CLASSTFTCAT TON OF PÀNTS

AND ANTMALS
Cla ssifice ion,

hanonemy
arraHsemen Laws
why clas6i Aaation is needec.

* classiAaaion
sk naing
Arrayng meut
Based
Similariies
Bio sy stematics
issimúleritie
Humons are' hi larr
oOo) /. makes diferene.
classification;:
1: Ace lar i
S: virus
celulay

Uni
mubti cellular

prokaro s Fukaryo les

Body plan:
)prosto mes pollowccl by
AnuS.

dlok rosoms
 Bilateral
A
Asymimrical
eg: pori ferer At
Radiad
At one partuwer any
plane

c5: hoosely

* Biradial
Symme trical
Starish
Youn5 ones ractic

Bilaterl
Adulh
Qacial
(A0 Sesmen h::
Metamericatlhy sagmcn
C5:earhUorm
td lesually segu
non- meta meri cally Cunequa))
5: laeni
soium ( Ta peuo orm)
non
Gegmentecd body
Ascaris umbricoides
(Y9 The norpholo gical
lteac
nlech
Thora
Abdomen

tail
 Disesive syskm;
Mouth An us
Any part it absent as incom plete
present Comolett

Apoplasic
Benign
at Same
tumo,
plae lstabonary
nature
kingdom.Animalic
They direchy or
planh for food indirecy depan don
They digjest their food 1n an intrnal
Cavity E sh Store
ste ina
qlycogn or fat food
Yeserve
Their
mode o wutriGion
holo zoic
efongi ¬
ycoplamg Secree
obside.body enzye to dis
Tieyhave defiuik jrowt
grow into .adul .that poten and
Sha pe SiEe. hiave a deiile
Higher forms show
wechaiis
Brai
frst.sforwd
them are apable of
i cartbwor
The seua
4 fen e ou i byl6coohou
reproduct
Jaelo olteed
by ene b copulaHan L
byyologi ca/
gicu
mating
iu calleddevelep1 dËtect
iilar Pereu+
oleveloput
t's therelenoo Stages during develop
Indirect dveloPhae
 Leveu of organism
level o orgporiera coelerter
I clllar.
2 Tisse level of
og hydra, Cridari
3" Orçan level f org. clenophora
-playhelmi
ut
to cho rdales
yo Or gan syslem .higer aninals
notocherdbone Lilke sruchore
2 Body Plan. chordk
oBody consisk a cuskr or
tells .

BLind sec pl<n; chanocylabili

es ty to do </ fumi
The boy
serve for bathin ges tion i openiny
eseshon
(ui) Tobe.
Gnidaria hydre
within'a obe plan::
The body hes 2 tulh
boduy wall Gnd other
(trae which hcs te Ci_estrc
and ota opening
for csei ion
-S. Flatworm
 Pro stomes deukrostorte
hact fiS} in the Cmbny
fory laker
Deu ler os -se cond
Aolos- frst
soma moo

Flattooms, roUndwornay Echfnoder ims iHmichro

Gnnelicla, mollusa -da tesi chordas.
ar thropoca
- dekrminste deavaGa înde erminsk devcGe
6
Schizoelo m Enerrocelom

symme try:
(ORadial :"4cre body Can be dçvidecl inte
ymmev 2eael halve by ay ver Hcal
plane along. ,central ais Coral - aboral aid
ot the bocy
"f5:.Pori eraisCnidarians, Cenophores if Echinode
Cacdit).
8i laleral Symmebrg:
o re
bo dy can be dirided jnto
Cqua
halE:
ves only l. plane.
Platy hel mintHhes to Ghorda ta
adult echinoder mak ) Cence pt
 osal Venals
direccr

dzrse sida
ental si de
et s rig letral sides
Anerisr (4eghaie) side
-Peseicr lanatcer ta) sid
Blasts :

&-6 ce l
morula) wlberny
microwue e
elocarn
-sBlasto co el
endodarn

lCaviby

Gastrocoel
Gostvule
 Soe organsm
are talled tri plobl as He 1ayer
Soee have oly
are
2. germ loayer
kown iploblyie
Eg: poifea, Cnidari,

mi nal la yers,
arc
layern
em lbr yo from
which all the body orsans áre formed
-Buncd sn ne . of Germ layert janimg b
are types
* Dinlo blosHc
* THloblastic
) Diplobastie ani mab:
germ layers - ouer eutoderm and
inner

* Tn
endoderm
blw these
lcyers an
Gndiferéutiated .jely
layer caleel.
mesohlea
iddie matriKpreewt
hueroglea
Cace llutar)

lriploblasttc
Ctenopora
Animaa:
Jern Layer - 6ukr ecto dai m, widdle
meso der m ihner ehdodrm
3 fium platy helnin Hes to choralata.
 l Colom ( bocly cavity)
Cavity ihed by mesoder m
m
)e T s seen bekoceh body wal a.
wall
3. Coelom seperaks the muscle of gut e
body uall

A(oelon ak
Pseudo Ccdo ma te
(: CoeloMa te

LikiugCavi
of ybody
per toeef

a: aco elonatk spae bluw

wll

mari (parenya
Ponfere - platy helnd
b Pseudotoelumuale otere boduy cavity
not Ulhed be
meso olera
heso dar m A Sca tteroal

Povched
mesaderm
Here Coelo arise)
Coelomale
Coelou Umd hy
peritoueal
Alecl
layer
oit Coelme
 Amelida to chordata

o HUma ns have and al higher deutoro Stone

enhibih ng phylum have enero Loela

/chizo (oeleniaesder spwts t, forwas

"Tt deve lo p o4
nae sodor n
sheaty
Anneis, Arhvo pocls noluses
En terocoeloe:
ceelem
Me sodar m arises
fram tthe. all o
the embr yoie got or ener On as ho llow
oot qro wtte
stoncch Small lare
chinodayn 4 ch.or daes
eochroaeh

mesodar Sangiog
letopore Ltp Lblatola)\
Ventrelaideq
througha this
layer.
aanderin cels will
fun chons of
Coelem !
a ccomo da es the viseral. org ts
Acb sho ck absovber
Coelei
isarcal
fuic
flenicl redues fricHon blw
 5 Metamerism ,;
II iu the phenomenomcn n whi(G Hhe o,
or gans in exlenally anc inernally dihiol
into repeaed sesment Cmela meres
Egi Amelida g ar thiöpods
(i) Psevdometameris:
The
op prom the neck an d bapewom are buddo
origih
toundl. in
hoyo ilernalbody not jn nkr na
"Organisms have
Sometnes duingPqual cesmen tet en becca,
during1f adut stage Ha last
seg ment breale bu. rleouse
6 Apendages: spo rer.
letrad endh
fond
fan iojeins pars
animal thot Prona the body
Serve
feecling E. other coays folas
Tentacde chidari. ans-
1Tentales locomole prey
Set ae
dujeme nemetocyks
Paepodia
etva
| annelids
Setae laeral
Parapo dy endsera svnport P
-muswbrr fod;
 Antanae,legs Gnd wi ngs of A
Ar thro pods
.
insc)
o foot f mollus ta Aecle
Ls mwselar
Thormx
and wng of ver t brak (Tai
fins, less and
6

imbs tore
tind
'under
ppende ses
(ephalizafion;
o DiPerentiation of a defntk head
at the anterior ehdo.

fo Noto chord -

& s meseder maly deried .'support rod

formed on the doral.. cide side during
Cmbryoni develo pment Some animal

Animas withnotochord are callec

Chordates ancl those withou notochord
are Called
non-chordates.
Noto chovd

Necle -thorax.
Cephalochorchaje Heii chordatá Urocharela e

úidalLa pretn
head part o body tail hea

Lower Organi snes have ner v e

chorel 'eL
cevelaped Into
Spi nal .chord elero Codoic
9- Sexval Characers
() lerm a phrodile 7
Monoecieos
NeNo sex
Prevnt in Same
diffeenebote cenes
orpnism nd
jer ilization
Eg: platy helmine undergo eiç
Heleromorphism Seval dimorphicm dioe,

Morphologically, or ganiss oill shau

difeence as male &emale ond
Cross er i li
zation .
ndergo
Eg: Fro
humab etc
Fertilizati on;/ Syngay
ISogameko proto.morpholegy
~o
an, poneran sin mulo
phy siolo y -0
* Cre eSuel
Ani sogamet
Oogamekn
esplaamodi
Sanme um frpha
most
mo le
fCnaly bot
y male verte
are non- honuee
motle, eue
ferio zaion: the
Male
gameks gameks
are
non-nno ti la.
female
6

the
fusion
outide the body
eternal is
feriigahow
said to be
 Hen
be inkrnal er ilita Hou
s saicl to
Es: Reptiles, Birds! mammalu
hilizatio Cj: playhelninhes
elf- fe
rhlizaLHon-
(ros ferh 0iseual
Ly witk 2 dif. orfanisu,

l. Development,

- Dnech develpmev. t.
*The yjoons one resembes the adult
fn al aspecs, there s no inermediele staçe.
E4: Hydra, farthworm, 6iverAs

"Indirect derelopment
The young One do no
rxmble the adultT passes through
Ineymediae staçus before obtain. the adult
Characers lenoon as metamorphosis.
Eg: sile moth.

Es bypes - Quanti ty o Yollk.

Aler Miro lecithal
* Yery sr
Small, Qmount ol Yo|le.
7 Ss o sea urchin, amphjonus
hu man No to ver.
Alecithal
Mesoleci thal ia
Scanty
Mderate . Qmount ok yolk
: Fsh, frog 4. toa cs
 lecithal:
Mega
- larçe Amouht of yolh.
oEggs of insect, sharks, bony fishes ephil
bir cs mamnmay

13 eg: playpus ,echid,

Ceavage
" leayase- (ell di visjon
Dekrmi nale mosajc cleavayer
" Compleke embryo uformad ony f
al the blastomeres êmajn tgethor
Es: Annei cs
ib Trdetrminae I Non-masajt deava _e:
.On ceperahon Ip thi early Stage
blasto merel may si e rie to Co mple fe em br
eG: chordates.
Orçan Syskrm Tclasificahon].
Digeti ve bysem;Complele lphyam ann

2- incomplek to verebr
Excretory
irculat oryagsemrom snail
LSAschelinda
3 ayse Cmollusea ).
Repiralorg 3 typa o
mtroge
Ner vous
huammala urea
6
Re producive birdy < UriC acid-Ureolelj
- Urico teuc
Ammanoklk
Endorine
animo
fo Skeleal Anamoi
penguin - Amiho acd-A inaelie
Guano -Guans
brecdigecrpitd
era sea
 watle
tor9. secre wte Sold
ecrehon egesion
6 blw Dif
ureolelic frog:-[ Adult *
Py
throon
y Tamnoiolklic].
eewill wwaste larvae lodpole,
excretory ypes
l
ieHe ecreiou
ain dual
: amict. torntains urea
Ig? mile keyr Pon
IyA nuilk Motlrs
ALos. jdeniledl ner kg
mon Loke
plipen pcamodium ever- wakr Blach
Ersolaliplero
d, vit (-)
plervitGmih 1q20
B ad folic
Pyriadonine
Be Ranthothenic
aid
B
Niacin
-8, Thianin
ansenmt. microcysHc ks )amin
ill:. al doWhy
 Craulalory'
* Starb |from phylm annelida
blood
blood Vesels
Heart, vertebra ta
Lymph. 5 classes

2-chamEgdSpiAraphibia
3-chanmboed ces,
2)

cham bered

Com plele
ope es: Insecb
closec Avistotie
Annelida,Verte bra ke .

nacmic
* Ciradahon ab
RBC Euaneami
PICevee
RB
Veres iY cula tiou Double Por kl
(irculahou
pulmon
Syskmjc.
 NervoUs 8yskhmi
broupof aneh
Nerve
s jroup ol yton.
sanglia
*x Hydra INeryye ring Inet likeJ.
Nene ring bjanglia Annelida
Cerain).
Apratacki ve (cephalizafion)
Aevious noles

7 Entocrine t- s Endostyle
Ctadpoe]
Spl feature for mamma!
i: Skelebal i Endoskelabn CBones, carhl age)
Exo skeleton, chiHn ous laye)
Ckin (inlksu mantory
Epider mal hais fo llice)

35 iLlou Grjanj ma terial.

Wel (or clossifh'ce hout, evoluh ou
s clansifica Ho
Cuses hayackvc chibi lecl
ideni fcaiou