Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

55% of blood

Contains- water (90-92%),

Proteins (fibrinogen,
Plasma albumins, globulins),
minerals, glucose, lipids,
amino acids, blood clotting
factor

Plasma without the

Serum clotting factors

45% of blood

Formed elements Includes- Erythrocytes

(RBC), Leucocytes
(WBC) and Platelets
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Biconcave and without a

nucleus, 5-5.5 million per
cubic metre of blood

RBC Hb- 12-16 g/dl of blood

Average lifespan 120 days

Graveyard of RBC- spleen

Have nucleus, 6000-8000

per cubic metre of blood
WBC
Granulocytes and
agranulocytes

Neutrophils (60-65%)-
phagocytic

Eosinophils (2-3%)- allergic

reactions
Granulocytes
Basophils (0.5-1%)- secrete
histamine, serotonin,
heparin, involved in
inflammatory reactions
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Monocytes (6-8%)-
phagocytic
Agranulocytes Lymphocytes (20-25%)- B
and T, involved in the
immune response

Platelets, 1,500,00-3,500,00
per cubic metre of blood
Thrombocytes
Involved in blood clotting

Tissue fluid and contains

lymphocytes

Fat is absorbed through

Lymph lacteals

Transports, nutrients,
hormones and involved in
immune response.
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Blood flows through open

Open circulatory spaces called sinuses
system
E.g. Arthropods, Molluscs

Blood flows through a

Closed circulatory closed network of blood
vessels
system
E.g. Annelids, Vertebrates

Single circulation
Circulation in fishes
Two chambered heart,
1-atrium, 1-ventricle
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

In amphibians and
reptiles, except
crocodiles
Incomplete double
circulation Three chambered
heart, 2-atria, 1-
ventricle

In crocodiles, aves and

mammals
Double circulation
Four chambered heart,
2-atria, 2-ventricles

Origin- mesodermal

Four chambered and

enclosed in the pericardium
Human heart Left atrium and ventricle-
oxygenated blood

Right atrium and ventricle-

deoxygenated blood
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Between right atrium

and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Produces ‘lub’ sound at
the time of closure

Mitral valve

Present between left

Bicuspid valve atrium and left ventricle

Produces ‘lub’ sound at

the time of closure
Present between- right
ventricle and pulmonary
artery, left ventricle and
Semilunar valve aorta

Produces ‘dub’ sound

at the time of closure
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Sino-atrial node

Present in the right atrium at

the upper right corner
SA node
Pacemaker of heart,
generates action potential or
impulses (70-75/min)

Atrio-ventricular node
AV node Present in the right atrium at
the lower left corner

The volume of blood

pumped by each
Cardiac output ventricle- 5 l/min (70 ml in
each cardiac cycle)
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Excitation or depolarisation
of atria
P-wave in ECG
Leads to the initiation of
contraction of atria

Excitation or depolarisation
of ventricles

QRS complex in Leads to the initiation of

contraction of ventricles
ECG
Number of QRS complex
help in determining the
heartbeats per minute

Repolarisation of
T-wave in ECG ventricles and end of
systole
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Outer layer of arteries and

veins, made up of fibrous
Tunica externa connective tissues and
collagen fibres

Middle layer of arteries and

veins, made up of smooth
Tunica media muscles and elastic fibres

Thin in veins

Inner lining of arteries

Tunica intima and veins, made up of
squamous endothelium
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Deoxygenated blood from

right ventricle goes to lungs
Pulmonary by pulmonary artery and
circulation then oxygenated blood from
lungs comes to left atrium by
pulmonary vein

Oxygenated blood from left

ventricle goes to aorta and
to tissues by arteries and
Systemic circulation then deoxygenated blood
from tissues are brought
back to right atrium by veins
and vena cava

Hepatic portal vein

carries blood from
Hepatic portal digestive tract to liver
system before going to systemic
circulation
 Flashcards for NEET Biology: Body Fluids and Circulation

Autoregulation of normal
heart activities, i.e. rhythmic
Myogenic heart contractions originate
intrinsically

Under autonomic nervous

system (ANS) control

Cardiac centres in medulla

oblongata moderate heart
activity
Neural regulation of
cardiac activity Sympathetic nerves-
increase heartbeat and
cardiac output

Parasympathetic nerves-
decrease heartbeat and
cardiac output

Adrenal medullary
Hormonal regulation hormones epinephrine and
of cardiac activity norepinephrine increase the
heartbeat