The Bernoulli equation is an approximate relation between

BERNOULLI’s pressure, velocity and elevation. It is a fundamental

principle in fluid mechanics that describes the
conservation of energy in a flowing fluid.

ENERGY The equation states that for an incompressible fluid (a fluid

EQUATION
whose density remains constant), the total energy per unit
mass at any point along a streamline is constant.

It is valid in regions of steady, incompressible flow where

net frictional forces are negligible.
COMPONENTS This Bernoulli’s total energy are consists
of three components:

OF Kinetic Energy (KE): The energy

associated with the motion of the fluid.

BERNOULLI’s Potential Energy (PE): The energy

ENERGY
associated with the position of the fluid
element in a gravitational field.

EQUATION Pressure Energy (PE): The energy

associated with the pressure of the fluid.
Problem 1
In the given figure, water flows from A where the diameter is 12in to B where the diameter
24in, at the rate 13.2cfs. The pressure head at A is 22.1ft. Considering no loss of energy from A to
B

a. Find the pressure head at B.

b. Find the pressure at B.
Problem 2
The head loss from section 1 to section 2 in the pipe system shown is 2.1m and the head loss
from section 2 to 3 is 4.9m. If the velocity of flow at 1 is 1.8m/s and the pressure is 180kPa.

a. What is the discharge?

b. Find the velocity at point 3?
c. Find the pressure at point 3?
Problem 3
A 50mm diameter siphon is drawing oil (sg = 0.82) from an oil reservoir as shown. The headloss
from point 1 to point 2 is 1.50m and from point 2 to point 3 is 2.40m.

a. What is the exit velocity?

b. Find the discharge.
c. Find the pressure at point 2