlines its mission, vision, and
business activities. It also details a project on container business diversification feasibility,
including the problem statement and a comprehensive solution. The report covers the
background of freight containers, types of containers, an overview of container
manufacturing in India, existing container manufacturers, potential buyers, typical
dimensions of containers, and applicable specifications. The report aims to provide valuable
insights and recommendations for the company's container business diversification strategy.
2. Company Profile
SAIL RITES BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRY PRIVATE LIMITED (SRBWIPL) is a Joint
Venture Company (JVC) of Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) and RITES Limited
(RITES), each holding equal equity stake of 50%. SAIL is a Maharatna PSU and a
Government Company under the administrative control of the Ministry of Steel. RITES, a
Miniratna PSU is a 100% Government Company under the administrative control of the
Ministry of Railways. Therefore, SRBWIPL is 100% owned by Govt. of India (Ministry of
Steel and Ministry of Railways). SRBWIPL would primarily manufacture wagons including
high-end specialized wagons for Indian Railways and other domestic and overseas customers.
It is also geared up to undertake other business activities like wagon prototyping,
rehabilitation of wagons, manufacture of fabricated items/components for railway vehicles,
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etc. They always strive to deliver outstanding customer service consistently and create a
distinctive brand image. Be innovative while striving to ensure professional satisfaction to its
employees and being a preferred employer. Assess and fulfill the expectations of the
society and community with the mission to become a world-class leader in rolling stock
manufacturing and the vision of providing concept to commissioning consultancy, design,
manufacturing and turnkey solutions in the field of rolling stock manufacturing and related
technologies of highest professional standards. Establish new national/international trends
and practices and assimilate state-of-the-art technologies to provide quality
and value to clients.
3. Work Profile
3.1 Project: Container Business Diversification Feasibility Report for SAIL RITES
BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD, Kulti
3.1.1 Problem Statement
The following are the objectives for understanding the feasibility of container manufacturing
diversification for SAIL RITES Bengal Wagon Industries Pvt. Ltd.
1) Container Demand Study
2) Types of Container
3) Container Manufacturing Industry Overview
4) Engineering Feasibility for SRBWIPL
5) ISO Standards
6) Recommendations
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3.1.2 Solution
Container Manufacturing Feasibility Study for SRBWIPL, Kulti
1. Background: As per the report of Morgen Stanley
(https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/investment-opportunities-in-india) India is
poised to become world’s 3rd Largest Economy by 2027 surpassing Germany and
Japan. India’s GDP could more than double from $3.5 trillion today to surpass $7.5
trillion by 2031. Its share of global exports could also double over that period. Share
of manufacturing sector which is bordering 17 % FY 23 is likely to grow to 21 % by
2031. This will create a strong demand for the Transportation of containers both for
International and Domestic Trade. Demand of Containers for Storage & Pota cabins is
also likely to witness corresponding growth.
2. Introduction: A freight container is an article of transportation that is permanent and
accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use, is specially designed to
facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport without
intermediate reloading, is fitted with devices permitting its ready handling -
particularly its transfer from one mode of transfer to another, is so designed as to be
easy to fill and empty and having an internal volume of I m3 (1 cubic meter) or more.
A typical ISO shipping container is made from a 'weathering steel' commonly known
as 'Cor-ten' steel. Cor-ten steel is a corrosion resistant steel that is used within many
industries where exposed steel sections are necessary, e.g. building panels, facades
and sculptures.
3. Types of Containers:
a) There are five types of Containers as per ISO 668 & ISO 1496
Part-1: General Cargo Containers for general purpose

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ISO series I freight containers are totally enclosed General purpose types and certain
specific purpose types (closed, vented, ventilated or open top) which are suitable for
international exchange and for conveyance by road, rail and sea, including
interchange between these forms of transport. General purpose shipping containers
are the most well-known and recognized containers in use today. Used to transport
goods and cargo by sea and land, they are strong, watertight, and incredibly durable.
Made with solid Carten steel with reinforced corners to enable stacking up to 8
containers high on the exposed decks of a ship on long voyages around the world,
they're built to survive the worst nature can throw at them.
Part 2: Thermal Containers
Thermal and refrigerated containers have temperature controls so goods can be kept at
a specific temperature during transport. For thermal containers, the temperature is
usually higher than the outside temperature. Refrigerated units keep temperatures
lower than the outside temperature. Both containers are well insulated to ensure that
the climate remains consistent inside.
Part 3: Tank Containers for liquids, gases and pressurized dry bulks
Tanks are storage containers designed to hold liquids, gases and pressurized dry
bulks. They are usually constructed out of anti-corrosive materials because of the
chemicals they are used to carry. Tanks may also be used to store dry goods like
sugar, but they are most often used exclusively for liquids.
Part 4: Non-pressurized containers for dry bulks
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These types of Container are used for the transport of dry bulk solids, capable of
withstanding the loads resulting from filling, transport motions and discharging of
non-packaged dry bulk solids, having filling and discharge apertures and fittings.
Part 5: Platform and platform-based containers
These are the containers having no side walls/superstructure but having a base/flat
structure with same length and width as the base of series I containers, and equipped
with top and bottom corner fittings.
b) Commonly Used General Purpose Freight Cargo Containers
There are 13 types of standard ISO containers categorized in four types on the basis of
length (i.e. 40 ft, 30 ft, 20 ft & 10 ft) and different heights (i.e. 9 ft 6 in, 8 ft 6 in, 8 ft
and less than 8 ft) with common width of 8ft.
Most common of these are 20 ft and 40 ft which are Maritime Standard ISO
Containers. Apart from standard ISO containers, there are several other domestic non-
ISO standard containers (i.e 45 ft, 24 ft and 22 ft length) having height 8 ft 6 in and
width 8 ft.
In addition, there are other non-standard dwarf containers of proprietary designs that
are also in use.
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Figure 1: Exploded view
of Typical Container
4. Overview of container manufacturing in India
In early 2021, state-run Container Corporation of India (CONCOR), for the first time,
issued a tender for Indian companies to make 6,000 containers for it. Braithwaite and
BHEL were two companies that qualified. There are a few other companies that have
ventured into container manufacturing to meet some portion of this demand. Leading
industry houses like Jindal Steel are planning to enter the market by setting up plants in
Odisha and Chandigarh. For the domestic segment alone, Container Corp of India has a
requirement of around 50,000 containers in the next three years. With this demand in
mind, the shipping industry in India will most likely manufacture containers
domestically.
5. Existing container manufacturers in India:
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a. Up until a few years ago, the global container manufacturing industry was dominated by
manufacturers in China. Indian businesses also relied on China to meet more than 90%
of their shipping container demands. However, recent years have seen an emergence of
container manufacturing industry in India. The Bureau of Indian Standards has awarded
the first license to Tata Steel’s Jamshedpur plant to produce Corten steel used in
shipping containers. This will reduce India’s dependency on China for the import of raw
materials needed for container manufacturing. Container prices in India have been
steadily decreasing due to increasing traffic at major ports. There’s now a surplus of
containers in the market, which has driven prices way down.
b. Examination of Annual Report of Public Sector Undertaking Braithwaite & Company
(Extracts placed at Annexure 9 B) indicates that it received orders from CONCOR for
1000 nos. and also from & MS D P World for manufacture of ISO containers. Companies
Annual report however admits that ‘sector has vigorous competition affecting its
pricing. Report indicates capex investment of Rs 5.11 Cr for this purpose and
manufacture of 78 containers took place in 2022-23 valued at Rs 3.31 Cr average Cost of
Rs 4.24 Lakhs
6. Top shipping container manufacturers in India
Take a look at the table below to get an overview of the top container manufacturers in
India before we discuss them later in detail.
Name Website Headquarters
Bharat Heavy Electricals

https://www.bhel.com/ New Delhi, India
Ltd
Braithwaite & Co. Ltd https://www.braithwaiteindia.com/ Kolkata, West Bengal
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DCM Hyundai Ltd https://dcmcontainers.com/ Faridabad, Haryana
J.K. Technologies Pvt. Ltd https://www.jkportacabin.com/ Panipat, Haryana
AB Sea Container Private Greater Noida, Uttar

https://www.abseacontainer.net/
Limited Pradesh
7. Potential Buyers
1. CONCOR
2. Maritime Companies including leasing companies
3. Hind Terminals
4. Gaitway Rails Freight Ltd.
5. Adani Logistics
6. Pretine Logistics
7. Navkar Rails
8. Darsal
9. India Infrastructure
10. Box Trans
8. Typical Dimensions of Containers:
Typical dimensions of ISO shipping containers are as under:
Container Type External Dimensions Internal Dimensions Cubic

Length Widt Height Length Width Height Capacity
(L) h (H) (L) (W) (H)
20ft. (W)
8ft. 8ft. 6in. 19ft. 4in. 7ft. 8in. 7ft. 10
20ft. Container 33 CBM
(6.09m) (2.44m) (2.59m) (S.89m) (2.3lm) in.
40ft. 8ft. 8ft. 6in. 39ft. Sin. 7ft. 8in. (2.34m)
7ft. 10
40ft. Container 66 CBM
(12.18m) (2.44m) (2.59m) (11.99m) (2.3lm) in.
20ft. High-Cube 20ft. 8ft. 9ft. 6in. 19ft. 4in. 7ft. 7in. (2.34m)
8ft.
37 CBM
Container (6.09m) (2.44m) (2.90m) (S.89m) (2.3lm) 8in.
(2.64m)
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40ft. High-Cube 40ft. 8ft. 9ft. 6in. 39ft. Sin. 7ft. 8in. 8ft. 10
76 CBM
Container (12.18m) (2.44m) (2.90m) (11.99m) (2.3lm) in.
(2.64m)
Figure 2: Exploded view of Typical Container
9. Applicable Specifications:
SL No ISO no. Name

1. ISO 668 Series 1 freight containers- Classification, dimensions and
Amendment-2 (2005) rating
2. ISO 668 Series 1 freight containers- Classification, dimensions and

Amendment-I (2005) rating
3. ISO 668 (1995) Series 1 freight containers- Classification, dimensions and

rating
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4. ISO I 496-I Series I freight containers- Specification and testing Part-

Amendment-5 (2006) I - General Cargo Containers for General Purpose
(Amend-5: Door end security)

(Amend-4)

(Amend-3)

Amendment-2 (I 998) I - General Cargo Containers for General Purpose
(Amend-2)

Amendment-I (I 993) I - General Cargo Containers for General Purpose
(Amend- I : I AAA and IBBB containers)
9. ISO I 496-I (I 990) Series I freight containers- Specification and testing Part-
I - General Cargo Containers for General Purpose
10. ISO I I 6 I (1984) Series I freight containers Corner fittings Specification

11. ISO 6346 (I 995) Freight containers - Coding, identification and marking
12. ISO 830 eq IS 6569 Freight Containers - Vocabulary
(2004)
13. ISO 6359 Freight Containers - Consolidated Data Plate

14. UIC 592 - 2 The International Convention of Safe Containers
10. Main manufacturing requirements:
 Steel Sheet Decoiler
 Sheet Cutting Machine
 Sheet Bending Machine
 Punching Machine
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 Jigs and fixtures
 MIG/MAG Welding Facilities.
 Testing Truck
 EOT Cranes/Automatic Loading System
 Press Machine.
 Shot Blasting
 Paint Booth.
Depending upon the scale of production, level of automation will increase along with
associated inputs.
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11. In house testing and certification requirements (ISO 1496 – 1) for each design:
a) Staking tests for different loading combination: This test is be carried out to
prove the ability of a fully loaded container to support a superimposed mass of
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containers, considering conditions aboard ships at sea and the relative
eccentricities between superimposed containers.
b) Lifting test (Lifting from Four top corner fittings): This test is be carried out
to prove the ability of a container, other than a 1D or a 1DX container, to
withstand being lifted, from the four top corner fittings, with the lifting forces
applied vertically, and the ability of a 1D or a 1DX container to withstand being
lifted from the top corner fittings with the lifting forces applied at any angle
between the vertical and 60° to the horizontal, these being the only recognized
methods of lifting these containers by the four top corner fittings.
This test is also regarded as proving the ability of the floor and base structure to
withstand the forces arising from acceleration of the payload in lifting operations.
c) Lifting test (Lifting from four bottom corner fittings): This test is carried
out to prove the ability of a container to withstand being lifted, from its four
bottom corner fittings, by means of lifting devices bearing on the bottom corner
fittings only and attached to a single transverse central spreader beam, above the
container.
d) Restraint test (Longitudinal): This test is carried out to prove the ability of a
container to withstand longitudinal external restraint under dynamic conditions of
railway operations, which implies acceleration of 2 g.
e) Strength test for end wall: This test is carried out to prove the ability of a
container to withstand forces under the dynamic conditions of railway operations,
which implies acceleration of 2g.
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f) Strength test for side wall: This test is be carried out to prove the ability of a
container to withstand the forces resulting from ship movement.
g) Strength test for the roof: This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of
the rigid roof of a container, where fitted, to withstand the loads imposed by
persons working on it.
h) Floor strength test: This test is carried out to prove the ability of a container
floor to withstand the concentrated dynamic loading imposed during cargo
operations involving powered industrial trucks or similar devices.
i) Transverse rigidity test: This test is carried out to prove the ability of a
container, other than a 1D or a 1DX container, to withstand the transversal racking
forces resulting from ship movement.
j) Longitudinal rigidity test: This test is carried out to prove the ability of a
container, other than a 1D or a 1DX container, to withstand the longitudinal
racking forces resulting from ship movement.
k) Forklift lifting tests: This test is carried out on any 1CC, 1C, 1CX, 1D or 1DX
container which is fitted with fork-lift pockets.
l) Grappler arm lifting test (from the base): This test is carried out on any
container which is fitted with fixtures for being lifted by grappler arms or similar
devices with lifting positions.
m) Weatherproof test
12. Certification Agencies (ISO 1496–1): Prototype and General Production:
 Bureau VERITAS
 American Bureau of Shipping
 RINA (Italian Classification Society)
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 Germanischer Lloyd
 CCS (China Classification Society)
13. Further requirements:
International trade continues to grow rapidly, spurred by market and trade
liberalization, reductions in transportation and communication costs and the
development of new information and communication technologies. Global trade
patterns are also changing with the emergence of large, rapidly growing Asian
economies, most notably China and India. Firms are developing sophisticated global
supply chains to improve their competitiveness, focusing on their core competencies
and outsourcing other parts of the production processes. Efficient supply chains also
facilitate just-in-time deliveries and enable better responsiveness to dynamic customer
demand. Container shipping has been one of the prerequisites - probably even the
driving force - for the dynamic development of global trade. It is difficult to imagine
globalization taking place without the assistance provided by the freight container or
containerization, as it is popularly known.
In the last few years share of containerized cargo in India has peaked up but in the last
few months the trade is feeling the heat of container shortage in the market. While
there could be several facts that resulted in the tight supply scenario but the underline
largely lies with slowdown of manufacturing industry in China and its aftermath. This
shortage condition can be utilized as opportunity to tap the supply of containers from
India.
For a ball park idea, it is mentioned that the fleet of various types of containers of
CONCOR is around 35, 000. In October 2019, CONCOR placed an order for 11,600
containers on a Chinese firm out of which around 9,500 have been supplied already
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taking CONCOT fleet to around 45, 000. The on-going international pandemic has
reduced movement of container trains in India and also maritime movements across
countries. Accordingly, it appears that there is no immediate demand for additional
containers procurement by Indian Purchasers. However, as the international maritime
traffic picks up, the demand is likely to increase in India also. With the
commissioning of DFCs, there will be further increase in demand of containers by
CONCOR and other operators. Old containers are also planned to be phased out by
CONCOR. In view of the above scenario it can be projected that after COVID-19
impact on the economy and maritime trade is over, there is likelihood of a demand of
around 5000 -6000 additional containers.
14. Cost Analysis of container:
The procurement cost of a 40 feet container by CONCOR was around Rs. 2.20 lakhs
per container when order placed by them in October, 2022. After factoring in
currency fluctuation, the present cost is around Rs. 2.35 lakhs per container. It may be
noted that these costs are landed costs of the containers in India and not
manufacturing costs ex-works. Container manufacturing cost has been estimated by
and typical manufacturing cost of container at Kulti is around 3 Lakh.
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Cost Estimates of Type-1 and Type-2 has been prepared:
I. Type-1 container (side access door)

a) Dimensions for Type 1 container (side access door):
Basic Dimensions
Outside Length 6058 mm (+0, -6)
Outside Width 2438 mm (+0, -5)
Outside Height 2896 mm (+0, -5)
Door Size
Number of Doors 4
Door Height 2566 mm
Width 1600 mm
Opening 180 degree
Overall tare weight 2750Kg
b) Cost Estimation for Type 1 container (side access door):
S. No. Item Description Qty Rate (Rs.) Total Amount

1.1 Steel plate (Carten A) 2.8 MT 57000 1,59,600
1.2 Consumables LS 12,000
1.3 Fittings LS 18,000
1 Direct Material cost Total (1.1+1.2+ 1.3) 1,89,600
2 Direct Labour cost Per piece 32,000
3 OH (a), 18%on (1+2) 39,888
4 Total (1+2+3) 2,61,488
5 Profit @8% on (4) 20,919
6 Total (4+5) 2,82,407
7 Inspection cost (a), 5% on (6) 14,120
Selling price Ex works (6+7) 2,96,527
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II. Type-2 container (end access door)

a) Dimensions for Type 2 container (end access door):
Basic Dimensions
Outside Length 6058 mm (+0,-6)
Outside Width 2438 mm (+0,-5)
Outside Height 2896 mm (+0,-5)
Door Size
Number of Doors 4
Door Height 2566 mm
Width 2286 mm
Opening 270 degree
Overall tare weight 2600 Kg
b) Cost Estimation for Type 1 container (side access door):
S. No. Item Description Qty Rate (Rs.) Total Amount

1.1 Steel plate (Carten A) 2.7 MT 57000 1,53,900
1.2 Consumables LS 12,000
1.3 Fittings LS 20,000
1 Direct Material cost Total (1.1+1.2+ 1.3) 1,85,900
2 Direct Labour cost Per piece 32,000
3 OH (a), 18%on ( 1+2) 39,222
4 Total (1+2+3) 2,57,122
5 Profit (a),8% on (4) 20,570
6 Total (4+5) 2,77,692
7 Inspection cost (a), 5% on (6) 13,885
Selling price Ex works (6+7) 2,91,576
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4. Recommendations:
 Manufacturing of ISO container at a G 105 certified wagon manufacturing facility
like Kulti is technically feasible with few inputs required like jigs, fixtures etc.
 The need for some of the M&Ps (like Sheet Corrugation Machine) can be offset
by buying such components (corrugated sheets) directly from market itself.
 Demand for new containers is likely to be generated again in around 18-24 months’
time (after COVID-19 and its major economic effects are over).
 The cost of manufacturing shall be the critical factor. The landed cost of a
container from China is around Rs. 2.35 Lakhs as against an estimate cost of
around Rs 3 Lakhs at Kulti
 In view of the above, even after a detailed costing review at Kulti, RITES may
have to approach a purchaser like CONCOR for an assured off take agreement
(like the one with Railway Board for manufacture of wagon at Kulti).
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5. Limitations
One restriction on the project was that it could only employ a small number of SRBWIL’s
resources. The reports and analytics would be produced more quickly with a more potent
instrument.
The internship was only long enough to get a quick overview of SRBWIL's extensive
ecosystem. I think additional recommendations could be made if given more time.
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Container Business Diversification Feasibility Report for SAIL RITES BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD.

SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE

SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL (DEEMED UNIVERSITY)

(Estd. Under section 3 of the UGC act 1956)

Re-accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade (3.58/4) | Awarded Category | by UGC

LIVE PROJECT REPORT

Container Business Diversification Feasibility Report for SAIL RITES BENGAL

WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD.

Of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Business Administration - Business Analytics

10th Feb 2024

container Business in detail and understand the opportunities.

WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD" provides an in-depth analysis of the company's strategy to

RITES BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRY PRIVATE LIMITED, a joint venture of Steel

business activities. It also details a project on container business diversification feasibility,

background of freight containers, types of containers, an overview of container

manufacturing in India, existing container manufacturers, potential buyers, typical

SAIL RITES BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRY PRIVATE LIMITED (SRBWIPL) is a Joint

Ministry of Railways. Therefore, SRBWIPL is 100% owned by Govt. of India (Ministry of

It is also geared up to undertake other business activities like wagon prototyping,

rehabilitation of wagons, manufacture of fabricated items/components for railway vehicles,

manufacturing and the vision of providing concept to commissioning consultancy, design,

technologies of highest professional standards. Establish new national/international trends

and practices and assimilate state-of-the-art technologies to provide quality

and value to clients.

BENGAL WAGON INDUSTRIES LTD, Kulti

3.1.1 Problem Statement

diversification for SAIL RITES Bengal Wagon Industries Pvt. Ltd.

1) Container Demand Study

3) Container Manufacturing Industry Overview

4) Engineering Feasibility for SRBWIPL

Container Manufacturing Feasibility Study for SRBWIPL, Kulti

1. Background: As per the report of Morgen Stanley

of manufacturing sector which is bordering 17 % FY 23 is likely to grow to 21 % by

also likely to witness corresponding growth.

2. Introduction: A freight container is an article of transportation that is permanent and

accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use, is specially designed to

facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport without

intermediate reloading, is fitted with devices permitting its ready handling -

particularly its transfer from one mode of transfer to another, is so designed as to be

Part-1: General Cargo Containers for general purpose

interchange between these forms of transport. General purpose shipping containers

they're built to survive the worst nature can throw at them.

Part 2: Thermal Containers

a specific temperature during transport. For thermal containers, the temperature is

the climate remains consistent inside.

Part 4: Non-pressurized containers for dry bulks

Part 5: Platform and platform-based containers

with top and bottom corner fittings.

b) Commonly Used General Purpose Freight Cargo Containers

and less than 8 ft) with common width of 8ft.

are also in use.

Figure 1: Exploded view

4. Overview of container manufacturing in India

5. Existing container manufacturers in India:

containers in the market, which has driven prices way down.

b. Examination of Annual Report of Public Sector Undertaking Braithwaite & Company

manufacture of 78 containers took place in 2022-23 valued at Rs 3.31 Cr average Cost of

6. Top shipping container manufacturers in India

India before we discuss them later in detail.

Name Website Headquarters

Bharat Heavy Electricals