Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

Cell Theory Schleiden and Schwann

“Omnis cellula-e-cellula” Rudolf Virchow

Coined the term ‘cell’ Robert Hooke

 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

First person to see

Anton Van
live cells under
Leeuwenhoek
microscope

Smallest cell Mycoplasma (0.3µm)

Infolding of plasma
membrane in prokaryotes-
vesicles, tubules or
Mesosome lamellae
Help in DNA replication
and cell wall formation
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

In prokaryotic cells

Cell envelope Made up of glycocalyx (slime

or capsule), cell wall and
plasma membrane

Extra chromosomal,
Plasmid circular DNA in
prokaryotic cells

Help bacteria in
Pili and Fimbriae
attachment
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

70S (50S and 30S)

Prokaryotic Polysome- several

ribosomes ribosomes attached to
mRNA for protein
synthesis

G +ve bacteria- Thick

peptidoglycan and teichoic
acid
Bacterial Cell wall
G -ve bacteria- Thin
peptidoglycan and
lipopolysaccharides

Polymer of Cross linked

monomers- N-
Peptidoglycan acetylglucosamine (NAG)
and N-acetylmuramic acid
(NAM) attached to peptide
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

Fluid mosaic model Singer and Nicolson

Rough ER- Protein

synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER- Lipid
synthesis

Synthesis of
Golgi Complex glycoproteins and
glycolipids
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

A single membrane
Tonoplast surrounding
vacuoles

Double membrane bound

and contain extra
Plastids chromosomal DNA, 70S
ribosomes

Double membrane bound

and contain extra
chromosomal circular
Mitochondria DNA, 70S ribosomes.
Site for aerobic
respiration.
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

Amyloplast- store
carbohydrate
Elaioplast- store oil and
Leucoplasts fat
Aleuroplast- store
proteins

Observed
ribosomes for the George Palade
first time

Eukaryotic ribosome 80S (60S and 40S)

 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

First described
Robert Brown
nucleus

Site for ribosomal

Nucleolus
RNA synthesis

Chromatin is visible
Interphase nucleus
at
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Cell The Unit of Life

Contain hydrolytic
Lysosomes
enzymes

Present in plants and

some fungi

Degradation of fats in
Glyoxysomes seeds

Glyoxalate cycle

Oxidation of long chain

fatty acids

Biosynthesis of
Peroxisomes plasmalogens

Contains oxidative
enzymes; uric acid
oxidase, catalase, etc.