Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

2.) Man-Made – also called “human-

MODULE 1: Introduction to Disaster
induced”.
Readiness and Risk Reduction

 Disaster – serious disruption of the

functioning of a community.
 involves widespread human,
material, economic, or
environmental losses or impacts.
 exceeds the ability of the
community to cope.
 hurt the poor and vulnerable the
most.
 growing problem.
 non-routine events.
 Vulnerability – being exposed to the
possibility of being attacked or
harmed.
 Philippines ranked 9th as the most
affected country from extreme
weather conditions.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
1.) Natural – naturally occurring physical
phenomena.
 natural disasters are rarely
completely natural.
A. Geological – caused by internal earth
processes. (earthquakes, volcanic
activity, landslides, rockslides, surface
collapses, mudflows)
B. Hydrometeorological – phenomena of
atmospheric, hydrological,
oceanographic nature. (tropical
cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes,
floods, drought, heatwaves, cold
spells)
C. Biological – caused by the processes of
organic origin conveyed by biological
agents. (pandemic and epidemics)
D. Fire – may be either natural or man-
made.
UNDERLYING DISASTER RISK FACTORS
1.) Physical – tangible objects or
infrastructure.
 Are fire exits available?
2.) Psychological - includes the state of
mental capacity, mental health,
perception of self.
 How old are the people involved?
Babies?
 The more stress within the disaster,
the more likely that there are
emotional consequences.
3.) Socio-cultural – religion, social status,
traditions, perception by society.
 Is there inequality in society?
Racism? Discrimination?
4.) Economic – assets, liabilities, income,
economic class.
or  Are those involved poor, middle
class, or wealthy?
5.) Political - government structure, laws,
policies, diplomatic issues.
 Is the country at war?
6.) Biological - includes flora and fauna in
the environment, health, diseases.
  Is there an epidemic or
pandemic?
EFFECTS OF DISASTER TO HUMAN LIFE
 Displaced populations
 Health Risks
 Food Scarcity
 Emotional Aftershocks
1.) Primary Effect – direct result from the
hazard itself. (earthquake)
2.) Secondary Effect – caused by the
primary effect. (earthquake triggers a
landslide)
3.) Tertiary Effect – long term effects that
are set off by the primary effect.
(psychological trauma due to
earthquake)
MODULE 2: Exposure and Vulnerability
 Exposure - the situation of the people,
property, systems, and other elements
present in hazard zones are therefore
subject to potential loss.
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AT RISK
 exposed elements may be tangible
or intangible.
 exposure changes over time.
a
HOW DO WE REDUCE EXPOSURE?
 ecosystem management (natural
resources)
 land-use planning (assessing hazards)
 insurance (financial recovery)
 an effective disaster preparedness
plan
 financial investment in disaster risk
management
 global supply chain management
 investing in post-disaster recovery
planning
 Vulnerability - the characteristics and
circumstances of a community, system,
or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard.
 Poverty is a major contributor to
vulnerability.
ASSETS OF VULNERABILITY
1.) Physical - includes population
density levels, the remoteness of a
settlement, the site, design, and
materials used for critical
infrastructure and for housing.
2.) Social - the inability of people,
organizations, and societies to
withstand adverse impacts to
hazards.
3.) Economic - The poor are more 8.) Deforestation due to illegal logging
vulnerable to disasters because causes landslides and mudflows.
they lack resources to build sturdy (ANSWER)
structures.

4.) Environmental - involves

depletion and degradation of
MODULE 3: Hazards
natural resources.

UNDER WHAT ASPECT OF  Hazards - is a situation that poses

VULNERABILITY DO EACH SCENARIO a level of threat to life, health,
BELONG? property, or the environment.
- dormant or potential.
1.) The support and relief operations
- once it becomes active, it can
must be more efficient if the
create an emergency.
community has a high population
density. (ANSWER)
2.) Wealthy families have the capacity HAZARD VS. RISK
to purchase emergency kits. HAZARD RISK
(ANSWER) is something that has is the likelihood of a
3.) Highly centralized government potential to harm you. hazard causing
structures can result in careful harm.
planning and training. But may
also result in bureaucracy and lack
of autonomous decision slowing TWO TYPES OF DISASTER BASED ON
down emergency response. ORIGIN
(ANSWER)
1.) Natural Hazards – naturally
4.) The country received timely
occurring.
outside help in the form of
- their location, intensity, and
humanitarian aid, reducing further
risk by those affected by the frequency may be influenced
disaster. (ANSWER) by human activity.
5.) The lack of advanced monitoring
equipment and technology during 2.) Anthropogenic – caused by human
Super Typhoon Yolanda hindered behavior, action, or inaction.
the prediction for the magnitude of
the storm surge. (ANSWER)
THREE MODES OF HAZARDS
6.) The local government does not
enforce the building codes and 1.) Dormant - poses a risk which may
neglect regulation of building or may not cause harm or disaster.
permits and licenses for land
development. (ANSWER)
2.) Armed – poses a risk which will
7.) Emergency communication
cause harm or disaster.
networks were considered during
- The Moving of the Marikina
disaster planning. (ANSWER)
Fault Line is an armed hazard
 because if it moves, every
property and people along the
fault line will be affected.

3.) Active – an ongoing risk or disaster.

- A volcano erupts and people as
well as properties are well
within the danger zone, where
no intervention is possible.