LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS 8

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must have:
1. State the properties of inequality.
2. Explain Trichotomy Property of Real Numbers
3. Define the greater than and less than for angles and segments.
4. Apply properties of inequality in proving geometric statements.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Geometric Inequalities
 Properties of Inequalities
 Inequalities for Real Numbers, Segments and
Angles Mathematical Concept:
a. Inequality – is a relation that holds between two values when they
are different.
b. Addition Property – states that if the same amount is added to
both sides of the equation, then the equality is still true.
c. Multiplication Property – states that if we multiply one side of an
equation, we also multiply the other side of the equation by the
same number to keep the equation the same.
d. Transitive Property – states that, for any real numbers a, b and c, if a
= b and b = c then a = c.
e. Trichotomy Property – states that for natural numbers a and b,
either a is less than b, a equals b, or a is greater than b.
f. Real Numbers – include all the rational numbers and all the irrational
numbers.
g. Angles – a shape form by two lines or rays diverging from a
common point, the vertex.
h. Segments – a straight line which links two points without
extending beyond them.

References:
• Geometry, Third Year, Edna B Zuela, et. al. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City, p. 187-191
• Chapter 7: Geometric Inequalities, www.pobschools.org/lib/domain.
Accessed 21 November 2017
• Properties of Inequality – Basic Mathematics, www.basic-
mathematics.com/properties-of-inequality.html. Accessed 21 November 2017

Materials: cartolina and print outs

Value Focus: speed, accuracy and neatness

III. Procedure
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Daily Routine
PRAYER

(The teacher writes her name on

the board and introduce herself
to the class)

Good morning class. I am Sir

Reynald and I will be your Yes, Sir!
teacher for today’s lesson.
Is that okay with you?

Okay. Before we start, may we The students will stand up and

 stand up and pray? (The teacher call pray.
up the students for a prayer)

CLEANING
Okay, class, before taking your The students pick up pieces on the
seats, may we all pick up pieces floor and throw it into the trashcan.
on the floor and throw them into
the trashcan.
GREETINGS
Good morning once again, class. Good morning, Sir!
CHECKING OF ATTENDANCE
Are there any absent students None,Sir.
today?

Very good.

A. Preparatory Activity
1. Review
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Last time, Sir Angelo discussed Solving for x,
about the applications of CITT we first equate the two
and ITT. So how do we find x if equations, combine like
both sides of the triangle are terms and solve for the
congruent? value of x.
2. Drill
a. Put the visual materials on the board.
b. Students will examine the visual materials on the board.
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Okay, class. I have here numbers Students will volunteer to fill in the
which have blanks in between. All blanks with the correct inequality
you have to do is to fill in the symbol.
blanks with the correct inequality
symbols. Let’s assume that
PacMan’s mouth is our inequality
symbols for greater than and less
than. (The clarifies the instruction)

Here are the Expected correct answers from the

given: 1. 5 __ 2 students.
2. 4 __ 8 1. 5 > 2
3. 15 __ 10 2. 4 < 8
4. 1 __ 2 3. 15 > 10
4. 1 < 2

Okay, good. Let’s continue. Applause.

B. Developmental Activities
1. Motivation
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
I have here words which will Yes, Sir.
determine your personal choices
using inequality symbols about
which of the two are greater or
more important. Are you ready
to make a choice?

Here are the given situations: Students varied answers

1. Forever ___ Walang Forever and explanations.
2. Crush Mo ___ Friends Mo
3. Lagaw ___ Study
4. Food ___ Boyfriend/Girlfriend
5. Love Letters ___ Chocolates
 Now that you already knew that Yes, Sir.
sometimes we have to choose
what is more important. Like for
example, sometimes your crush is
more important than your friends
or there are others who prioritize
their studies rather than roaming
around because there’s an exam.
In real life situation there are
inequalities or some things
have bigger weight than the
other.
Do you think inequalities also
exist in mathematics? Ready
yourself as we will all find out if
inequalities
exist in Math.

2. Presentation
Properties of Inequality
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Okay, class, today we will be Three.
dealing with geometric
inequalities.
Beginning with properties of
inequalities. So, class, there are
three properties of inequalities
that we will later use for the
measures
of angles and segments.

The first property is Transitive If a>b, b>c, then a>c. That is

Property of Inequality. Do you have Transitive Property.
an idea about transitive property?

Okay. Good. Transitive property Students listen.

states that if a > b and b > c →a
> c or a < b and b < c →a < c

We have here another example for

Transitive Property of Inequality,
m ∠4>m∠5 and m∠5>∠6 →
m∠4>m∠6

Do you understand now? Yes, Sir.

Another example is, AC < DE and

DE < HI → AC < HI

Okay. Is it all clear now for the Yes, Sir!

Transitive Property of Inequality?
Do you have another example?
Very good. Now let’s proceed to
the second property of inequality
which is the Addition Property of Yes, Sir.
Inequality. It states that if a > b
and c ≥ d →a + c > b + d. For this
we have example, m∠A>m∠C and
m∠S=m∠S →m∠A+m∠S>m∠C+
m∠S.
 Now please observe the
example. What did we add to both
We add m∠S to both sides.
sides of the first inequality?

Okay very good. Another example for addition property of inequality is If 1>4 then 1+6<4+6.

Notice that we add 6 to both sides. Yes, Sir.

Right?

Okay. We’re done with the Addition Property of Inequality.

Okay, Now for the last property of

Inequality is the Multiplication
Property of Inequality. It states that if
a > b and c > 0 →ac > bc.
Example, m∠ABC> m ∠DEF →
𝟏 m ∠ABC>𝟏 m ∠DEF. Understand?
𝟐 𝟐

Suppose, we will multiply both

sides by 𝟏. Is 𝟏.positive? Yes Sir.
𝟐𝟐

Other example for Multiplication Property of Inequality, Suppose 2<5, then 2 x 10 < 5 x 10.
Notice that z = 10 and 10 > 0.

The other property that we will
need for angles and segments is
the Trichotomy Property of Real
Numbers. Who can read the
explanation for this property?
Students raised their hands and
read
For every a and b є R, one and
only one of the following relation
is true at a time.

In simple term, Yes, sir.

a = b or a > b or a < b. Do you
understand?
Note that only one of these
inequalities is true.
For example, we have given 2<4
numbers 2 and 4. What is true?
2=4
2<4
2>4

Okay. It’s 2<4. Thus, only one is true and this is Trichotomy Property.
Other example, given two numbers 5 is less than 7.
5 and 7,
5 is less than 7 5<7
5 is equal to 7 5=7
5 is greater than 7 5>
7 Which statement is true?

Can more than one statement be No. 5 cannot be equal to or greater

true? than 7.

Okay. Very good.

Inequalities for Real Number, Segments and Angles

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Since you know now the different Students listen to the explanation.
properties of inequality, let us
discuss the definition of greater
than and less than for the angles
and segments. For greater than
(>) angles, m ∠P > m ∠Q then ∠P
>
∠Q.
Further, for greater than segments
(>), if PQ > ST then PQ > ST.

Meanwhile for less than (<) angles,

m∠R < m ∠S then ∠R < ∠S. For
segments, if MN < OP
then MN < OP.

Example # 1. We have here the

following figure:

90° 45°
P
Q

What is the measure of ∠P? 45°

What is the measure of ∠Q? 90°

Is m ∠Q > m ∠ P? Yes Sir.

or ∠Q > ∠ P

Example # 2. we have,

P Q S T
5 inches 3 inches
 What is the measure of PQ? 5 inches

What is the measure of ST? 3 inches

Is PQ greater than ST? Yes Sir.

So, if PQ>ST then PQ>ST. Do you Yes Sir.

understand now?

3. Practice Exercise
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Let us now practice what we have Observe the table similar below.
learned in the properties of
inequalities and definition of angles
and segments and apply these
definitions and properties of
inequality in proving geometric
statements.

Given that DE > AE and EC < EB, Students raised their hands.
prove that BD ≠ AC. Who can try
to prove?

Statements are already given; write

the reason for each statement in
the property.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. DE > AE 1. Given
EC > EB

2. DE + EB > AE + EC 3. Addition Property of Inequality

(API)

3. BD = DE + EB 4. def: betweeness/SAP
AC + AE = EC

4. BD > AC 5. Substitution Principle

5. BD ≠ AC 6. Trichotomy Property of Real

Numbers

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

 So we have first the, Students listen.
DE > AE
EC > EB
which are the given

DE + EB > AE + EC,
Students listen.
Addition Property of
Inequality (API)

BD = DE + EB AC + AE Students listen.
= EC , def:
betweeness/SAP

Definition of betweeness because

Students listen.
adding the two segments DE+EB
makes a line segment DB.
The same also with line segment
AC,
adding line segments AC+AE
makes a line segment EC.

BD > AC, substitution principle

Students listen.
Because we substitute DE+EB
to BD
and AC+AE to EC.

Then we have BD ≠ AC,

Yes, Ma’am.
Trichotomy Property because
only one relation is true at a time.
Understand, class?

4. Generalization
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
What are the properties of Transitive Property of
inequalities? Inequality Addition Property of
Inequality Multiplication property
off Inequality
Who can explain the Trichotomy For every a and b є R, one and
Property? only one of the following relation
is true at a time.

No. Segments are angles are not

Do angles and segments are
always congruent?
How do you prove with the
given geometric statements?
always congruent. Sometimes,
one segment is shorter than
another or one angle is larger than
another.
In proving geometric
statements, use properties of
inequalities and other properties
and definitions.

5. Application

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Given: m ∠DAC = m ∠ See the table below.
DAB + ∠BAC and
m∠DAB > m ∠ABC.
Prove: m ∠DAC > ∠ABC
 Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. : m ∠DAC = m ∠DAB + ∠BAC 1. Given

2. m ∠DAC > m ∠DAB 2. A whole is greater than any

of its
parts.
3. m ∠DAB > m ∠ABC 3. Given

4. m ∠DAC > m ∠ABC 4. Transitive Property of Inequality.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

So, we have m ∠DAC = m ∠ Students listen.
DAB + ∠BAC which is the given.

m ∠DAC > m ∠DAB, the whole

Students listen.
parts theorem because measure of
∠DAC is greater than the measure
of ∠ABC as you can see in the
figure.

Students listen.
Then we have, m ∠DAB > m ∠ABC
the other given.

And to end the proof, we have m Students listen.

∠DAC > m ∠ABC which is the
Trichotomy Property.

So, we have Students listen.

m ∠DAC = m ∠DAB + ∠BAC
which is the given.

IV. Evaluation
A. What property of inequality is illustrated by each of the following?
_T__ra_n_s_it_iv_e_Pro_p_e_r_ty of_I_n_e_q_u_al_i_ty_ 1. BA > BD and BD > BC
then BA > BC
_M_u_l_ti_p_li_ca_t_io_n__Pro_p_e_r_ty_o_f_I_n_eq_ual_it_y 2. 20 > 10, then 20 × 2 >
10 × 2
Multiplication Property of Inequality 3. m∠S<m∠T→5 m ∠S< m ∠T
_T_r_a_n_si_t_iv_e_Pro_p_e_r_ty_o_f_I_n_eq_ual_it_y_ 4. m ∠L < m ∠O, m ∠L > m
∠U → m ∠U< m ∠O
 B. Prove by completing the table.

Given: BA=3BD, BC=3BE and BE>BD

Prove: BC>BA

1. BE>BD 1. Given

2. 3BE>3BD 2. If unequal quantities are multiplied

by positive equal quantities, then the
products are unequal in the same
order.

3. BA=3BD 3. Given.
BC=3BE

4. BC>BA 4. Substitution Postulate for Inequalities

Statements Reasons

V. Assignment
Prove the following. Put your answers on a 1 sheet of paper to be pass
2
tomorrow.

C
E
Given:
m ∠BDE < m ∠CDA
Prove:
m ∠BDC < m ∠EDA

B D A

Prepared by:
Reynald S. Siojo