LASER CLEANING OF 3D STONEWORK SURFACES ASSISTED BY LASER-TRIANGULATION

PROFILOMETRY
Ramil1, A. J. Lopez1, J. Lamas1, S. Pozo-Antonio2, T. Rivas2
1 Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas. Campus de Esteiro. Universidad de A Coruña, 15403 Ferrol (Spain)
2 Dpto. Ingeniería de los Recursos Naturales y Medioambiente. E.T.S. Ingeniería de Minas, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo (Spain)

INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES
Nd:YV04 355 nm
• In the cleaning of 3D surfaces the position of Focal length = 150 mm
• Implementation of a 3D laser cleaning system based on the
the focus changes along the cleaning. use of three linear translators (XYZ).
• Current laser cleaning machines are • Full incorporation of the movement in Z-direction in the
designed for manual use. design of the laser trajectories.
• Consequently, the process is hardly • Laser triangulation profilometer coupled to the XYZ
controllable or reproducible. system.
• The need of overcoming the limitations of 3D d
• Generation of a 3D model of the surface.
surfaces and access the third dimension is • Design laser trajectories directly on the 3D model
highlighted in laser cleaning
z
• Evaluation of the paint removal from a granite 3D stonework

MATERIAL AND METHODS

3D LASER PROCESSING SET-UP IMPLEMENTATION
• Positioning system: displacement of Laser profilometer Translation Stages
the workpiece in X-Y-Z directions. CCD sensor Pulnix CM-030 Newport MM4006 controller
• Motion controller: movement of the XYZ GE • resolution xyz 0.1 mm
stages at a fixed speed in a • 656 (h) x 494 (v) pixels • repeatability 0.4 mm
programmed trajectory and • 90.5 frames/second • max. speed 100 mm/s
synchronization laser processing output Objective
- XYZ movement. • Nikkor 35-105 1:3.5-4.5 Laser
• Laser triangulation profilometer: Laser line Lasiris SNF635 Nd:YVO4 Coherent AVIA
attached to the positioning system. • Wavelength: 635 nm • λ=355 nm, τ<25 ns,
• Camera: the position of the spot (line) • Power: 10 mW • f =0-100 kHz
on the object surface s recorded by the • Fan angle: 30° • <P>= 2 W (20 kHz),
camera. • Line thickness: 0.1 mm • Ep = 0.1 mJ

DATA ACQUISITION AND 3D PROCESSING

OBTAINING THE PROFILES CALIBRATION AND REGISTRATION 3D MODEL OF THE SURFACE LASER TRAJECTORIES DESIGN

• Topographical data of the workpiece surface • Calibration transforms the profile obtained in From the point cloud, generate Laser trajectories to process the workpiece can
is obtained by means of the laser profilometry pixels into units of length. a 3D model of the surface in the be programmed directly on it taking into account
system. • Registration allows us to obtain the 3D model form of a mesh. the restrictions in the design of trajectories
• Images were processed to obtain coordinates of the surface in the coordinate system XYZ of imposed by the motion controller
in pixeles of each point (PH, PV) the laser processing machine.

RESULTS: 3D LASER CLEANING SYSTEM ON/OFF

LASER SPOT SIZE 3D GRANITE MOULDING PAINTED IN BLUE LASER CLEANING RSULTS: PAINT REMOVAL EFECT(SYETEM ON/OFF)
The spot size (line width) of the A 3D granite moulding, similar to those found in historic OFF ON
processing laser as a function of Z buildings or facades was painted with blue spray paint.
coordinate; Z0 corresponds to the
beam waist.
Fine grained
granite (Vilachán
granite) was
used.
Petrographic microscope
images depict the best cleaning
results with the 3D system ON:..
• Blue paint is visble on the
0.15

w0 = 0.078 ± 0.003 mm

z0 = -0.0 ± 0.2 mm
granite surface. .
zR = 6.3 ± 0.4 mm

SEM images confirm the

line width / mm

ON
0.1
OFF

improvement in paint removal .

• Remains of graffiti paint as
0.05 dark shades in the image
OFF..
-10 -5 0 5 10
z /mm

CONCLUSIONS
• A novel method is presented that allows the uniform and controlled laser cleaning of 3D surfaces. The damages caused by laser in granite
• It is based on a positioning system with three motorized linear axes XYX and a laser profilometer. forming minerals are similar in the cases ON
• A 3D model of the surface is obtained and laser trajectories are designed directely on this model
and OFF and concern mainly k-feldspar and
integrating Z-movement. .
• Paint removal tests in a granite 3D surface were performed with the 3D system ON and OFF. biotite.
• Petrographic microscopy and SEM asses the improvement in paint removal with the 3D system ON

Contact person: ana.xesus.lopez@udc.es This work was supported by proyect BIA2017-85897-R (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología,. Spanish Government)