Effects of Using Plyometric Exercises as Additional Preliminary Activities

in Increasing Student Engagement for FITT 1 and 3 Courses

Ambas, Patrick Vincent Lloyd

Dalmacio, Maureen Mae

Maceriano, Joyce M.

Mendoza, Ianna Jimna F.

Siladan, Mark Anthony D.

An undergraduate thesis proposal submitted to the faculty of the Department of

College of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation. (CSPEAR) in Cavite
State University – Main Campus as partial requirement of the standards for the
degree of Bachelor of Physical Education with Contribution No. ______.
Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Kimphee M. De Leon
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Teachers, instructors, professors and other academic personnel are using

jumping jacks as motivation in the middle of discussion. Reeves (2015) states

that “taking a break … These strategies, including short stretching to jumping

jacks in the classroom, can assist the attention-challenged youngster stay

focused. Before a challenging task, active play for 15 minutes must be conducted

so that the child will stay engaged.” If that is the case, the duration of class hours

must be extended just for the sake of students’ engagement. That’s why we are

going to conduct research not just to lessen the duration of the class hours but to

make the students more engaged in class by studying plyometrics. Since

jumping jacks are part of plyometric exercises, jumping jacks are an effective way

to stimulate all the vital muscles of your body. (Weishaupt, 2022)

In 2015 by Francisco, Gonzales and Vargas, there was published

research about student engagement but the main focus is about dropout

prevention in Manila high school students from various private and public

schools. According to the abstract of their study, they are looking at the predicted

links between relationship motivation and student involvement. It signifies that

student participation has been receiving focus since that time.

In the year 2019, Armando P. Delfino published the same research. From

teachers, school and family factors are positively related to student engagement

from the result of correlational analysis. Furthermore, it was shown that students’
attitude, feelings and intelligent involvement were strongly connected with their

academic success.

One of the factors that is not included in the previous published works is

the course or subject itself on how the students will be more engaged in

classroom setup by knowing what will be the effects of using plyometric exercises

as preliminary activities. Because, when the class is getting bored the teacher

mostly calls the attention of everyone to stand and do jumping jacks as energizer

and then proceed to continue the discussion. To avoid distraction and delay on

time duration of the class why not practice exercising plyometrics before starting

the class.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to determine what are the possible effects of

applying the plyometric exercises as preliminary activities in increasing student

engagement for FITT 1 & 3 courses on Bachelor of Physical Education students

from 1st year and 2nd year.

Specifically, this study will seek answers to the following questions.

1. What are the perceived effects of plyometric exercises among students in

terms of:

1.1 Active Participation

1.2 Improving Physical Performance

1.3 Attention
2. Is there different respond and engagement on students in terms of:

2.1 Academics

2.2 Behavior

2.3 Cognitive

2.4 Affective

3. What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of implementing plyometric

exercises as supplementary activities to enhance student engagement in FITT 1

and 3 courses?

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to determine what are the possible effects of

applying the plyometric exercises as preliminary activities in increasing student

engagement for FITT 1 & 3 courses on Bachelor of Physical Education students

from 1st year and 2nd year.

Specifically, this study will seek answers to the following questions.

1. Determine the perceived effects of plyometric exercises among students in

terms of:

1.1 Active Participation

1.2 Improving Physical Performance

1.3 Attention

2. Find out their different responses and engagement on students in terms of:
 2.1 Academics

2.2 Behavior

2.3 Cognitive

2.4 Affective

3. Identify the potential benefits and drawbacks of implementing plyometric

exercises as supplementary activities to enhance student engagement in FITT 1

and 3 courses?

Hypotheses

H0 Plyometric exercises have no significant effect on the engagement of students

in Bachelor of Physical Education about FITT 1 and 3 courses.

Significance of the Study

Department of Education. They may consider this study to be reviewed

further and use the research as a basis and starting point to improve the

curriculum.

Teachers. They are the one who will benefit mostly after the study, they

may consider changing their tactics and teaching strategies to increase the

engagement and motivation of their students.

Students. This study is significant for students to improve their daily life in

terms of reaching great heights or their muscle memory when landing from high

place in case of emergency.

 Future Researchers. The study is significant for the future researchers

and may use this as reference. They may expand the research to further validate

and justify the previous results.

Time and Place of the Study

The study will be conducted during the 1 st semester of school year 2024-

2025 in the month of September to January. It will be held at Cavite State

University Main Campus.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will mainly cover the effects of plyometric exercises in

preliminary activities for FITT 1 and 3 courses. Only the 1 st and 2nd year students

of BPED that are enrolled during 1 st semester of school year 2024-2025 will be

the participants of the study. The study will be conducted through observation

and engagement criteria surveys that will be given to students after the class.

Students and other courses within and from satellite campuses will not be part of

the study.

Definition of Terms

BPED. This is the acronym for Bachelor of Physical Education.

FITT. This is the acronym for Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type

Plyometric Exercises. A type of exercise training that uses speed and

force of different movements to build muscle power.

 Student/s. In general, these are the individuals who go into school.

As being used in this study these are the 1 st and 2nd year individuals who

are taking Bachelor of Physical Education in Cavite State University Main

Campus.

Conceptual Framework

This conceptual framework that guided the study illustrates the process of

identifying the level of engagement using plyometric exercises as additional

preliminary activities for FITT 1 and FITT 3 in BPED courses.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Effects of plyometric

exercises among students in

terms of:

1. Active Participation

2. Improving Physical The impact of Plyometric

Performance Exercises as additional

Using Engagement Criteria
3. Attention preliminary activities
through survey
among students of FITT 1
Different responses and questionnaire.
and FITT 3 in BPED
engagement on students in
courses.
terms of:

1. Academics

2. Behavior

3. Cognitive

4. Affective
 Figure 1 shows the effects of plyometric exercises among students in

terms of active participation, improving physical performance, and attention. Also,

it shows the different responses and engagement of students in terms of

academics, behavior, cognitive, and affective. This study aims to determine the

level of participation among students enrolled in FITT 1 and FITT 3 in BPED

courses by using plyometric exercises as additional preparatory activities. The

conceptual paradigm shows the process used by the researchers to gauge

students' levels of participation. The engagement criterion will be employed by

the researchers as an instrument to determine the impact of plyometric exercises

as additional preliminary activities among students of FITT 1 and FITT 3 in BPED

courses through a survey questionnaire. Using plyometric exercises as additional

preparatory activities, the researchers were able to ascertain the students' level

of participation based on the engagement criteria findings.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The purpose of this review is to investigate the existing literature and

critically evaluate the possible benefits of adopting the effects of using plyometric

exercises as additional preliminary activities in increasing student engagement

for FITT 1 and 3 courses. By analyzing the current state of knowledge in this

field, the practitioners and educators can acquire insights into the effectiveness

and consequences of introducing plyometric exercises into fitness education

programs, thereby improving student learning experiences and outcomes.

TOPIC 1. High School Students in College-Level Classes: Associations

between Engagement, Achievements, and Mental Health

Student involvement is a multidimensional concept that is gaining traction

in psychology and education. Current research suggests that student

engagement is linked to important student outcomes such as academic

achievement, psychopathology, and mental wellness; however, there is a

scarcity of studies that have examined all components of student engagement

concurrently as they relate to the aforementioned outcomes.

According to high school students in college-level classes: associations

between engagement, achievements, and mental health, student involvement is

a complex phenomenon that includes academic, behavioral, cognitive, and

affective components (Furlong & Christenson, 2008; Kortering & Braziel, 2008).

Students that are more involved in school and learning do better academically
(Appleton et al., 2008; Betts, Appleton, Reschly, Christenson, & Huebner, 2010).

Furthermore, both good and negative indices of mental health have been

connected to student involvement. Internalizing disorders (e.g., depressed and

anxious symptoms) as well as externalizing problems (e.g., delinquency) have

been linked to low levels of student involvement (Hirschfield & Gasper, 2011;

Sander, Sharkey, Olivarri, Tanigawa, & Mauseth, 2010; Schochet, Dadds, Ham,

& Montague, 2006). Higher levels of engagement had been linked to a greater

positive affect and life satisfaction, whereas low levels of engagements had been

linked to a negative affect and decreased the life satisfaction (Lewis, Huebner,

Reschly, & Valois, 2009; Reschly, Huebner, Appelton, & Antarmian, 2008). As a

result, the students' involvement has been linked to a variety of student

outcomes, including academic success, psychopathology, and mental health.

However, most research on the relationships between student involvement and

other outcomes has not looked at all four categories of the student engagement

construct at the same time. But this constraint prevents a thorough

understanding of how student participation affects student outcomes.

In general, research reveals that student involvement encompasses

academic, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional components and is associated

with favorable outcomes such as academic success, life satisfaction, and positive

affect. Low levels of student participation, on the other hand, are linked to

undesirable consequences such as psychopathology, delinquency, negative

affect, and lower life satisfaction. To have a comprehensive picture of the link
between student participation and various outcomes, it is necessary to study all

four areas of the student engagement construct at the same time.

TOPIC 2. Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Performance: An

Umbrella Review

Plyometric training is a kind of exercise that involves explosive movements

like jumping, hopping, and bounding. Plyometric exercises may help burn

calories, increase muscle strength, and improve power by moving explosively.

They provide excellent cardiovascular exercise and can help improve

coordination, agility, or flexibility so as to make students more physically

competent when performing their exercises.

According to an umbrella review of meta-analyses published in Sports

Medicine - Open, plyometric training can improve physical performance and

fitness parameters for healthy individuals, athletes from different sports, and

different age groups. The review found that plyometric training can induce trivial-

to-large effects on physical performance for healthy people, and enhanced

performance for athletes from different sports (e.g., vertical jump height, sprint

time, and muscle strength).

In general, students can benefit from plyometric exercises as they can

enhance their physical performance, fitness levels, and general well-being. To

prevent injury and maximize benefits, it's important to remember that plyometric

exercises should only be done under the supervision of a trained teacher.

TOPIC 3. Comparison of Plyometrics and Aerobic Exercises on Attention

Levels in Young Adults

This study is designed to compare the influence of aerobic and plyometric

exercises on young people's attention levels. It is very simple to carry out both of

these trainings, and it has been shown that they are beneficial for your cognitive

function. A study does not demonstrate that one type of exercise increases

attention levels more than another. However, in previous studies, it has been

shown that this aspect of attention can be improved by aerobic and plyometric

training.

A study by Mahardika et al. showed that 6 weeks of plyometric training can

significantly increase attention levels. It activates both hemispheres of the brain

so that the brain tries to maintain stability and adjust rapidly. In the long term, this

will increase spatial awareness and memory.

Generally, this study indicates that plyometrics and aerobic exercise both

increase attention levels in young adults. This study will help to determine the

effects of using plyometric exercises as additional preliminary activities in

increasing student engagement for FITT 1 and 3 courses on the attention levels

of specific students. It will determine if the students are truly interested and focus

their attention in the class with the help of plyometric exercises as additional

preliminary activities.
References:

Weishaupt, J. (2022, November). How to do Jumping Jacks. Retrieved from

https://www.edutopia.org/discussion/7-ways-increase-students-attention-span

Delfino, A.P. (2019, June). Student Engagement and Academic Performance of

Students of Partido State University. Retrieved from: https://eric.ed.gov/?

id=EJ1222588

Francisco M.B., Gonzales, R.DLC., Vargas, M.A.S., (2015, November). Student

Engagement: Associations with Teachers and Peers as Motivators. Retrieved

from https://shorturl.at/rzJMT

Reeves, D., (2015, July 10) 7 Ways to Increase a Student’s Attention Span.

Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/drwW9

Kons, R. L., Da Rosa Orssatto, L. B., Dias, J. A., De Pauw, K., Meeusen, R.,

Trajano, G. S., Pupo, J. D., & Detanico, D. (2023). Effects of plyometric training

on Physical Performance: An umbrella review. Sports Medicine - Open, 9(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00550-86

K. M. Sandradewi, E. Kumaidah, Y. Purwoko, and M. Marijo, "Comparison Of

Plyometrics And Aerobic Exercises On Attention Levels In Young Adults," Jurnal

Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal), vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 100-

105, Mar. 2021. https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v10i2.29286

Roth, Rachel Anne, "High School Students in College-Level Classes:

Associations Between Engagement, Achievement, and Mental Health" (2013).

Graduate Theses and Dissertations.

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71952387.pdf