DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS

Grade 6
(4 A’s Approach)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the 60-minute period, the grade 6 pupils should be able to:
1. Illustrate ratio and proportion.
2. Apply ratio and proportion in real-life situations.
3. Solve problems involving ratio and proportion.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Ratio and Proportion
Instructional Materials: Posters, Big book
References: Mathematics Grade 6, page 82-90
Values Integration: Unity, Teamwork, Perseverance
Strategies: 4 A’s Approach (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, Application)

III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Teaching Hints Teacher’s Ability Pupil’s Activity
A. PRELIMINARIES
1. Prayer Kindly stand for the opening prayer. Denver,
kindly lead the prayer. (Denver will lead the opening
prayer.)
2. Greetings Good morning class! Good morning Sir!
3. Checking of Do we have any absentees today? Jeschel, kindly
Attendances list down the names of the absentees and give it
to me later. Yes Sir

(The class secretary checks the

attendance)
4. Motivation Before we proceed to our discussion, let us first
have a short game. The game will be called “4
pics 1 word-Mathematics Version" Are you
familiar with that game?
Okay. I have here a posters of the game. You will
guess the words based on related pictures posted.
If you want to volunteer to answer, just raise your
hand only, understood? Yes Sir

Are you ready class? Yes Sir

(The teacher will flash the poster)
1.

Class, what can you say about the pictures? What I can see number, formulas and
does it show? Who can guess? Yes, Alvin. difference branches of
mathematics. I guess Sir that is all
about MATH.
Yes Alvin, that is correct. Nice!
2.

_Q L

Who can guess the next pic? Anyone, Yes, Rita I think Ma’am that picture shows
EQUAL.
Yes, Rita that’s correct. Good job!
3.

T 0
How about these? Yes, Raymond I think Sir that pictures shows
RATIO
Yes, that’s right. Very good, Raymond!
4.

P P N
Class, what can you say about the
Last picture? What does it show? Who can Sir, I guess that is all about
guess?Yes, Gelo? PROPORTION.
That’s a very good guess, Gelo. Your answer is
correct.

Now, we can proceed to our lesson.

A. LESSON PROPER
1. Activity Before we proceed to formal discussion, I will
test your knowledge on our topic for today-Ratio
and Proportion
Here is the question:
In Mrs. Dela Rosa's Grade 6 Math class, there are
22 girls and 19 boys. Compare the number of
girls to the number of boys and vice versa. (Student’s answers will vary)
If there are 22 girls and 19 boys,
we can say that 22 is to 19.
Okay, very good!
(Next, teacher will group the class into two- as
boys and girls and will ask the pupils to count the
numbers of each and the ratio of boys to girls and
vice versa) (Students will stand up and group
themselves and identify the ratio)
2. Analysis Very good, this topic would become easy for you
since you already know the basic concept of
ratio.

(Teacher will further explain the basic concept of

ratio)
To compare, let us use the concept of ratio. Ratio
is a comparison of two quantities. If there are 22
girls and 19 boys, we can say that 22 is to 19.
Other ways to express such comparison is by
using a colon, 22:19 or writing them in fraction
22
form, . Therefore, writing them comparing the
19
number of boys to the number of girls can be
19
expressed as 19 is to 22, 19:22, or
22
Dp you understand? Yes Sir.
3. Abstraction Ratio is the spoken language of arithmetic. It is a
way of comparing two or more quantities having
the same units - the quantities may be The
concept of ratio separate entities or they may be
different parts of a whole.

We can write the ratio of a and b in three ways:

Word form a is to b
Colon form a:b
Fraction form 𝑎
𝑏

Ratio must be expressed in simplest form, which

means that the terms are relatively prime If there
are 15 boys and 12 girls in a class, then, the ratio
of the boys to the girls is 15 is to 12 and the ratio
of the girls to the boys is 12 is to 15. In the ratio
15 is to 12, the first term is 15 and the second
15
term is 12. It may also be written as 15:12 or
12.
Even if the ratio is in fractional form, we say
fifteen is to twelve. Since the ratio is not yet in its
simplest form, we can express it as:
15 3 × 5 5
= =
12 3 × 4 4
The order in which the ratio is expressed is
important. Therefore, the order of the terms in a
ratio must correspond to the order of objects
being compared.
In a ratio, a part can be compared to its whole.
In the preceding example, the ratio of the number
of boys to the total number of students is 15 is to
27 and the ratio of the number of girls to the total
number of students is 12 is to 27. If we compare
the part to the total, the ratio of the part to the
total has the same meaning as a fraction.
Example 1 Compare the number of vowels to
consonants and vice versa in the word
MATHEMATICS, in word, colon, and fraction
forms.
Vowels A, E, and I→ 3
Consonants-M, T, H, C, and S→ 5
What is the Ratio of vowels to consonants: Word form 3 is to 5
Colon form 3:5
Fraction form 3
5

How about the Ratio of consonants to vowels: Word form 5 is to 3

Colon form 5:3
Fraction form 5
3

Do you understand? Yes, sir!

Example 2 Express the ratio of ten 25-centavo
coins to $2.50 coins in colon form. Simplify
We need to make sure that the two quantities
have the same units. P2.50 may consist of ten 25-
centavo coins. Thus, we can express the ratio of
the two quantities as 2:10. In simplest form, the
ratio of two 25-centavo coins to $2.50 coins is
1:5. Remember: The ratio of two quantities has
NO unit of measure.
Example 3
3
Write ratios equivalent to
5 3×2 6
5×2 = 10
3 × 4 12
=
5 × 4 20
3 × 6 18
=
5 × 6 30
3 × 9 27
=
5 × 9 45

What have you seen in the previous examples?

The quantities being compared in
any given ratio have the same unit
or classification
Yes, that’s right. For example, when we compare
the lengths of two objects measuring 45 cm and 1
m respectively, we say that the ratio of the
lengths is 45 to 100 or 9:20. This is because there
are 100 cm in 1 m. Both terms, 45 and 100, are
expressed in the same unit that is, cm. Another
example is when we compare the number of boys
to the number of girls. The terms of the ratio are
of the same classification-they are both persons.
We say, the ratio of 15 boys to 20 girls is 3:4.

There are instances when the terms of the ratio do

not have the same units or classifications.

For example, 60 kilometers to an hour or 60

kilometers per hour. This special ratio is called
rate.
Example 5 Joana can type 288 words in 8
minutes. How many words can she type per
minute? 288 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠 36 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠
Rate= 8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 =
36 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
 You don’t’ have question on ratio? Before we
proceed to the proportion? None Sir

Okay, When two ratios are equal, a proportion is

formed.
A proportion is a statement of equality between
two ratios. Each part of a proportion is a term.
The first and the last terms are called extremes
while the second and the third terms are called
means.
9 15
In the proportion = 𝑜𝑟 9: 325 = 15: 𝑛, 9
325 𝑛
and n are the extremes, while 325 and 15 are the
means
In a proportion, the cross products of equal ratios
are equal.
𝑎 𝑐
If = , then 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
𝑏 𝑑
Thus, the product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes.
extremes

𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑

means
If in a given proportion a term is missing, it can
be solved using cross multiplication.
Example I
Tell whether the ratios form a proportion.
6 3
a. ,
14 7 6 3
𝑎. =
6 9 14 7
b. , 6 × 7 = 14 × 3
11 16
42 = 42
The ratios form a proportion
6 9
𝑏. =
11 16
6 × 16 = 11 × 9
96 ≠ 99
The ratios do not form a proportion

5. Application RATIO:
Sheena and Nikka joined the ladies basketball
tryout. Sheena scored 34 points in her two games
while Nikka scored 51 in her three games. Whose
average point per game is higher?
Understand.
a. What is asked? Who between Sheena and Nikka
has the highest average point per
game.
b. What is given? Sheena scored 34 points in two
games Nikka scored 51 points in 3
games
Plan.
What strategy can we use to solve the problem? We can solve for each lady's
average points per game and
compare them to know who has the
higher average.

Solve. Sheena's Average Points:

34 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 17 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
=
2 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠 1 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒
= 17 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
/𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒
 Nikka's Average Points:
51 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 17 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
=
3 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠 1 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒
= 17 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
/𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒
Therefore, between the two of
them, no one scored higher. Both
Sheena and Nikka’s Average
points per game is 17.
Check:
To check, we should divide the number of points
by their number of games.
34 ÷ 2 = 17 𝑎𝑛𝑑 51 ÷ 3 = 17
So, is it correct? Sir
PROPORTION:
Example 4 In a basketball game, Mike made 5
shots in 7 tries. At this rate, how many shots can
he make in 14 tries?

Understand.
a. What is asked? The number of shots Mike can
make in 14 tries.
b. What are the given facts? Mike made 5 shots in 7 tries.

Plan. Strategy: Write a proportion and

use cross products.
Solve. 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑠
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑠
=
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠
5 𝑛
=
7 14
7 × 𝑛 = 5 × 14
7𝑛 70
=
7 7
𝑛 = 10
Mike can make 10 shots in 14 tries.
Check.
To check substitute n=10
5 × 14 = 7 × 𝑛
5 × 14 = 7 × 10
70 = 70
Are your answer correct?
Yes Sir
How do we apply the concept of ratio and
proportion in real-life situations? In budgeting, ratio and proportion
comes in many forms. How much
allowance do you receive from
your parents? Does your older
sibling receive the same amount?
Could you tell the ratio of your
allowance to that of your older
sibling? Ratio and proportion is
also useful in describing quantities
as well. How many boys and how
many girls are in your class? Is the
ratio of boys to girls in your class
the same as the ratio of that in the
other section?
IV. EVALUATION
A. Write a ratio for each of the following in three ways
1. 6 weeks to 12 days
2. 24 girls to 18 boys

B. Express each rate in lowest term

3. The ratio Php 5, 760 to 12 hours
 4. The ratio of 368 students to 8 buses

C. Solve each proportion

10
5-6. 𝑛
16 = 56
18
7-8. 21
𝑛 = 28
9-10.Mix 3 liters of water with 4 lemons to make lemonade. How many liters of water are mixed with
8 lemons?

V. ASSIGNMENT
Study in advance on direct, inverse and partitive proportion.

Prepared by:

ANTHONY D. SERRATO
Teacher 1