APAN

Climate Change - ito ang pagbabago ng klima na dulot ng mga gawain ng tao, kabaligtaran ng mga pagbabago sa
kapaligiran na dulot ng mga natural na proseso ng mundo.
Methane - ito ay inilalabas sa kapaligiran sa pamamagitan ng pagmimina ng karbon at produksyon ng natural gas at
langis.
Nitrous oxide - ito ay uri ng greenhouse gas na pangunahing nalilikha sa pamamagitan ng nasusunog na mga fossil
fuel at pag-aaral sa mga lupain sa pagsasaka.
Ekonomiya - ito ang pangunahing konsiderasyon kung kaya’t nauso ang industriyalisasyon, pinagtibay ng mga batas
pampolitika, at itinataguyod hanggang ngayon.
Earth Summit - ito ay ginanap sa Rio de Janeiro, Brazil noong 1992 bilang unang internasyonal na pagpupulong ukol
sa climate change.
Budget Tagging - ito ay isa sa mahahalagang hakbang na ipinatupad ng gobyerno ng Pilipinas para mapigil ang
paglala ng global warming at climate change noong 2014.
Acidity - ito ang naging dulot ng dumaraming carbon dioxide sa karagatan.
Carbon Capture - ito ang proseso ng pagdedeposito ng carbon dioxide o ng kanyang carbon component sa ibang
lugar.
RA No. 9729 - ito ang unang batas sa Pilipinas ukol sa climate change na nilagdaan noong Oktubre 23, 2009.
Greenhouse effect - ito ay tumutukoy sa proseso kung saan pinananatili ng greenhiuse gases sa mundo ang enerhiya
o inat na ibinibigay ng araw.
Water Vapor - ito ang pinakamasaganang greenhouse gas sa kapaligiran na nakararating sa atmospera mula sa mga
karagatan, dagat, ilot, at lawa.
Chlorofluorocarbon - ito ang pamilya ng chlorine-containing gas na malawakang ginamit sa ika-20 siglo bilang mga
refrigerant, aerosol spray propellant, at panlinis.
Sulfur Hexafluoride - ito ay uri ng sintetikong kemikal na ginagamit sa paggawa at casting nag magnesiyo at bilang
insulasyon para sa mga high-voltage electrikal apparatus.
Hybrid electric - ito ay mga uri ng sasakyang naglalabas ng mas kaunting greenhouse gas.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - ito ay nilagdaan ng 150 bansa na
nangangakong patatagin o aayusin ang konsentrasyon ng greenhouse gases sa atmospera.
Japan - sa bansang ito nagtipon ang 160 bansa noong Disyembre 1997 upang lumikha ng isang kasunduan na
tinatawag na kyoto protocol.
European Union (EU) - ito ay nagsagawa ng isang green summit upang makabuo ng isang bagong internasyonal na
estratehiya nga tutugon sa global warming.
Paris Agreement - ito ay kasunduang nagtatakda ng tiyak na porsyento ng dapat ibaba sa greenhouse gas emission
ng bawat bansang kasapi.
George W. Bush - siya ang presidente ng United States na bumawi ng suporta para sa Kyoto Protocol noong 2001
dahil di umano ito ay naglalagay ng hindi makatarungang pasanin sa mauunlad na bansa at makapipinsala sa
ekonomiya ng United States.
ClimEx.db - ito ang computer application na ginagamit ngayon para matiyak ang eksaktong mga lugar ng mga bukirin,
mga imprastraktura, at iba pang gusali pati ang aktwal na kinatitirikan ng mga bahay, mga katangian ng mga taong
nakatira dito, kanilang mga gamit o kasangkapan at materyales na ginamit sa paggawa ng bahay.
Mga Batas sa Pangangalaga ng Kalikasan
1. Republic Act No. 7586
- Ang Republic Act No. 7586 ay kilala rin bilang National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992. Ang batas
na ito ay kumikilala sa kritikal na kahalagahan ng pangangalaga at pagpapanatili sa mga likas na biyolohikal at
pisikal na pagkakaiba-iba sa kapaligiran. Ang batas na ito ay napirmahin noong Hunyo 01, 1992 ni dating pangulong
Corazon C. Aquino.
2. Republic Act No. 9147
- Ang Republic Act No. 9147 ay ang Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act. Ito ay ukol sa
konserbasyon at proteksyon ng maiilap na hayop at ng kanilang tirahan na mahalaga upang mapaunlad ang
ecological balance at ecological diversity. Ang batas na ito ay regulasyon sa pangongolekta at pangangalakal ng
maiilap na hayop at pagsuporta ng mga pag-aaral tungkol sa konserbasyon ng biological diversity.

ENGLISH
GRAMMAR: Vocabulary Words #2
1. Fastidious - giving careful attention to details and wanting everything to be correct and perfect
2. Gibberish - unintelligible talking
3. Hackneyed - over familiar through over use
4. Impecunious - not having enough money to pay for necessities
5. Jejune - lacking interest or significance or impact
 FORMAL INFORMAL FORMAL INFORMAL

ask inquire luck fortune

also in addition but however

tell inform bad negative

want desire buy purchase

show demonstrate get receive

Journalism: Sections/Parts of a Campus Paper

A. Front Page
1. Local News - news that takes place within the country.
2. Foreign News - news that takes place outside the country.
3. Dateline News - an out-of-town news story.
4. Weather News - usually a boxed forecast of the area temperature, wind directions and velocities.
5. Index - slugline indicating an important inside page story and the page where it is found.
Other Things Found in the Front Page
1. Nameplate - the engraved or printed name of the newspaper.
2. Ears - the little boxes on either side of the nameplate.
3. Banner - the principal headline bearing the boldest and biggest type.
4. Headline - the title of the news story.
5. Deck - a subordinate headline placed immediately below its mother headline; bank/readout.
6. Lead - the beginning of a news story.
7. News story - the whole story composed of the lead and the text which is the elaboration of the lead.
8. Columns - the horizontal division into parts of a newspaper.
9. Column Rule - the vertical line that divides the page into columns.
10. Fold - the imaginary line that divides the newspaper equally.
11. Byline - the name or signature of a reporter preceding a news feature.
12. Cut - a metal plate bearing a newspaper’s illustration; cliche.
13. Cutline - the text accompanying photos and other art work.
14. Kicker - a tagline placed above but smaller than a headline; teaser.
15. Credit line - a line giving the source of the story or illustration.
B. Editorial Page
1. Folio - consists of the page no., date of publication, and name of the newspaper.
2. Masthead - the editorial box containing the logo, names of the staff, and position in the staff and the publisher.
3. Editorial Proper - a commentary written by any of the editors who comments/gives the opinion of the staff.
4. Editorial Column - a personal opinion written by the columnist himself.
5. Editorial Cartoon - usually a caricature emphasizing a simple point.
6. Editorial Liner - a short statement or quoted saying placed at the end of editorial columns.
7. Letter to the Editor - a letter sent by the reader giving his personal news on certain aspects.
C. Sports Page
D. Special Features

ESP
Vocabulary Words #2
1. Freedom - a person can be from prohibitions and pressures of others.
2. True Freedom - serving others with all your love.
3. Internal Freedom - ability of a person to be self-righteous.
4. External Freedom - ability of a person to relate well with others.
5. Welfare - health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.
6. Accordance - conformity or agreement.
7. Virtue - behavior showing high moral standards.
8. Responsible Freedom - exercising freedom with responsibility.
9. Natural Law - nature of people to freely think, decide, dream, desire, love, get angry, and act.
10. Prohibitions - prevention; act of forbidding something especially by law.
Vocabulary Word #3
1. Sanctity - state on quality of being holy, sacred or sainty.
2. Dignity - state on quality of being worthy of honor or respect.
3. Indigenous - originating or occurring naturally in a particular place.
4. Advocate 0 a person who publicly support or recommends a particular cause of policy.
5. Affirm - state as a fact, assert strongly or publicly.
6. Creed - system of christian or other religions belief; a faith.
7. Liberty - state of being free within society from oppressive restriction.
8. Heritage - property that may be inherited or inheritance.
9. Equitable - fair and impartial.
10. Demilitarization - having all military forces removed.
Using Freedom for Love and Service
The meaning of Freedom
- it is inherit by human beings
- a person can be free from prohibitions and pressures of others
The purpose of True Freedom
- a human who is selfless freely loves others
- love is a responsibility of others
- a freedom without love is worthless
Basic Concepts of Freedom
1. Natural Freedom of Humans
2. Responsible Freedom
3. Internal and External Freedom
4. Characteristics of Young People with Responsible Freedom
- freedom to act beyond personal interest
- freedom to act and accountable for any consequences of an action
- freedom to decide but doing it intelligently
- freedom in shaping an identity and has the ability of self-criticism of emotion and behavior
5. As freedom expands, responsibility expands
Youth who have chosen True Freedom
Efren Peñaflorida
- a filipino youth, used his freedom to do good for others
- he served poor children through his idea of pushcart classroom
Cris “Kesz” Valdez
- was only 13 years old when he decided to help street children
Uplifting Human Dignity for Less Fortunate
Human Dignity - same as essence of human worth
Principles of Human Dignity
1. The Principle of Sacredness
- a human person is regarded as sacred from his/her conception until death.
2. The Principle of Goodwill
- each person would be appreciated as a vital community member with material and spiritual nature.
3. The Principle of Respect and Love
- human dignity is defended through respect for and love and nurturing of life.
4. The Principle of Justice
- those who are weak, vulnerable, marginalized, or less fortunate are to be cared for.
*The Principle of Human Dignity is not just preventing killings or not making people suffer. Rather it is a call of a
culture of life in solidarity with the less fortunate.
Defending the Rights and Human Dignity of Indigenous People
1. Affirm that Indigenous People are equal to all other people.
2. Recognize the urgent need for respect and promote the rights of Indigenous People.
3. Understand that control Indigenous People over developments affecting them.
4. Appreciate the Indigenous knowledge, cultures, and traditional practices.
5. Appreciate the contribution of demilitarization of the lands and territories of Indigenous People.
6. Respect the rights of Indigenous families and communities.
7. Advocate that recognizing the rights of Indigenous People will enhance harmonious and cooperative relations.

COMPUTER
h tags (<h1> to <h6>) = these are used to define HTML (stands for HyperText Mark-Up Language) headings.
<h1> = defines the most important heading
<h6> = defines the least important heading
&nbsp = stands for non-breaking space. It is a space that will not break in to a new line. Its purpose is to prevent the
text from flowing to a new line or page. It's like invisible glue between words on either side.
Table = a tag that displays a table
Nested tables = table inside another table
ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG:
a) bgcolor = set fill color to the background.
b) border = set thickness of table border
c) cellpadding = defines the space between the cell's content and its border.
d) cellspacing = refers to the amount of space that is held between the cells in a table.
e) width = to specify the width of a table.
f) background = to add a tiled background image to a single cell
g) bordercolor = set color to the border
SUB ELEMENTS OF A TABLE TAG:
a) <tr> = defines table row
b) <th> = defines table header
c) <td> = defines table date or table cell

FILIPINO
Mga Berbal, Di Berbal, at Pasulat na Pakikipagtalastasan
Ang pakikipagtalastasan ay isinasagawa natin sa araw-araw. Sa pamamagitan nito’y nakapagpapaabot tayo sa iba ng
mga impormasyon, kaisipan, pananaw, opinyon, reaksiyon, damdamin, atbp.
1. Berbal o Pasalitang Pakikipagtalastasan ay karaniwang isinasagawa nang harapan, sa telepono, sa pamamagitan
ng makabagong application ng teknolohiya tulad ng video call, facetime, skype, gayundin ang pagsasalita sa media.
2. Di Berbal ay mga bagay na isinasagawa natin na nagpapaabot ng mensahe kahit hindi natin binibigkas tulad ng
pagkumpas ng kamay, pagtango, pagngiti, atbp.
3. Pasulat ay kinabibilangan ng liham, e-mail, SMS or short messaging system na lalong kilala bilang text message,
gayundin ang mga mensaheng ipinadadala natin sa pamamagitan ng mga social networking site.
Pang-ugnay - ginagamit sa pagsisimula, pagpapadaloy ng mga pangyayari, hanggang sa pagwawakas ng pasalaysay.
Tatlong Uri ng Pang-ugnay
1. Pang-angkop
2. Pang-ukol - kataga, salita, o pariralang nag-uugnay ng isang pangalan sa iba pang salita sa pangungusap.
alinsunod sa / alinsunod kay hinggil sa / hinggil kay laban sa / laban kay tungkol sa / tungkol kay

ayon sa / ayon kay kay / kina para sa / para kay ukol sa / ukol kay

3. Pangatnig - mga kataga, salita, o pariralang nag-uugnay ng 2 salita, parirala, sugnay, o payak na pangungusap.
at bago kaya maliban pagkat samantala sa madaling salita

anupa dahil sa kundi nang palibhasa samakatuwid sapagkat

bagaman datapwat kung ngunit pati upang subalit

bagkus kapag habang o sakali sanhi ni

MAPEH
Music: Electronic Music
Electronic Music is one of the largest developments of 20th century music. It refers to the music produced largely by
electronic music, such as synthesizers, samplers, computers, and drum machines.
1. Ambient Music - this music is identified by sound which are built to stimulate an image.
2. Break Beat - this music is recognized by its actual utilization of a 4/4 drum routine.
3. Disco - it uses high volume vocals over a rhythmic instrumentation pattern.
4. Drum and Bass - this refers to a type of dance track that is regarded by extremely fast brackets associated with a
huge bass line.
5. Down Tempo - this music is equivalent in peacefulness to decorative music.
6. Electro-music - this is expressed by its actual use of precise synthesizers together with the sipping of funk beats.
7. Electronics - it utilizes collectively foreground as well as background music.
8. Hardcore - this music is outlined by the insufficiency of a tonal target in its actual notes together with its quick beat
patterns.
9. House - this music is a kind of dance music which is a mixture of disco as well as soul music.
10. Industrial - this is an intense style of music, coupled with a lot more traditional musical genres.
11. Progressive - it utilizes certain aspects of House music with no verses.
12. Techno - it is the most popular style of electronic music.
13. Trance - this is a strong party music based on frequent synthesized phrases along with the repeated build-up.
14. UK Garage - it begun in the Great Britain as well as a descendant of House melodies.
Electronic Instruments
1. Audio Samplers - these are used in recording, playing back, and storing sounds.
2. Drum Machines - they are often used in the production of electronic hip-hop music during recordings.
3. Sound Modules - these can refer to various electronic instruments such as synthesizers, digital piano, etc.
4. Tabletop Synthesizers - they function like sound modules, but they come in compact size.
5. Audio Sequencers - these electronic musical instruments can produce samples of music.
6. Production Stations - they have a special ability to blend the force of audio sequencers, samplers, etc.
Composers of Electronic Music
1. Edgar Varèse (Dec. 22, 1883 - Nov. 06, 1963)
- his famous works include Octandre, Ionisation, Equatorial, and Poème Èlectronique.
2. Milton Babbitt (May 10, 1916 - Jan. 29, 2011)
- his compositions include Vision and Prayer, and his most widely acclaimed piece, Philomel, Relata Ⅱ, Reflections
for Piano and Synthesized Tape, and A Solo Requiem. His Piano Quartet was premiered at a concert held at the
Kennedy Center’s Terrace Theater in honor of his 80th birthday.
3. Pauline Oliveros (May 30, 1932 - Nov. 24, 2016)
- his popular works include Bye Bye Butterfly, Horse Sings from Cloud, Lear, Rattlesnake Mountain, Mnemonics Ⅲ,
and A Little Noise in the System.
Arts: Cubism and Dadaism
Cubism - an art style that has greatly influenced sculpture and painting. It emerged in the early 20th century.
Pablo Picasso and George Braque
- pioneers of cubism
- they invented the Papiers colles (was a composition technique during the winter of 1912 to1913).
2 Types of Cubism
1. Analytic Cubism - small facets of an object are reassembled to show the same object.
2. Synthetic Cubism - large pieces of paper suggest a particular object due to the shape they are cut.
The Major Cubist Sculptors
• Alexander Archipenko
• Raymond Duchamp-Villon
• Jacques Lipchitz
• Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973)
- a renowned revolutionary in the field of arts
- he brought about fundamental changes in what were considered to be accepted art concepts and traditions.
- about 20,00 creations is credited to Picasso which consists of painting, sculptures, ceramics, costumes, theatre
sets, and many other things.
- invented constructed sculpture and co invented collage art style.
Guernica - one of Picasso’s famous works. The painting depicts the tragedies brought by war and the suffering it
caused to the innocent civilians.
Dadaism - a movement in the field of literature and arts which brought about different outputs in the form of
photography, performance art, painting, collage, and sculpture.
• Marcel Duchamp (1887 - 1968)
- a French-American artist who applied Dadaism in his works.
- earned the title “Father of Conceptual Art”
- he preferred more intellectual, concept-driven approaches and was famous for rejecting purely visual art.
Readymades - was invented by Duchamp.It refer to objects that can be easily found and are possible to modify so
they can be presented in the form of an art.
L.H.O.O.Q. was one of Duchamp’s works and part of the Dada Movement in Europe toward non-traditional arts.
Surrealism is a 20th century style in art that sought to channel the unconscious as means to unlock the power of the
imagination.
Artists
• Max Ernst
• Joan Miró
• Salvador Dali
Abstract Realism is a form of art that combines two contradicting terms: abstract and realism.
Artists
• Jackson Pollock
• Franz Kline
P.E: Healthy Eating
Healthy Living refers to the steps, actions, and strategies one puts in place in order to achieve optimum health.
Healthy Eating Habits
1. Eat healthy unprocessed food
2. Switch to healthy whole grains
3. Change to healthy cooking methods
4. Eat healthy portion sizes
5. Plan your healthy shopping
Health: Health Service Providers
Health Service Providers help in promoting and securing the health and wellness of individuals.
Healthcare Professionals, which include health practitioners and healthcare providers, offer systematic healthcare
services to people, families, and communities through the use of various methods.
• Medical Doctors
• Nursing professionals
• Midwifery professionals
• Dentists
• Pharmacists
Health Facilities offer healthcare and services.
• Hospitals are institutions comprising professionally-trained doctors, nurses, paramedical clinicians, and other
medical and administrative staff who provide healthcare and services.
• Healthcare centers can be usually found within the community. The healthcare professionals working in these
centers offer outpatient, medical, nursing, dental, and other types of healthcare services.
• Medical Nursing Homes are healthcare institutions which consists of facilities that can accommodate and offer
general or specialized medical treatment in the short term or long term.
• Pharmacies and Drugstores are comprised of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy aides. These
establishments deal with the retail of prescription or nonprescription drugs and medicines as well as the retail of
other types of medical and orthopedic goods.
• Medical Laboratory and Research conduct tests on biological specimens for the purpose of obtaining information
regarding the patient’s health.
Healthcare Plans and Financing Systems aim to meet the health needs of their target population by delivering
healthcare services.
Quackery is the act of practicing medical procedures in a fraudulent or ignorant manner.
Types of Quackery
Medical Quackery
- it claims to cure a variety of health conditions through the use of drugless or bloodless treatments and remedies.
Snake Oil - a typical product used by quacks to cure illnesses.
Nutritional Quackery
- it claims to use all-natural ingredients such as medicinal plants and combine them in a single product.
Dietary supplements, weight loss products, herbal remedies, and sports foods which are not approved by the FDA.
Device Quackery
- it uses devices or accessories which claim to cure certain illnesses or health conditions even w/o medical basis.
Dials, gauges, electrodes, magnets, blinkers, amulets, charms, and talismans
Harmful Effects of Quackery
Physical Effects
• Allergies
• Illnesses such as cold or fever
Psychological Effects
• Distorted outlook
• Paranoia
• Misplaced trust
Possible Effects of Medical Quackery
• Getting healed due to one’s faith on the quack or on the remedies provided by the quack (placebo effect)
• Unimproved condition
• Prolonged illness
• False hopes
• Waste of money, time, and effort
• Death
Common Victims of Quackery
• People who suffer from serious ailments like cancer, heart problems, etc.
• People who are afraid of doctors, medical laboratories, or surgeries
• People who usually place a premium on vanity
 T.L.E
Tools and Equipments Needed in Preparation of Starch and Cereal Dishes
1. Canister - a plastic or metal container with lid that is used in storing food.
2. Colander - a perforated bowl that is used to drain the liquid from pasta.
3. Double Boiler - used for preparing sauces which easily get scorched.
4. Kettle and Rice Cooker - used for cooking rice and other foods.
5. Measuring Cups - used for measuring dry and liquid ingredients
6. Measuring Spoon - used for measuring dry and liquid ingredients which require a little amount.
7. Mixing Bowl - a large bowl used when preparing mixture, salads, creams, sand sauces.
8. Pressure Cooker - used for cooking grains and legumes.
9. Rubber Scraper - used for scraping out the contents of bowls.
10. Sauce pan and pots - used mainly for liquids, for making soups or boiling water for pasta.
11. Sifter - used for separating coarse particles of powdered ingredients.
12. Slotted Spoon - a spoon with slots, holes or other openings in the bowl of the spoon.
13. Steamer - a special container used for steaming food.
14. Strainer - used for separating liquids from fine or solid food particles.
15. Tongs - used for handling hot foods.
Kinds of Whole Grains
1. Barley
2. Brown rice
3. Buckwheat
4. Bulgur wheat
5. Wheat berry
6. Wild rice
7. Millet
8. Oatmeal
9. Popcorn
10. Quinoa
11. Sorghum
Types of Starch Foods
1. Potatoes - these are a great type of starchy food and a good source of energy, fiber, vitamin B and potassium.
2. Bread - it is a healthy choice to eat as a part of a balanced diet.
3. Cereal products - are made from grains. It can contribute to our daily intake of iron, fiber, B vitamin and protein.
4. Arrowroot starch - is a starch obtained from the rhizomes of several tropical plants.
5. Tapioca starch - is a starch extracted from cassava root.
6. Rice and grains - is an excellent choice of starchy food. It give us energy, are low in fat, and a good value for money.
7. Pasta - another healthy option to base your meal on. It consist of dough made from durum wheat and water.
Different Shapes of Pasta
1. Angel Hair - these are long, very thin and delicate strands of pasta.
2. Cannelloni - is a large tube-shaped pasta.
3. Conchiglie - a pasta variety that is shaped like a small conch of shell.
4. Ditalini - a pasta shaped like a small tube that is often used in soups.
5. Farfalle - a pasta variety that is shaped like a butterfly or bow tie.
6. Fettuccine - it is shaped like long flat ribbons.
7. Lasagna - a large, wide, flat sheets of pasta with ridged edges.
8. Linguine - it is a long, thin, flat, strips of pasta that resemble flattened spaghetti.
9. Macaroni - a type of pasta made from semolina and shaped in the form of slender tubes.
10. Manicotti - a type of pasta in the shape of tubes that are usually filled with meat or cheese.
11. Pastina - it is a variety of pasta consisting of tiny pieces of pasta available in a variety of shapes.
12. Rigatoni - it is a medium-sized tubes of ridged pasta.
13. Rotelle - a wheel shaped pasta that is also known as route.
14. Rotini - a short pasta twisted into a spiral shape, similar to fusilli.