UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO

College of Teachers Education

All Programs

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning

(SDL)

Course/Subject: EDUC 109 (TEACHING PROFESSION)

Name of Teacher: Wenji D. Sanchez

THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR

REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS
INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF
THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE
COURSE/SUBJECT.
EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.
 Table of Contents

Course Outline i

Week 1-5

ULOa. Explain the different philosophies of education 5

ULOb. Examine the present teacher education

curriculum in relation to the National
Competency-Based Teacher Standards 21

ULOc. Extrapolate the characteristics of a global

teacher 37

Week 6-7
ULOa. Compare and contrast the laws that lead to the
Professionalization of teaching 44

ULOb. Describe how the professional teacher conducts

himself/herself in the practice of the profession 65

Week 8-9
ULOa. Internalized your rights, duties, and obligations
relevant to the laws that govern education 22
ULOb. Explore the history of the development of
education in the Philippines 132
University of Mindanao
College of Teacher Education
Course Outline: EDUC 109 – The Teaching Profession
Course Coordinator:
Email:
Student Consultation:
Mobile:
Phone:
Effectivity Date:
Mode of Delivery:
Time Frame:
Student Workload:
Requisites:
Credit:
Attendance Requirements:
Course Outline Policy
Areas of Concern
Contact and Non-contact Hours
Assessment Task Submission
1
“Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
Wenji D. Sanchez
wsanchez@umindanao.edu.ph
thru email: wsanchez@umindanao.edu.ph
0909-794-3439
May, 2020
Blended (On-Line with face to face or virtual sessions)
54 Hours
Expected Self-Directed Learning
None
3
A minimum of 95% attendance is required at all
scheduled Virtual or face to face sessions.
Details
This 3-unit course self-instructional manual is designed
for blended learning mode of instructional delivery with
scheduled face to face or virtual sessions. The
expected number of hours will be 54 including the face
to face or virtual sessions. The face to face sessions
shall include the summative assessment tasks (exams)
since this course is crucial in the licensure examination
for teachers.
Submission of assessment tasks shall be on 3 rd, 5th, 7th
and 9th week of the term. The assessment paper shall
be attached with a cover page indicating the title of the
assessment task (if the task is performance), the
name of the course coordinator, date of submission and
name of the student. The document should be emailed
to the course coordinator. It is also expected that you
already paid your tuition and other fees before the
submission of the assessment task.
If the assessment task is done in real time through the
features in the Blackboard Learning Management
System, the schedule shall be arranged ahead of time
by the course coordinator.
Since this course is included in the licensure examination
for teachers, you will be required to take the Multiple-
Choice Question exam inside the University. This should
be scheduled ahead of time by your course coordinator.
This is non-negotiable for all licensure-based programs.
University of Mindanao
College of Teacher Education
Turnitin Submission
Penalties for Late
Assignments/Assessments
Return of
Assignments/Assessments
Assignment Resubmission
Re-marking of Assessment
Papers and Appeal
2
“Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
To ensure honesty and authenticity, all assessment
tasks are required to be submitted through Turnitin
with a maximum similarity index of 30% allowed. This
means that if your paper goes beyond 30%, the
students will either opt to redo her/his paper or explain
in writing addressed to the course coordinator the
reasons for the similarity. In addition, if the paper has
reached more than 30% similarity index, the student
may be called for a disciplinary action in accordance
with the University’s OPM on Intellectual and Academic
Honesty.
Please note that academic dishonesty such as cheating
and commissioning other students or people to
complete the task for you have severe punishments
(reprimand, warning, expulsion).
The score for an assessment item submitted after the
designated time on the due date, without an approved
extension of time, will be reduced by 5% of the possible
maximum score for that assessment item for each day
or part day that the assessment item is late.
However, if the late submission of assessment paper
has a valid reason, a letter of explanation should be
submitted and approved by the course coordinator. If
necessary, you will also be required to present/attach
evidences.
Assessment tasks will be returned to you two (2) weeks
after the submission. This will be returned by email or
via Blackboard portal.
For group assessment tasks, the course coordinator will
require some or few of the students for online or virtual
sessions to ask clarificatory questions to validate the
originality of the assessment task submitted and to
ensure that all the group members are involved.
You should request in writing addressed to the course
coordinator his/her intention to resubmit an assessment
task. The resubmission is premised on the student’s
failure to comply with the similarity index and other
reasonable grounds such as academic literacy
standards or other reasonable circumstances e.g.
illness, accidents financial constraints.
You should request in writing addressed to the program
coordinator your intention to appeal or contest the score
given to an assessment task. The letter should explicitly
explain the reasons/points to contest the grade. The
program coordinator shall communicate with the
students on the approval and disapproval of the
request.
If disapproved by the course coordinator, you can
elevate your case to the program head or the dean with
University of Mindanao
College of Teacher Education
Grading System
Preferred Referencing Style (IF
THE TASK REQUIRES)
Student Communication
Contact Details of the Dean
Contact Details of the Program
Head
Students with a Special Needs
Online Tutorial Registration
Help Desk Contact
Library Contact
GSTC CTE Facilitator Contact
3
“Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
the original letter of request. The final decision will
come from the dean of the college.
Course exercises – 30% (including BlackBoard forum)
1st exam – 10%
2nd exam – 10%
3rd exam – 10%
Final exam – 40%
APA 6th Edition
You are required to create a umindanao email account
which is a requirement to access the BlackBoard
portal. Then, the course coordinator shall enroll the
students to have access to the materials and resources
of the course. All communication formats: chat,
submission of assessment tasks, requests etc. shall be
through the portal and other university recognized
platforms.
You can also meet the course coordinator in person
through the scheduled face to face sessions to raise
your issues and concerns.
For students who have not created their student email,
please contact the course coordinator or program head.
Dr. Jocelyn Bacasmot
Email: jbacasmot@umindanao.edu.ph
Phone: 082-3050647 local 102
Maribel Abalos
Email: mabalos@umindanao.edu.ph
Phone: 082-3050647 local 102
Students with special needs shall communicate with the
course coordinator about the nature of his or her
special needs. Depending on the nature of the need,
the course coordinator with the approval of the program
coordinator may provide alternative assessment tasks
or extension of the deadline of submission of
assessment tasks. However, the alternative
assessment tasks should still be in the service of
achieving the desired course learning outcomes.
You are required to enroll in a specific tutorial time for
this course via the www.cte.edu.ph portal. Please note
that there is a deadline for enrollment to the tutorial.
0923-602-8780
email: BSED@umindanao.edu.ph
Brigida E. Bacani
Head-LIC
library@umindanao.edu.ph
09513766681
Ronadora E. Deala
GSTC Head
ronadora_deala@umindanao.edu.ph
09212122846
Ivy Jane Regidor
University of Mindanao 4
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
GSTC Facilitator
gstcmain@umindanao.edu.ph
09105681081

Course Information – see/download course syllabus in the Black Board LMS

CC’s Voice: Hello prospective teacher! Welcome to this course EDUC 109: The Teaching Profession.
By now, I am confident that you really wanted to become a teacher and that you have
visualized yourself already being in front of the classroom teaching.

CO Before the actual teaching performance, you have to be equipped with knowledge and deep
understanding of your role as a professional within the context of national and global
teacher’s standards and educational philosophies. In order to realize this, you are expected
to be able to explain the different educational philosophies, principles, and programs
influencing the teacher education, discuss educational laws and professional
responsibilities, and examine education and teacher-related laws which are the
intended outcomes of this course.

Let us begin!

Big Picture A

Week 6-7: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to:

a. Compare and contrast the laws that lead to the professionalization of teaching; and
b. Describe how the professional teacher conducts himself/herself in the practice of the profession.

Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Compare and contrast the laws that lead to
the professionalization of teaching

Metalanguage

For you to demonstrate ULOa, you will need to have an operational understanding of the
following terms below. Note that these terms are based from the definition of contents included in this
unit.

1. Teaching- refers to the profession primarily concerned with the classroom instruction, at the
elementary and secondary levels, in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by National Board of
Education, whether on part-time or full-time basis in the public or private schools. (PD 1006)

2. Teachers- refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels,
whether on a full-time or part-time basis, including guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial
arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions
in all schools in the aforesaid levels and legally qualified to practice teaching under this Decree. (PD
1006)
University of Mindanao 5
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”

3. Board - refers to the National Board for Teachers duly constituted under this Decree. (PD 1006)

Essential Knowledge

To perform the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) for week 4-5 of the course, you need to fully
understand the following essential knowledge that will be laid down in the succeeding pages. Please note that
you are not limited to exclusively refer to these resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research
articles and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary, search.proquest.com etc.

I. THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF TEACHING

The following are the laws that lead to the professionalization of teaching in the Philippines. Let’s take a
close look at them and examine the similarities and differences among these laws as reflected in the
amendments done throughout.

A. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1006

PROVIDING FOR THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF TEACHERS, REGULATING THEIR PRACTICE

IN THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

WHEREAS, the Constitution provides that “All educational institutions shall be under the supervision of; and
subject to regulation by, the State”, and requires that “the State shall establish and maintain a complete,
adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the goals of national development”;

WHEREAS, in the pursuit on these objectives, the Department of Education and Culture has adopted ways and
means of overseeing all the educational institutions in the country;

WHEREAS, this supervisory function of the DEC has been primarily beamed towards insuring that the
educational institutions inculcate in the students love of the country, teach the duties of citizenship, and develop
moral character, personal discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency;

WHEREAS, to implement these objectives, the institutions have relied upon their teachers whose direct and
continuing interaction with the young people and the children make them potent forces for the development of
proper attitudes among the citizenry;

WHEREAS, this accounts for the tremendous growth of the teaching population, comprising in the civil service
sector alone more than 300,000 teachers deployed all over the country;

WHEREAS, to insure that in the immediacy and urgency of teacher recruitment qualitative requirements are not
overlooked, it has become necessary to regulate the teaching profession;

WHEREAS, although teaching requires a number of years of collegiate study, it is the only course that it is not
yet considered a profession;

WHEREAS, in recognition of the vital role of teachers in nation-building and as an incentive to raise the morale
of teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as professionals and teaching be recognized as a profession.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested
in me by the Constitution, do hereby decree and order:

Section 1. Title. This Decree shall be known as the Decree Professionalizing Teaching.
University of Mindanao 6
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared a policy that teacher education shall be given primary
concern and attention by the government and shall be of the highest quality, and strongly oriented to Philippine
conditions and to the needs and aspirations of the Filipino people even as it seeks enrichment from adoptable
ideas and practices of other people.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this Decree, the following shall be construed as follows:

(a) Teaching refers to the profession primarily concerned with the classroom instruction, at the elementary and
secondary levels, in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by National Board of Education, whether on part-
time or full-time basis in the public or private schools.

(b) Teachers refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on a
full-time or part-time basis, including guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational teachers
and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels
and legally qualified to practice teaching under this Decree.

(c) Board refers to the National Board for Teachers duly constituted under this Decree.

Section 4. Creation of the National Board for Teachers. There is hereby created a National Board for
Teachers, hereinafter called the Board, to be composed of the following:

1) Secretary of Education and Culture Co-Chairman

2) Chairman, Civil Service Commission
3) Commissioner, Professional Regulations Commission Member
4) Two members representing the private sector to be appointed by the President
Section 5. Powers and Duties. The Board shall have the following powers and duties:

(a) Appoint a set of examiners for every examination who will determine and prepare the contents of the Board
examination for teachers, hereinafter referred to as examination, in the elementary and secondary levels of
instruction, to be held at least once a year;

(b) Determine and fix the places and dates of examination, appoint supervisors and room examiners from among
the employees of the Government who shall be entitled to a daily allowance to be fixed by the Board for every
examination day actually attended, use the buildings and facilities of public and private schools for examination
purposes, approve applications to take examination, and approve the release of examination results;

(c) Look from time to time into the conditions affecting the practice of the teaching profession, adopt such
measures as may be deemed proper for the enhancement of said profession, and/or maintenance of the
professional standards and ethics;

(d) Issue, suspend, revoke, replace or reissue Professional Teachers Certificate, and administer oaths;

(e) Appoint, subject to the provisions of existing laws, such officials and employees as are necessary in the
effective performance of its functions and responsibilities, prescribe their duties and fix their compensation;

(f) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as it may deem proper; and

(g) Promulgate rules and regulations, and exercise such other powers, functions and duties as may be necessary
to carry into effect the purposes of this Decree.

Section 6. Qualification requirements for examination applicants. No applicant shall be admitted to take the
examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following
requirements:
University of Mindanao 7
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
(a) Except those who have been engaged in teaching as herein defined for at least five years in schools in the
Philippines not organized exclusively for nationals of a foreign country at the time of the effectivity of this Decree,
the applicant must be a citizen of the Philippines;

(b) That he is of good moral character;

(c) That he is free from any physical and/or mental defect which will incapacitate him to render efficient service;
and

(d) That he possesses the following minimum educational qualifications:

1) For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelor’s degree in Elementary Education
(B.S.E.Ed.) or its equivalent;

2) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor’s degree in Education or its equivalent with a major and
minor, or a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Sciences with at least eighteen units in professional education; and

3) For teachers of secondary vocational and two-year technical courses, Bachelor’s degree in the field of
specialization with at least eighteen units in professional education.

All applications shall be filed with an office or offices designated by the Board, preferably the offices of the Civil
Service Commission and the Department of Education and Culture.

These offices shall screen and approve such applications and issue the corresponding permits to take the
examination to qualify applicants.

Section 7. Appointment of examiners. The Board shall appoint a set of examiners for every examination who
are recognized authority in teacher education, and their names shall not be disclosed until after the release of
the results of the examination. They shall each receive as compensation the sum of not less than P5.00 for each
examinee as may be determined by the Board but in no case shall each examiner receive more than P18,000
per examination. Any examiner who is in the service of the Government shall receive the compensation herein
provided in addition to his salary.

Section 8. Scope of the examination. The examination shall consist of written tests, the scope of which shall
be determined by the Board, taking into consideration the teaching plan of the schools legally constituted in the
Philippines.

Section 9. Ratings in the examination. In order that a candidate may be deemed to have successfully passed
the examinations, he must have obtained a general average of at least 70 per cent in all subjects, with no rating
below 50 per cent in any subject.

Section 10. Report of the results of examination. The examiners shall report the ratings obtained by each
candidate to the Board within 150 days after the last day of the examination, unless extended by the latter.

Section 11. Issuance of Certificates. Teachers who have passed examinations given by the Civil Service
Commission or jointly by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education and Culture shall be
considered as having passed the board examinations for teachers. The Board may consider their certificates of
rating as certificates of eligibility or issue an entirely new certificate upon registration of the teacher and payment
of the corresponding fees.

This provision shall likewise apply to those teachers who have permanent appointment under the Magna
Carta For Public School Teachers and all others who may be qualified for registration as professional teachers
under this Decree.
University of Mindanao 8
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
Section 12. Registration. The Civil Service Commission shall, as an arm of the Board, register holders of
Professional Teacher Certificate which registration shall evidence that the registrant is entitled to all the rights
and privileges of a Professional Teacher until and unless the certificate is suspended or canceled by the Board
for just cause.

Section 13. Reissuance of revoked certificates and replacement of lost certificates. The Board may, for
reason of equity and justice, and upon proper application therefor, issue another copy, original or duplicate, upon
payment of the required fee, of a certificate which has been revoked. A new certificate to replace a lost, destroyed
or mutilated certificate may be issued subject to the rules of the Board.

Section 14. Registration by reciprocity. The Civil Service Commission shall, upon approval of the Board, effect
the registration, without examination, of a teacher validly registered under the laws of any foreign state or country;
Provided, That the requirements for registration in said foreign state or country are substantially the same as
those required and contemplated by this Decree, and the laws of such foreign state or country allow citizens of
the Philippines to practice the profession on the same basis and grant the same privileges as the citizens or
subjects of such foreign state or country; Provided finally, That the applicant shall submit competent and
conclusive documentary evidence, confirmed by the Department of Foreign Affairs, showing that his country’s
existing laws permit citizens of the Philippines to practice teaching profession under the rules and regulations
governing citizens thereof.

Section 15. Prohibition. Three years after the effectivity of this Decree, no person shall engage in teaching
and/or act as a teacher as defined in this Decree, whether in the public or private elementary or secondary
school, unless he is holder of a Professional Teacher Certificate or is considered a Professional Teacher under
this Decree.

Section 16. Penal Provision. Any person who shall practice the teaching without a valid Professional Teacher
Certificate, or any person presenting as his or her own the certificate of another, or any person giving any false
or forged evidence in order to obtain a Professional Teacher Certificate or admission to an examination, or any
person assuming himself as a registered professional teacher or any person violating any provision of this Decree
shall be penalized by a fine of not less than One Thousand Pesos nor more than Five Thousand Pesos with
subsidiary imprisonment or to suffer an imprisonment of not less than six months nor more than two years, or
both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the Court.

Section 17. Repealing Clause. All Acts, Decrees, Executive Orders, Administrative Orders, rules and
regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are hereby repealed or modified
accordingly.

Section 18. Separability Clause. In case any provision of this Decree or any portion thereof is declared
unconstitutional by a competent court, other provisions shall not be affected thereby.

Section 19. Effectivity. This Decree shall take effect January 1, 1977.

B. REPUBLIC ACT 7836

AN ACT TO STRENGTHEN THE REGULATION AND SUPERVISION OF THEPRACTICE OF

TEACHING IN THE PHILIPPINES AND PRESCRIBING ALICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

ARTICLE I
TITLE
SECTION 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994."
University of Mindanao 9
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
Sec. 2. Statement of Policy. — The State recognizes the vital role of teachers in nation-building and
development through a responsible and literate citizenry. Towards this end, the State shall ensure and promote
quality education by proper supervision and regulation of the licensure examination and professionalization of
the practice of the teaching profession.

Sec. 3. Objectives. — This Act has the herein objectives:

(a) The promotion, development and professionalization of teachers and the
teaching profession; and
(b) The supervision and regulation of the licensure examination.

Sec. 4. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following terms
shall mean:
(a) "Teaching" — refers to the profession concerned primarily with classroom instruction, at the elementary and
secondary levels in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by the Department of Education, Culture and
Sports, whether on part-time or full-time basis in the private or public schools.
(b) "Teachers" — refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether
on full-time or part-time basis, including industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing
supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and qualified to practice teaching
under this Act.
(c) "Board" — refers to the Board for Professional Teachers duly established and constituted under this Act.
(d) "Commission" — refers to the Professional Regulation Commission.

ARTICLE II
BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS

Sec. 5. Creation and Composition of the Board. — There is hereby created under this Act a Board for
Professional Teachers, hereinafter called the Board, a collegial body under the general supervision and
administrative control of the Professional Regulation Commission, hereinafter referred to as the Commission,
composed of five (5) members who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines from among the
recommendees chosen by the Commission. The recommendees shall be chosen from the list of nominees
selected by the accredited association of teachers, who duly possess all the qualifications prescribed in Section
8 of this Act. The chairman and the voice-chairman of the Board shall be appointed from these five (5) members
by the President: Provided, That the members of the first Board appointed under this Act shall be automatically
registered as professional teachers and issued with the certificate of registration and professional license upon
payment of the fees for examination, registration, and other fees prescribed by the Commission.
Sec. 6. Duties and Function of the Board. — The Board shall have the following duties and functions:
(a) Promulgate, administer and enforce rules and regulations necessary for carrying out the provisions of this
Act in accordance with the charter of the Professional Regulation Commission;
(b) Determine and fix the frequency, dates, and places of examination, appoint supervisors, proctors, and other
personnel as needed who shall be entitled to a daily allowance to be fixed by the Board for every examination
day actually attended, use buildings and facilities of public or private schools for examination purposes;
(c) Issue, suspend, or revoke the certificate of registration for the practice of the teaching profession;
(d) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as it may deem proper;
(e) Prescribe and/or adopt a code of ethical and professional standards for the practice of the teaching
profession. Such ethical standards, rules and regulations to take effect sixty (60) days after its publication in the
Official Gazette or in any newspaper of general circulation;
(f) Administer oaths in connection with the administration of this Act;
(g) Supervise and regulate the registration, licensure and practice of professional teachers in the Philippines;
(h) Adopt an official seal of the Board;
(i) Look into the conditions affecting the practice of the teaching profession and whenever necessary, adopt such
measures as may be deemed proper for the enhancement and maintenance of high professional and ethical
standards of the profession;
(j) Ensure that all educational institutions offering elementary and secondary education comply with the essential
requirements for curricula, faculty and facilities for the elementary and secondary levels;
University of Mindanao 10
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
(k) Investigate such violations of this Act, the rules and the code of ethical and professional standards for
professional teachers as it may come to the knowledge of the Board, and for this purpose, to issue subpoena
and subpoena duces tecum to secure the appearance of witnesses and the production of documents in
connection therewith; and
(l) Discharge such other powers, duties and functions as the Board may deem necessary for the practice of the
teaching profession and the upgrading, enhancement, development and growth of education in the Philippines.

Sec. 7. Term of Office. — The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three (3) years from the date
they assume office: Provided, That the first appointees to the Board under this Act shall hold office according to
the following terms: one (1) member shall serve for one (1) year; one (1) member for two (2) years; the chairman,
vice-chairman, and one (1) member for three (3) years. Vacancies shall be served for the unexpired term only.
No person who has served for two (2) consecutive terms shall be eligible for reappointment. Appointment to fill
an unexpired term shall be considered an appointment to a complete term. The chairman or any member shall
take his oath of office prior to the performance of his duties.
Sec. 8. Qualification of Board Members. — Each Board member must at the time of his appointment:
(a) Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
(b) Be at least thirty-five (35) years of age, of proven integrity, and possessed of high moral values in his personal
as well as professional conduct and has not been convicted of any offense involving moral turpitude;
(c) Be a holder of the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science in and preferably a holder of a master's
or doctorate degree in education, or their equivalents, from a university, school, college, academy or institute
duly constituted, recognized and/or accredited by the Philippine government;
(d) Be a professional teacher with a valid certificate of registration and valid professional license, save those
members who shall compose the first Board for Professional Teachers;
(e) Has been a professional teacher in the active practice of the teaching profession for at least ten (10) years
in the elementary and secondary level; and
(f) Not be an official or member of the faculty of, nor have pecuniary interest in any university, college, school,
or institution conferring a bachelor's degree in education or its equivalents for at least three (3) years prior to his
appointment, and neither connected with a review center or with any group or association where review classes
or lectures in preparation for the licensure examination are offered or conducted. Provided, however, That, the
membership to the Board shall be evenly distributed to cover all levels of education, including equitable
representation of the different fields of specialization.

Sec. 9. Compensation of the Board. — The chairman, vice-chairman, and members of the Board shall receive
compensation comparable to the compensation received by existing regulatory boards under the Professional
Regulation Commission, computed on the basis of the number of examinees/candidates.

Sec. 10. Supervision of the Board and Custodian of its Records. — The Board shall be under the supervision
and control of the Commission. All records, including applications for examination, examination papers and
results, minutes of deliberation, administrative cases and investigative cases and investigations involving
professional teachers shall be kept by the Commission.

Sec. 11. Secretariat and Support Services. — The Professional Regulation Commission, through its chairman,
shall provide the secretariat and other support services to implement effectively the provisions of this Act.

Sec. 12. Removal of a Board Member. — The chairman or any member of the Board may be removed by the
President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Commission for neglect of duty, incompetence,
unprofessional, unethical, immoral or dishonorable conduct, commission or toleration of irregularities in the
examination, after having been given the opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation.
In the course of investigation, the President may preventively suspend the respondent.

ARTICLE III
EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Sec. 13. Examination, Registration and License Required. — Except as otherwise specifically allowed under
the provisions of this Act, all applicants for registration as professional teachers shall be required to undergo a
University of Mindanao 11
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
written examination which shall be given at least once a year in such places and dates as the Board may
determine upon approval by the Commission. A valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license
from the Commission are required before any person is allowed to practice as a professional teacher in the
Philippines, except as otherwise allowed under this Act.

Sec. 14. Scope of Examination. — The examinations for the elementary and secondary school teachers shall
be separate. The examination for teachers in the elementary level shall consist of two (2) parts, namely:
professional education and general education. The examination for teachers in the secondary level shall consist
of three (3) parts, namely: professional education, general education, and field of specialization.
Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. — No applicant shall be admitted to take the examination
unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:
(a) A citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of
the teaching profession;
(b) At least eighteen (18) years of age;
(c) In good health and of good reputation with high moral values;
(d) Has not been convicted by final judgment by a court for an offense involving moral turpitude;
(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government and possesses the minimum
educational qualifications, as follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor's degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor's degree in elementary education (BSEED) or its
equivalent;
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor's degree in education or its equivalent with a major and
minor, or a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences with at least ten (10) units in professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor's degree in the field of specialization
or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education.

Sec. 16. Report of the Results of the Examination. — The Board shall, within one hundred twenty (120) days
after the examination, report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the Professional Regulation Commission
for approval and appropriate action.

Sec. 17. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional License. — The registration of a
professional teacher commences from the date his name is enrolled in the roster of professional teachers. Every
registrant who has satisfactorily met all the requirements specified in this Act shall, upon payment of the
registration fee, be issued a certificate of registration as a professional teacher bearing the full name of the
registrant with serial number and date of issuance signed by the chairman of the Commission and the chairman,
vice-chairman, and members of the Board, stamped with the official seal, as evidence that the person named
therein is entitled to practice the profession with all the rights and privileges appurtenant thereto. The certificate
shall remain in full force and effect until withdrawn, suspended and/or revoked in accordance with law. A
professional license signed by the chairman of the Commission and bearing the registration number and date of
issuance thereof and the month of expiry or renewability shall likewise be issued to every registrant who has
paid the annual registration fees for three (3) consecutive years. This license shall serve as evidence that the
licensee can lawfully practice his profession until the expiration of its validity.

Sec. 18. Oath Before Practice. — Every registrant shall be required to take his professional oath before
practicing as a professional teacher.

Sec. 19. Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers. — To encourage continuing professional growth and
development and to provide additional basis for merit promotion, in addition to their performance rating, teachers
may take an oral and written examination at least once in five (5) years as basis for merit promotion. In taking
this examination, no fee shall be required.

Sec. 20. Failure to Pass the Merit Examination. — If a teacher fails to pass the merit examination, he or she
shall be allowed to take the examination for a second time. Should he or she fail to pass the merit examination
for the second time, then he or she shall be required to take a DECS accredited refresher course or program
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
before being allowed to retake the examination. Failure of any permanent teacher to pass the merit examination
shall not, however, be used as a ground for his/her dismissal or demotion.

Sec. 21. Incentives. — Teachers who pass the merit examination shall:
(a) Be awarded a diploma of merit by the Board;
(b) Earn merit points for purposes of promotion in salary or to a higher position or grade level;
(c) Be placed in the priority list for government scholarship; and
(d) Enjoy such other benefits as may be promulgated by the Board. Similar incentives shall be given to teachers
who make inventions, develop new methods of teaching, write a book or books and create works of artistic merit.

Sec. 22. Integration of the Teaching Profession. — The teaching profession shall be integrated into one
national organization which shall be recognized by the Board and the Commission as the one and only integrated
and accredited association of professional teachers. Upon registration with the Board, every professional teacher
shall be encouraged to become a member of the integrated national organization. Those who have been
registered with the Board but are not members of the said integrated organization shall be allowed to register as
members of the said integrated organization within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act. Membership in
the integrated organization shall not be a bar to membership in other associations of the teaching profession.
The professional teachers shall receive the benefits and privileges appurtenant to their membership in the said
integrated and accredited organization of professional teachers only upon payment of the required membership
fees and dues.

Sec. 23. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspension from the Practice of the Teaching
Profession, and Cancellation of Temporary or Special Permit. — The Board shall have the power, after due
notice and hearing, to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration of any registrant, to reprimand or to cancel
the temporary/special permit of a holder thereof who is exempt from registration, for any of the following causes:
(a) Conviction for any criminal offense by a court of competent jurisdiction;
(b) Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct;
(c) Declaration by a court of competent jurisdiction for being mentally unsound or insane;
(d) Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross negligence or serious ignorance of the practice of the teaching
profession;
(e) The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a certificate of registration, professional license
or special/temporary permit;
(f) Chronic inebriety or habitual use of drugs;
(g) Violation of any of the provisions of this Act, the rules and regulations and other policies of the Board and the
Commission, and the code of ethical and professional standards for professional teachers; and
(h) Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars, workshops, conferences and the like or the continuing
education program prescribed by the Board and the Commission. The decision of the Board to revoke or suspend
a certificate may be appealed to the regional trial court of the place where the Board holds office within fifteen
(15) days from receipt of the said decision or of the denial of the motion for reconsideration filed in due time.

Sec. 24. Registration by Reciprocity. — No teacher of a foreign nationality shall be admitted to the
examination, or be given a certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges provided
under this Act; unless the country or state of which he is a subject permits Filipino professional teachers to
practice within its territorial limits on the same basis as subjects or citizens of said country or state: Provided,
that the requirements of certification of teachers with said foreign state or country are substantially the same as
those required and contemplated under this Act: Provided, further, That the laws of such state or country grant
the same privilege to Filipino professional teachers on the same basis as the subject or citizens of such foreign
country or state.

Sec. 25. Roster of Professional Teachers. — A roster of professional teachers containing the names and
addresses of professional teachers, date of registration or issuance of certificate, and other data which in the
opinion of the Board may appear pertinent shall be maintained. Copies of the roster shall be provided by the
Commission to the Board, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, and the integrated and accredited
organization of professional teachers.
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”

Sec. 26. Registration and Exception. — Two (2) years after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall engage
in teaching and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or
secondary level, unless he is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of
registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit. Upon approval of the
application and payment of the prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and professional license as a
professional teacher shall be issued without examination as required in this Act to a qualified applicant, who at
the time of the approval of this Act, is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission and the Department
of Education, Culture and Sports; or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the Department of Education,
Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006; or
(c) Not qualified under paragraphs one and two but with any of the following qualifications. to wit:
(1) An elementary or secondary teacher for five (5) years in good standing and a holder of Bachelor of Science
in Education or its equivalent; or
(2) An elementary or secondary teacher for three (3) years in good standing and a holder of a master's degree
in education or its equivalent. Provided, that they shall be given two (2) years from the organization of the Board
for professional teachers within which to register and be included in the roster of professional teachers: Provided,
further, that those incumbent teachers who are not qualified to register without examination under this Act or
who, albeit qualified, were unable to register within the two-year period shall be issued a five-year temporary or
special permit from the time the Board is organized within which to register after passing the examination and
complying with the requirements provided this Act and be included in the roster of professional teachers:
Provided, furthermore, That those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers shall be
eligible as para-teachers and as such, shall be issued by the Board a special or temporary permit, and shall be
assigned by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to schools as it may determine under the
circumstances.

ARTICLE IV
PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION

Sec. 27. Inhibition Against the Practice of the Teaching Profession. — Except as otherwise allowed under
this Act, no person shall practice or offer to practice the teaching profession in the Philippines or be appointed
as teacher to any position calling for a teaching position without having previously obtained a valid certificate of
registration and a valid professional license from the Commission.

Sec. 28. Penal Provisions. — The following shall be punishable by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos
(P5,000.00) nor more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or imprisonment of nor less than six (6) months
nor more than five (5) years, or both, at the discretion of the court:
(a) Any person who practices the teaching profession in the Philippines without being certified in accordance
with the provisions of this Act;
(b) Any person who represents or attempts to use as his own certificate of registration that of another;
(c) Any person who gives any false, or fraudulent evidence of any kind to the Board or any member thereof in
obtaining a certificate of registration as teacher;
(d) Any person who impersonates any registrant of the same or different name;
(e) Any person who uses a revoked or suspended certificate of registration;
(f) Any person who, in connection with his name, otherwise assumes, uses or advertises any title or description
tending to convey or conveys the impression that he is a teacher without holding a valid certificate; and
(g) Any person who violates or who abets the violation of any of the provisions of this Act. The penalty of fine or
imprisonment or both, as provided in this section, shall also apply to any school official who shall cause or be
responsible for the commission of any of the above-enumerated acts.

Sec. 29. Appropriations. — Such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act shall be
included in the 1996 General Appropriations Act and thereafter.
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
Sec. 30. Implementing Guidelines. — The Board shall formulate and adopt the necessary guidelines for the
effective implementation of the provisions of this Act within sixty (60) days of its approval. The Board shall submit
to both Committees on Education, Arts, and Culture; and the Committees on Civil Service and Professional
Regulation of the Senate and House of Representatives, copies of the implementing rules and guidelines within
thirty (30) days after its promulgation. Any violation of this section shall render the official/s concerned liable
under Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials
and Employees" and other pertinent administrative and/or penal laws.

Sec. 31. Transitory Provision. — All incumbent teachers in both the public and private sector not otherwise
certified as professional teachers by virtue of this Act, shall be given (5) years temporary certificates from the
time the Board for Professional Teachers is organized within which to qualify as required by this Act and be
included in the roster of professionals. Provided, however, That the Professional Board Examination for Teachers
(PBET) shall still be administered by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture
and Sports for the year 1995.

Sec. 32. Separability Clause. — If, for any reason, any section or provision of this Act or the application of such
section or provision to any person or circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or
provision of this Act shall be affected thereby.

Sec. 33. Repealing Clause. — All laws, presidential decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts
thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Sec. 34. Effectivity Clause. — This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following its complete publication
in the Official Gazette or in two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

C. REPUBLIC ACT 9293

AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SEVENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED

AND THIRTY-SIX (R.A. NO. 7836), OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “PHILIPPINE TEACHERS
PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF 1994”

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836 is hereby amended as follows:

“SEC. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. – No applicant shall be admitted to take the examination
unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:

“(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government and possesses the minimum
educational qualifications, as follows:

(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent;

(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in elementary education (BSEED) or its
equivalent;

(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education or its equivalent with a major and
minor, or a bachelor degree in arts and sciences with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education; and

(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization
or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education.”

SEC 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
“SEC. 26. Registration and Exception. – No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional
teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a
duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional
license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit.

Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and
professional license as a professional teacher shall be issued without examination as required in this Act to a
qualified applicant, who is:

(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission and the Department
of Education, Culture and Sports; or

(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the Department of Education,
Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006.

Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past five (5) years shall take at least
twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of at least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of content
courses, or the equivalent training and number of hours, to be chosen from a list of courses to be provided by
the Board and the Department of Education, before they can be allowed to practice their profession in the
country.

Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers, with a rating of not lower than
five percentage points from the passing general average rating, shall be eligible as para-teachers upon issuance
by the Board of a two-year special permit, renewable for a non-extendible period of two (2) years. The para-
teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher, as identified
and provided by the Department of Education and the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
education department to the Board for professional teachers and to the Commission. The special permit shall
indicate the area of assignment of the para-teacher.

A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person who has excelled and gained international
recognition and is a widely acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization.”

SEC 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

“SEC. 31. Transitory Provision. – Special permits, with a validity of three (3) and five (5) years, issued to para-
teachers by the Board for Professio
nal Teachers before the effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period granted therein:
Provided, That only special permits with a validity of three (3) years may be renewed upon expiration for a non-
extendible period of two (2) years.”

SEC 4. References to the term “Department of Education, Culture and Sports”, in section 4 (a) and
section 25, and the term “DECS” in section 20, of the same Act, are hereby amended to read as
“Department of Education” and “DepEd”, respectively.

SEC 5. Separability Clause. – If, for any reason, any section or provision of this Act or the application of such
section or provision to any person or circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or
provision of this Act shall be affected thereby.

SEC 6. Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, circulars, administrative orders, rules and regulations, and other
issuances which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

SEC 7. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect upon approval.

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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson:

Darliing-Hammond, L., Campbell, C. (2017). Empowered Educators: How High-Performing Systems Shape
Teaching Quality Around the World. John & Wiley Sons Incorporated ISBN 9781119369608

Symeonidis, V. (2015). The Status of Teachers and The Teaching Profession: A Study of Education Union
Perspectives. Education International Research Institute

Popkewitz, T. (1994). PROFESSIONALIZATION IN TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION:

SOME NOTES ON ITS HISTORY, IDEOLOGY, AND POTENTIAL. Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol.10,
N0.1, pp 1-14,1994

Let’s Check
Activity 1. Answer the following questions that follow about the laws that professionalized teaching in
the Philippines. (Adopted from Bilbao et.al, 2012)

1.What amendments to RA 7836 were made by RA 9293 on the following:

a. number of units in professional education required of non-education graduates

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

b. registration of those engaged in teaching without examination

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

c. required rating for para-teachers

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

2. Other than para-teachers, who else are entitled to a special permit?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

3. What is required for teachers covered by Sec.26 of RA 9293 who have not practiced their profession
for the past five years?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

4. Who are qualified for the issuance of a license without examination?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Compare PD 1006 and RA 7836 along the following then give your own observations. (Adopted
Bilbao et.al, 2012)

Item PD 1006 RA 7836 Observation

1. Definition of
Teacher

2. Teacher’s
Examination

a.) Scope
University of Mindanao 18
College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”
b.) Qualification
Requirements for
Examinees

c.) Rating

d.) Report of
Results

3. National Board
for Teacher
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”

4. The Board of
Professional
Teacher

5. Cause of
revocation of
Certificate/ license
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”

Q & A LIST

Now that you have gone through the lessons, you may list down your concerns and send it directly via email
following the format below.
email address: ctorrejos@umindanao.edu.ph

Do you have any question or clarification?

Questions/Issues Answers

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
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College of Teacher Education “Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged”