7E’s Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 8

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
 Explain how mutation in DNA affects an individual.
 Participate in the class activities and class discussion
 Take and pass the mastery level of 75%
A. Topic: DNA Mutation and its Effect in an Individual
B. Reference: Google. “encyclopedia.com” Accessed April 3, 2021
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-andgenetics/
genetics-and-genetic-engineering/chromosome-mutation
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, and other learning material.
D. Values Integration: Interest, Cooperation, Critical-thinking, Open-mindedness and
Respect.

II. Procedure
Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. Preliminary Activities
“Good morning class!” “Good morning, Sir!”

“Before we formally start our lesson for (A student will lead the prayer)
today. Let’s have a short prayer. Let’s
put ourselves in the presence of our
Lord.”

“Class at this point Before we start let “The class monitor will check the attendance.”
us check your attendance First. Who is
absent for today?
B. Statement of the Aim

• “Class our lesson for today is all about

the DNA Mutation and its Effect in an
Individual. On this lesson class, you
must be able to: First, explain how
mutation in DNA affects an individual.
Second, participate in the class
activities and class discussion, and
lastly take and pass the mastery level
of 75%.”

“Is it clear to you class?” “Yes, Sir”

C.
C.I. Elicit
“Since you already know the aims for “Yes, Sir.”
this lesson, let me present to you the
overview of our lesson. Are you ready
to listen and participate class?”
“What do you think about the picture?”
“Me, Sir”
“Any idea?”
“It’s mutated rat, Sir.”
“Excellent”

“Now class we proceed to the new

topics it’s all about the DNA Mutation
and its Effect in an Individual.”

“Who among of you have seen a

person who have skin cancer?" “Some of the student raises their
hands.”
“Very good.”

“Any clarification?”
“Yes, sir”
“Then what is it?”
“Sir what is the meaning of skin
“Skin Cancer forms in melanocytes cancer”
(skin cells that make pigment) is called
melanoma. Skin cancer that forms in
the lower part of the epidermis (the
outer layer of the skin) is called basal
cell carcinoma.

“Thank you, sir

This is the example of skin cancer

“Now, let us proceed to our new topic, Objectives

but before that everybody please read
our objectives that we must attain
today:
At the end of the lesson, the students must be
able to:
 Explain how mutation in DNA
affects an individual.
 Participate in the class
 activities and class discussion
 Take and pass the mastery level
of 75%
“Are you now ready to listen and
cooperate in our discussion my dear “Yes, Sir.”
student?

C. II. Engage

“Since you already knew what is the

DNA Mutation and its Effect in an
Individual. At this point we have
individual activity.”

Activity: Ratty-Rat Analysis

Directions: Study the picture below

and answer the questions that follow. “Yes, Sir”

Questions:
1. In what way the rat above differs from other
rats? ______________________________
2. What do you think is the reason of its being
“different” to other rats?
______________________________
3. In what way the change can be harmful to
the mentioned organism?
______________________________
“Any clarification?”
“Ok then you will write your answer in
your notebook, understand
“I will give you 5 minutes after that
you will share it to the class.”
Activity I
1. The rat in the picture is different from other
rats because it is hairless.
2. The reason of its being different is
mutation.
3. The change is somehow harmful because
there is an absence of fur that keep the rat´s
body temperature regulated.
“None, Sir”
“Ok, Sir”
“Ok, Sir”

C. III. Explore
“At this point class, let’s have an
activity.
 Activity 2:

Directions: Identify if the following mutations

is beneficial, harmful or neutral. Write B for
beneficial, H for harmful and N for neutral.
Answer:
_________1. An albino tree frog can be easily
seen among the green trees. 1. H
_________2. Poison dart frogs are normally 2. B
bright blue, red or yellow in color. 3. N
_________3. Black bears can carry the 4. H
5. H
mutated gene that produces the white bears.
_________4. A bean reducing its ability to
produce food.
_________5. A human example is cystic
fibrosis

C. IV. Explain

“Do you have any idea when we talk

about the DNA Mutation and its Effect “None, Sir”
in an Individual?”

“Very good”

“Today I will explain what is the DNA

Mutation and its Effect in an “Students are listening”
Individual. Just listen carefully”

“Mutations are often the victims of

bad press — unfairly stereotyped as
unimportant or as a cause of genetic
disease. While many mutations do
indeed have small or negative effects,
another sort of mutation gets less
airtime. Mutations to control genes can
have major (and sometimes positive)
effects.”

“A single mutation can have a large

effect, but in many cases, evolutionary
change is based on the accumulation of
many mutations with small effects.
Mutational effects can be beneficial,
harmful, or neutral, depending on their
context or location. Most non-neutral
mutations are deleterious. In general,
the more bases pairs that are affected
by a mutation, the larger the effect of
the mutation, and the larger the
mutation's probability of being
deleterious.”

“The Effects of Mutation.”

“Effects of Mutation The majority of

 mutations have neither negative nor
positive effects on the organism in
which they occur. These mutations are
called neutral mutations. Examples
include silent point mutations. They
are neutral because they do not change
the amino acids in the proteins they
encode. Many other mutations have no
effect on the organism because they
are repaired before protein synthesis
occurs. Cells have multiple repair
mechanisms to fix mutations in DNA.”

“Some mutations have a positive effect

on the organism in which they occur.
They are called beneficial mutations.
They lead to new versions of proteins
that help organisms adapt to changes in
their environment. Beneficial
mutations are essential for evolution to
occur. They increase an organism’s
changes of surviving or reproducing,
so they are likely to become more
common over time. There are several
well-known examples of beneficial
mutations. Here are just two:

1. Mutations in many bacteria that allow

them to survive in the presence of
antibiotic drugs. The mutations lead to
antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
2. A unique mutation is found in people
in a small town in Italy. The mutation
protects them from developing
atherosclerosis, which is the dangerous
buildup of fatty materials in blood
vessels. The individual in which the
mutation first appeared has even been
identified.

“Imagine making a random change in a

complicated machine such as a car
engine. The chance that the random
change would improve the functioning
of the car is very small. The change is
far more likely to result in a car that
does not run well or perhaps does not
run at all. By the same token, any
random change in a gene's DNA is
likely to result in a protein that does
not function normally or may not
function at all. Such mutations are
likely to be harmful. Harmful
mutations may cause genetic disorders
or cancer.”

• A genetic disorder is a disease caused

 by a mutation in one or a few genes. A
human example is cystic fibrosis. A
mutation in a single gene causes the
body to produce thick, sticky mucus
that clogs the lungs and blocks ducts in
digestive organs.
• Cancer is a disease in which cells
grow out of control and form abnormal
masses of cells. It is generally caused
by mutations in genes that regulate the
cell cycle. Because of the mutations,
cells with damaged DNA are allowed
to divide without limits. Cancer genes
can be inherited.

“I will show you a video clip”

“The students are watching the video”
“Any clarification?”

“If none we will proceed.” “No, Sir”

C. V. Elaborate

“At this point class, let’s proceed what

is the difference between mutation and “Yes, Sir.”
cancer?”

“What have you notice or difference

between mutation and cancer?” “Cancers are caused by damage to the
DNA in your cells. These changes are
called “gene mutations.” Gene
mutations can build up in cells in your
body over time. Cells with too many
mutations may stop working normally,
grow out of control and become
“Very Good.” cancerous.”

“Any clarification?”
“None, sir”
“And if none we will proceed to our
new activity.”

C. VI. Extend
Before we proceed with to your quiz
class let’s have another individual
activity

Activity: Puzzle Game

1. Increased susceptibility to diseases

Answer:
2. Change in eye color
1. D
3. Impaired immune system 2. C
4. Altered protein structure 3. E
5. Developmental abnormalities 4. A
5. B
a. Insertion
b. Deletion
c. Substitution
d. Duplication
e. frameshift

“Any clarification”

“None, Sir”
C. VII. Evaluate
“Since you done really well on our
activity. I assume that you’re already
familiar on the meaning DNA
Mutation and its Effect in an
Individual?”

“Get ¼ cross-wise I will give you a

short quiz if you already know the
DNA Mutation and its Effect in an
Individualor all of you are listening to
our discussion?”

Essay:

1. What have you learned today?

2. After learning the types of
chromosomal mutation helps me “Students answer may vary”
to____________________

“Assignment Class”

“Study your module in Genetic Diseases

and answer your activities.”
“Yes, Sir”
“Okay class did you all understand.”

“Okay class that’s all for today. Thank you

for cooperating. To my critique Thank you “Yes, Sir”
for sharing your time. May God bless us
“Thank you and Goodbye, Sir”
all and keep safe everyone. Goodbye!!!”

Prepared by:

DENNARD P. LOMUGDANG
STUDENT TEACHER

GISELA E. PADPAD
COOPERATING TEACHER