Group 2 Set A Capstone Thesis Format

COLUMBAN COLLEGE, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEAVED

HUMAN HAIR SPONGE FOR
OIL ADSORPTION
RESEARCHERS:
MARIA YZABEL P. BELTRAN

GIEANNE JORGE G. CABABARO
YZA NICOLE CAÑAS
JESSIE MAE P. DABU
JULIANA LOUISSE G. JULIAN
An Investigatory Project Proposal Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
In Capstone Project
May 2023
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICSii
ABSTRACT
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEAVED

HUMAN HAIR SPONGE FOR
OIL ADSORPTION
By

YZA NICOLE CAÑAS
JESSIE MAE P. DABU
STEM 12 – St. Nicasius of Reims
MR. JEROME DANNIELLE UY

III Adviser
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Improper disposal of oil has always been an issue for households. Furthermore, recent
reports showed that multiple oil spill events in the Philippines caused a loss of
livelihoods. Hence, this study intends to investigate the effectiveness of using a weaved
human hair sponge as a solution for improper oil disposal and oil spills. The general
objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of using weaved human hair as an
adsorbent for oil. In this quantitative research study, the researchers utilized
experimental research design, a scientific approach that allows researchers to
investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between variables through controlled
manipulation and observation. The researchers will conduct a physicochemical test to
study the characteristics of their independent variable, which is human hair, to verify
its level of performance and determine whether it complies with standards before it
can be declared as a natural alternative and effective product for adsorbing oil. The
efficiency, capacity, and ability of the weaved human hair sponge to be oleophilic were
tested using different set-ups. The study will utilize the following statistical analysis
tools: frequency and percentage distribution, paired sample t-test, and independent t-
test. The study’s findings indicated that weaved human hair sponges are a natural
alternative and effective product for adsorbing oil spills.
Keywords: Physical Science, Oil Adsorption, Experimental Research Design,

Olongapo City, Philippines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICSiii
TITLE PAGE i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Review of Related Literature and Studies 2
Statement of the Problem 6
FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 8
Conceptual Framework 8
Theoretical Framework 9
Assumptions/Hypotheses 11
Scope and Delimitations 12
Significance of the Study 13
Definition of Terms 13
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 16
Preparation of Materials 16
Product Creation 17
Product Testing 17
Statistical Analysis 21
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24
4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 34

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICSiv
REFERENCES 37
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 39
APPENDICES 40
CURRICULUM VITAE 50
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Paradigm of the Conceptual Framework (IV-DV/IPO Model) 8
2 Creation of the Weaved Human Hair Sponge 17
3 Methodology of Weaved Human Hair Sponge 23

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This study acknowledges the following problem: dealing with the disposal
of wasted cooking oil could become a problem given the continued widespread
use of cooking oil, particularly in households. The majority of individuals choose
to dump spent cooking oil directly into the sink. The most common problem that
people encounter in their daily households is that their pipes get clogged; simply
pouring spent cooking oil into the drainage system could cause the drainage to
block and the dilemma doesn't end there, rinsing off the remaining oil from the
dishes is water consuming, hence, this will increase the household’s water bill. To
avoid the said problems, the researchers came up with a study on how they can
use weaved human hair as an alternative for a kitchen sponge that can adsorb oil
spills and scrape-off oil greases.
The product’s main component is human hair. Human hair is particularly
good at adsorbing oils and other types of contaminating chemicals because of its
physicochemical properties. The hair adsorbs oil when it comes in contact with it
because of its cuticle which is located on the outermost layer of a human’s hair.
The researchers will only use Asian hair since they are in Asia, and it is more
efficient in adsorption because the cuticle in Asian hair is generally formed 6–8
scales thick (Dias, 2015). Asians have a thicker cuticle layer with more tightly
packed cuticle cells. The strongest mechanical qualities are typically found in
Asian hair, and genetic variants, notably those resulting from the ectodysplasin, a
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS2
receptor gene, considerably influence this hair's cross-sectional area
(Leerunyakul & Suchonwanit, 2020). Human hair is adsorbent which means that
oil coats the hair on the outside part of it. Using human hair as an absorption for
oil is purely physical and no chemical binding is created.
This study will test the ability to utilize weaved human hair as an
alternative for kitchen sponges and to test the effectiveness of using weaved
human hair as an oil adsorption product, particularly, the weaved human hair
will be sought to answer whether it can help adsorb oil spills.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Advantages of human hair as an adsorbent for oil spills
Oil exploration provides huge economic benefits, yet these gains are
accompanied by environmental difficulties caused by oil spills. There are
numerous methods for cleaning up oil spills, as well as their aftermath and
significant financial cost. As a result, it is critical to the transition to ecologically
friendly and cost-effective technologies.
Human hair has proven to be an effective material for extracting oil from
water, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 7470mg/g for crude oil, as well as
its recovery and reusability. According to the findings, African hair came first,
then Asian hair, and finally European hair. African hair came top, followed by
Asian hair, and finally European hair, with crude oil adsorption capacities of
7470, 6176, and 5246mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of adsorption resulted in a
satisfactory fit in a pseudo-second-order model, showing that the manner of
adsorption is exothermic and regulated by a chemisorption process. The isotherm

studies also demonstrated that the Freundlich isotherm model better describes
the experimental data. A comparison of the maximum adsorption capacity of
various adsorbents revealed that human hair outperformed organoclay, rice
husks, reed bed canary grass, treated sludge, modified oil palm leaves, peat moss,
and activated carbon, but not exfoliated graphytes, kapot, and recycled wool
based non-woven material. As a result, human hair can be transformed into a
boom to clean up oil spills. This is a promising field in which scholars should
focus more in order to fully understand the enormous benefits it offers (Ukotije-
Ikwut, P. R., et. Al., 2016).
Human Hair as an Oil Spill Sorbent
An environmental group is organizing the collection of human hair from
salons and barber shops around the country as part of an effort to clean up the
catastrophic oil spill caused by the Deepwater Horizon drill explosion in the Gulf
of Mexico last month. In 1989, Phillip McCrory, a hairstylist in Madison,
Alabama, experimented with using human hair as an oil sponge after seeing
volunteers attempt to remove oil from sea otters' fur on television in the wake of
the Exxon Valdez oil spill. He constructed a faux oil leak in his son's plastic pool
and used an old pair of nylon stockings loaded with five pounds of hair to soak it
up. McCrory approached NASA researchers at the Marshall Space Flight Center
in Huntsville, Alabama, after viewing the results—the water became clear after
just a few minutes. The scientists started experimenting with hair right away. In
one experiment, according to Ned Rozell of the University of Alaska Fairbanks'
Geophysical Institute, they filtered 40 gallons of water and 15 gallons of oil

through nylon bags of hair to remove the hair but reduce the oil concentration to
just 17 parts of oil per million parts of water, or about two drops of oil for a 55-
gallon drum. McCrory thought at the time that 1.4 million pounds of hair might
have absorbed the 11 million gallons of oil spilled by the Exxon Valdez. He has
also collaborated with NASA to create novel oil-absorbing methods for hair.
During a huge oil leak in the Philippines in 2006, hair and feathers were
employed as a low-cost oil "absorbent." Booms, skimmers, chemical dispersants,
and biological agents have traditionally been employed to clean up maritime oil
spills (Butler, R., 2010).
Hair vs. Oil Spill
Oil spills have long-term health consequences for marine organisms,
ranging from severe illness and injury to an increased chance of death.
Petroleum-derived compounds also survive in the ecosystem long after the initial
spill has been visibly cleansed, and likely, total clearance of crude oil remnants
from the environment will never occur. As a result, when crude oils are released
or accidentally spilled, they constitute a major pollution hazard to the
environment, necessitating a rapid and effective emergency response. Sorbent
booms are a 'first line of defense' tool used to control and mitigate the effects of
crude oil spills around the world. The hydrophobic and oleophilic qualities of the
material are the major concerns for oil spill sorbent efficacy. Human hair booms
also showed more variation in oil adsorption performance, which is presumably
due to the non-homogeneous nature of mixed human hair. Despite being
encased, boom-type hair sorbents were less naturally buoyant than commercial
materials; nevertheless, mat-type hair adsorbents may offer a potential approach
for boosting hair buoyancy by altering the sorbent's surface to become more
uniform and increasing water displacement. Alternatively, adding highly buoyant
boom casings or supplementary floatation devices may help hair booms stay
afloat on the surface (Phillips, M., & Pagnucco R., 2018).
Traditionally, booms and barriers constructed of polypropylene, an oil
derivative, are used to clean up oil spills. Despite its environmental hazards, oil
skimmers, fire, and chemical dispersants are also used. Hair, as an alternative, is
hydrophobic (repels water) and biosorbent (collects contaminants, like oil). It is
also a renewable resource. According to a University of Technology Sydney study,
dog fur and human hair are the finest materials for cleaning up oil spills. The
fundamental concept is to turn hair clippings that would otherwise go to waste
into hair mats that absorb oil and clean our water. A hair mat absorbs
approximately five times its weight in oil.
After watching a sea otter's fur become saturated with oil, hair stylist Phil
McCrory from Alabama, US, came up with the idea in 1989. Phil McCrory and
Matter of Trust collaborated to establish the Clean Wave program in 2001. They
used donated hair, fur, wool, and fleece trimmings to build petroleum spill
cleanup booms. The 2007 COSCO Busan oil spill and the 2010 Deepwater
Horizon oil spill were two of the worst oil spill disasters in US history. While
authorities and planners employed traditional means, locals used hair. In 2010,
grassroots volunteers organized around the shores of Mississippi, Alabama,
Louisiana, Texas, and Florida to clean their beaches with Matter of Trust hair
mats and booms. Recently, the people of Mauritius utilized hair to clean up 1,000
tons of oil spilled into the Indian Ocean after a ship came aground in 2020. The
occurrence of large ocean oil spills has decreased dramatically over the years.
However, oil from automobiles and other everyday uses continues to pollute our
waters. To filter water in cities, airports, and other locations, hair mats can be
placed in storm drains, wells, filtration systems, and rivers. Hair booms in the
shape of sausages can be used to "sandbag" coves and beaches, limiting soil
erosion and safeguarding natural habitats. The future of hair mats must consider
what happens to used oil-filled hair mats (Kusuma, N., 2022).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researchers intend to examine the feasibility of using weaved human
hair as an adsorption for oil.
Specifically, the research seeks to resolve the following questions:
1. Can weaved human hair sponge be a feasible material for oil
adsorption?
2. Is the weaved human hair sponge effective as a natural alternative and
an effective product in adsorbing oil in terms of:
a. Palm Oil and Crude Oil adsorption;
b. Capacity of its usefulness; and
c. Capability of being Oleophilic?
3. Is there a significant difference between the commercial kitchen
sponge and the weaved human hair sponge as a natural alternative and
an effective product in collecting oil in terms of:

c. Capability of being Oleophilic?
4. Can weaved human hair sponge be used as a natural alternative and an
effective product in adsorbing oil

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable INPUT Dependent Variable

Weaved Human Hair Sponge and Efficiency of the Product as Oil Adsorbing
Sponge in terms of:
Commercial Kitchen Sponge a. Palm Oil and Crude Oil
adsorption;
c. Capability of being Oleophilic.
Controlled Variable
Amount of Weaved Human Hair and Volume of Oil
PROCESS
Preparation of Materials
Product Creation
Product Testing
Statistical Analysis
OUTPUT
Effectiveness of Weaved Human Hair Sponge for Oil Adsorption
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Conceptual Framework
(IV-DV/IPO Model)
The study intends to build an efficient component for oil adsorption which
is a sponge made of woven human hair. The researchers found the factors
wherein the independent variable is the weaved human hair or the component
product in absorbing the oil that is susceptible to the dependent variable. The
dependent variable is the efficiency of the product as an oil-adsorbing sponge
which will differ depending on the capacity of the product to adsorb oil. Lastly,
the controlled variable is the amount of weaved human hair and the volume of oil
to evaluate the eﬀectiveness of the product.
This figure also shows the Input-process-output model of the conceptual
framework to describe the variable of this study. For input, the independent,
dependent, and controlled variables were mentioned. For the process, the
collection of materials, creation of the product, and testing of the product were
described; collecting and weaving human hair, weaved human hair oil adsorption
testing. And for output, the research objective was mentioned which is to test the
effectiveness of weaved human hair sponge when it comes to adsorbing oils.
Theoretical Framework
The physicochemical properties of human hair make the hair very effective
in absorbing oils and various polluting chemical compounds. Thanks to its
porous cortex, the hair absorbs water and oil when it comes into contact with it
(Vargiolu, 2013). Based on the study of Foo, W.H., et. al. (2021), Waste cooking
oil (WCO) is considered as one hazardous waste because improper disposal of
WCO can cause significant environmental problems such as blockages of drains
and sewers as well as water or soil pollution.
Human hair is a lipophilic substance, meaning it actively absorbs oil while
repelling water. According to Berenger, human hair is a highly effective substance

for cleaning up spills because one kilogram of it can absorb up to eight liters of
oil. Generally speaking, it is not advised to leave oil on for longer than 6 to 8
hours because it could complicate matters. A lot of grime, dust, and debris can be
drawn to the oil and become stuck to your hair. So, washing your hair will require
a lot more work with all of this additional material to remove (People, 2020).
Based on the study of Foo, W.H., et. al. (2021), Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is
considered as one hazardous waste because improper disposal of WCO can cause
significant environmental problems such as blockages of drains and sewers as
well as water or soil pollution. Thanks to the properties of human hair, the
researchers believe that the hair sponge can work with the goal of solving the
problem of waste material going into landfills. Furthermore, human hair is also a
renewable resource we have in abundance. the study not only aims to help the
environment but also use natural resources to reduce pollutants.
McCrory researched and discovered patents that used sheep's wool and
duck feathers that were similar to his invention. However, while in demand for
products like clothes and insulation, duck and wool feathers are not as good at
absorbing moisture as human hair. Some samples of human hair have been found
that are thousands of years old; McCrory believes using it to clean up oil spills
would both put it to work and reduce the amount of waste material going into
landfills. "After doing my research," said McCrory, "I realized I'd found a
commercial use for what's really a waste product. Tons of human hair are cut
every day and thrown into landfills." The energy worth of the collecting bundles
can also be recovered by burning oil-soaked hair bundles as fuel. According to

him, 170,000 gallons of oil leak may potentially be absorbed by 25,000 pounds of
hair placed in nylon collection bags. From the preliminary tests, McCrory's
technique can absorb a gallon of oil in under two minutes. (NASA, 2022)
Thanks to the properties of human hair, the researchers believe that the
hair sponge can work with the goal of solving the problem of waste material going
into landfills. Furthermore, human hair is also a renewable resource we have in
abundance. the study not only aims to help the environment but also use natural
resources to reduce pollutants.
ASSUMPTIONS
1. The weaved human hair sponge can be a feasible material for oil
adsorption.
2. The weaved human hair sponge can be used as a natural alternative and an
effective product in adsorbing oil.
HYPOTHESES
The hypotheses were tested for further analysis of data to answer the
major problem:
1. The weaved human hair sponge is not effective as a natural alternative and
an effective product in adsorbing oil in terms of:

2. There is no significant difference between the commercial kitchen sponge
and the weaved human hair sponge as a natural alternative and an
effective product in collecting oil in terms of:
a. Palm Oil and Crude Oil absorption or adsorption;
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
This research entitled; “Effectiveness of Using Weaved Human Hair
Sponge for Oil Adsorption” focuses on the effectiveness of using a sponge made of
weaved human hair when it comes to adsorbing oil spills. The product is an
output solution where Asian hair is its main component. The chosen variables
used for this study are identified only as waste material and turning such material
to beneficial and productive use.
The study is intended to investigate weaved Asian hair as an alternative for
adsorbing oil spills, its effectivity, and efficiency in adsorbing oil but is limited on
the testing of how much palm oil and crude oil is being adsorbed, how much is its
capacity of usefulness, and how capable it is to be oleophilic. Other strategies and
methods not mentioned during the study will not be included in the
generalization of acquired data. The study will be conducted within the set
timeframe given in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the capstone
project of Columban College – Inc., as the researchers simultaneously engage in
this study along with academic work.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be focused on describing the effectiveness of weaved-hair
sponges for oil adsorption. (1) The findings of this research will be proven helpful
for domestic households' difficulties when it comes to dishwashing. Rinsing off
the oil will be easier, and the consumed water will be less. Another problem this
would eliminate is the clogging of pipes because of oil buildups due to direct
disposal of oil in the sink. (2) Moreover, as oil spill is a long-standing problem
that authorities are working hard on to solve, the goal of this project is to give
them less work to do while still being effective in reducing water pollution and
protecting sea creatures that are harmed by oil spills. (3) This research can also
serve as a guide for students that will take a science-related course's future
investigatory projects in finding sources that are credible and communicating
with the respondent. These will contribute to improving their research skills.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms used in the research were defined constructively and
operationally.
 Adsorption – this term refers to the process by which a solid holds
molecules of a gas or liquid or solute as a thin film.
 Capability – this term refers to the power or ability to do something.
 Capacity – this term refers to the maximum amount that something can
contain.
 Commercial Kitchen Sponge – this term refers to a cleaning aid made
of soft, porous material used to clean kitchen utensils and surfaces.

 Effectiveness – this term refers to the the degree to which something is
successful in producing a desired result; success.
 Feasible – this term refers to something that is possible to do easily or
conveniently.
 Human Hair – this term refers to filaments that grow from hair follicles
in the dermis of the skin.
 Natural Alternative – this term refers to a natural compound or
substance produced by a living organism that is safer and cheaper to use
instead of a commercially produced product.
 Oil – this term refers to unctuous flammable substances that are liquid or
can be liquefied easily on warming are soluble in ether yet not in the water
and end up leaving a greasy stain on paper or cloth.
 Oleophilic – this term refers to a substance that has an affinity for oils
and not for water.
 Sponge – a cleaning aid made of soft, porous material. Typically used for
cleaning impervious surfaces, sponges are especially effective at absorbing
water and water-based solutions.
 Usefulness – this term refers to the quality or fact of being useful.
 Weaved – this term refers to something that is formed by interlacing its
threads, yarns, strands, or strips of some material.
 Weaved Human Hair Sponge – this term refers to human hair that is
weaved and is made into a sponge in order to adsorb oil and oil spills.
Chapter 2
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
The researchers will prepare all the materials needed. All materials are
thoroughly cleaned before use. These are the materials that will be needed for
this study:
(1) Hair is the main component, specifically Asian type of hair, the hair is
used for the main purpose which is adsorption of oil. The researchers gathered
the needed amount of hair from local salons here in Olongapo City. The collected
hair came from the salon’s customers and with the customer’s permission, the
researchers manage to collect the hair with consent. For the storage of the hair,
the researchers used (2) 2 elongated sheer nylon stockings which was bought
from a physical store. The researchers needed to find the exact measurements for
the product testing, so they used a (3) weighing scale that is already available for
them to use. For the product testing the researchers used the following oils: (4) 1
Liter of palm oil and (5) 1 Liter of crude oil. The palm oil is bought from a grocery
store, while the crude oil is already available for the researchers to use. The
researchers also used (6) 2 beakers for them to make sure that the measurements
from the product testing is accurate. (7) A graduated cylinder was also used by
the researchers again for the product testing’s measurement accuracy. For
product testing each of the two oils are mixed with (8) 300ml of tap water.
PRODUCT CREATION
Figure 2: Creation of the Weaved Human Hair Sponge
First, clean the hair by washing it thoroughly with soap and water, and
then let it dry after. Second, using the weighing scale, weigh the collected hair
until it reaches 30 grams. Third, put the hair on a flat surface and weave it using a
comb until the hair strands are stuck together. Fourth, prepare the elongated
sheer stockings and stuff them with the weighted hair. Fifth, once it is all in, tie
the ends into a secure knot then wrap it up again with the stockings two more
times so some strands of hair will not fall out of the stockings. Sixth, cut the
excess ends of the stockings.
PRODUCT TESTING
Physicochemical Test
The Physicochemical Test allows the researchers to study the
characteristics of their independent variable, which is human hair, to verify its
level of performance and that it complies with standards before it can be declared
as a natural alternative and effective product in adsorbing oil.
The efficiency, capacity, and ability of being oleophilic of the weaved
human hair sponge was tested using different set ups.
1. Efficiency of Weaved Human Hair Sponge in Adsorbing Oil

a. A graduated cylinder, two beakers, weighing scale, one (1) liter of palm
oil, and one (1) liter of crude oil were prepared.
b. In a smaller scale, 30 grams of hair were weighed.
c. The independent variable is arranged in a system wherein the oil
samples (palm oil and crude oil) will be poured.
d. Beakers were used to measure 150 mL of each oil samples (palm oil
and crude oil).
e. In terms of transmitting and knowing the amount of oil adsorbed, the
graduated cylinder will be prepared and used.
f. The weaved human hair sponge will go through several trials but with
new sets of variables. Different tests will be accomplished by having
separate set ups for palm oil and crude oil.
2. Adsorptive Capacity of Human Hair as a component of Human Weaved
Hair Sponge.
c. The independent variable is arranged in a system wherein the oil
samples (palm oil and crude oil) will be poured.
d. Beakers were used to measure 150 mL of each oil samples (palm oil
and crude oil).
e. In terms of transmitting and knowing the amount of oil adsorbed, the
graduated cylinder will be prepared and used.

f. The Weaved Human Hair Sponge will go through several trials with
same set of variables to distinguish the adsorptive capacity of the
product. Different tests will be accomplished by having separate set ups
for palm oil and crude oil.
3. Capability of being Oleophilic of Human Hair as a component of Weaved
Human Hair Sponge.
c. The weaved human hair sponge is arranged wherein it represents the
smaller scale of the product.
d. 150mL of water and 150mL of oil sample (palm oil and crude oil) were
measured using a beaker, and later, were placed in a clear container.
e. The weaved human hair sponge was recovered once the constant time
(seven mins.) given were consumed.
f. The Weaved Human Hair Sponge will go through different set ups to
prove oleophilic capability of the product. Different tests will be
accomplished by having separate set ups for palm oil and crude oil.
4. The Weaved Human Hair Sponge’s efficiency to adsorb were determined
in the Subic Bay Colleges, Inc. Chemistry Laboratory at #2 & 3 – 18 th
Street, West Bajac-Bajac, Olongapo City, Zambales.
5. Proper Disposal of Palm Oil, Crude Oil, and Residues of the Product.
a. Palm Oil and Crude Oil were disposed by putting into secured
container labelled as waste oil. The waste oils were taken to a local
household recycling site for safe disposal.
b. The independent variable (human hair) that has been used for testing
the product for various testing was placed in a clear plastic bag, the
variable was washed with clean water. After cleaning the product, the
variable was placed in a soil that was dug into a hole for the segregation
of the product.
Comparison between control and experimental groups
The researchers will gather two types of oil, specifically palm oil and crude
oil. The researchers will then put the commercial kitchen sponge to test by testing
its efficiency, capacity, and ability to be oleophilic when it comes to its absorption
of the oil samples (palm oil and crude oil). After that, the researchers will
compare the gathered data from the testing of the weaved human hair sponge
and the commercial kitchen sponge and will then determine whether there is a
significant difference between the results.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution (%), to encapsulate the
detail of how much oil is adsorbed by the weaved human hair sponge.
2. T-Test
a. Paired Sample T-Test

The paired sample t-test, sometimes called the dependent sample t-test, is a
statistical procedure used to determine whether the mean difference between two
sets of observation is zero (Paired Sample T-Test, n.d.). In a paired sample t-test,
each subject or entity is measure twice, resulting in pairs of observation. In this
study, the researchers will be utilizing this instrument to check if there is a
significant difference in the adsorption of the weaved human hair sponge when it
comes to adsorbing the two types of oil (palm oil and crude oil).
X̄ diff −0 S diff
Formula: t= ; S X̄ =
S X̄ √n
Where:
X̄ diff = Sample mean of the differences
N = Sample size (i.e., number of observations)
Sdiff = Sample standard deviation of the differences
SX̄ = Estimated standard error of the mean (s/sqrt(n))
b. Independent T-Test
The independent t-test, also called the two-sample t-test, independent-
samples t-test or student’s test, is an inferential statistical test that determines
whether there is a statistically significant difference between the mean in two
unrelated groups (Independent T-Test for Two Samples, n.d.). In this study, the
researchers will be utilizing this instrument to check if there is a significant
difference between the commercial kitchen sponge and the weaved human hair
sponge in terms of its absorption or adsorption for oil.

X̄ 1− X̄ 2
√
2 2
t= ( n1 −1 ) s 1+ ( n2−1 ) s 2
Formula:
sp
√ 1 1 ; s p=
+
n1 n2
n1+ n2−2
Where:
X̄ 1 = Mean of first sample
X̄ 2 = Mean of second sample
n1 = Sample size of first sample
n2 = Sample size of second sample
s1 = Standard deviation of the first sample
s2 = Standard deviation of second sample
sp = Pooled standard deviation

Collection and
Cleaning of
Safety Precautions Preparation of
Human Hair
Materials
Testing the
Effectiveness of Preparation of the
Interpretation of the Weaved Weaved Human
Data Human Hair Hair Sponge
Sponge
Figure 3: Methodology of Weaved Human Hair Sponge
Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1. Efficiency of Weaved Human Hair Sponge in Adsorbing Oil

VARIABLE MASS TEST VOLUME DIFFERENCE (mL)
(grams) TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
WEAVED 30 PALM OIL 127 84.7% 126 84% 126 84%
HUMAN HAIR (150 mL)
SPONGE
CRUDE OIL 135 90% 134 89.3% 135.5 90.3%
(150 mL)
Table 1 shows the ability of Weaved Human Hair Sponge in adsorbing oil.
The researchers weighed the independent variable (hair) 30 grams as a standard
mass and were put in two different containers for the two types of oil (palm oil
and crude oil).
The product was put in a container to see the efficiency on adsorbing the
oil and tested in three trials to see the capability of the Weaved Human Hair
Sponge.
Palm oil was first tested, with the volume of 150mL that was poured into
the independent variable. In Trial 1, after the palm oil was poured, 127 mL of
palm oil with a percentage of 84.7% was adsorbed. Same procedure was done
throughout the remaining trials. In Trial 2 and Trial 3, 126 mL of palm oil with a
percentage of 84% was adsorbed. The second oil that was tested was crude oil,
with the same procedure and same measurement done throughout the three
trials. In Trial 1, 135 mL of crude oil with a percentage of 90% was adsorbed, Trial
2 adsorbed 134 mL with a percentage of 89.3 % of crude oil and 135.5 mL with a
percentage of 90.3% of crude oil was adsorbed in Trial 3.
From gathered results, the Weaved Human Hair Sponge was concluded as
an efficient product for adsorbing oil.
Table 1a. Paired Samples T-Test

statistic df p Effect
Size
Palm Oil Crude Oil Student’s -17.0 2.00 0.003 Cohen’s d -9.81
t
Table 1b. Descriptives

N Mean Median SD SE
Palm Oil 3 126 126 0.577 0.333
Crude Oil 3 135 135 0.764 0.441
This study is conducted to determine if there is a significant difference in
the adsorption of the weaved human hair when it comes to adsorbing palm oil
and crude oil. A paired samples t-test was utilized since the researchers utilized a
within-subjects design. Results revealed that the scores obtained in adsorption of
crude oil (M = 135, s = 0.764) was significantly higher compared to the scores
obtained in adsorption of palm oil (M = 126, s = 0.577), t(2.00) = -17.0, p < 0.01,
d = -9.81. With these results, it can be argued that the weaved human hair sponge
is efficient in adsorbing crude oil compared to palm oil.
Table 2. Capacity of Weaved Human Hair Sponge in Adsorbing Oil

(grams) RUN 1 RUN 2 RUN 3 RUN RUN
4 5
WEAVED 30 PALM OIL 127 84.7% 18 12% 5 3.3% - - - -

HUMAN (150 mL)
HAIR
CRUDE 135 90% 15 10% - - - - - -
SPONGE
OIL
(150 mL)
The oil adsorption capacity of the Weaved Human Hair Sponge is
illustrated in Table 2. The experiment tested the oil adsorption capacity by using
a smaller scale of the product in measuring the amount of oil that does not get
adsorbed through the graduated cylinder and also by counting the trials in oil
adsorption until there is no sign of drops of oil that can be seen. The independent
variable has a total of 30 grams.
As it reaches a maximum value at 150mL, it can be seen that the product
had 3 trials on adsorbing palm oil showing the capability of the product to adsorb
the oil over time. The data are consistent since the amount of adsorbed oil
decreases until there is none left. Among the trials, the highest adsorbed amount
of palm oil is 127 mL with a percentage of 84.7% while the lowest adsorbed
amount is 5 mL with a percentage of 3.3%. It is also showed in Table 2 that when
it comes to adsorbing the crude oil, the product only had two trials wherein it
shows the maximum adsorption capacity of the product. The data are also
consistent wherein it is decreasing unceasingly. Among the trials, the highest
adsorbed amount of crude oil is 135 mL with a percentage of 90% while the
lowest adsorbed amount is 15 mL with a percentage of 10%.
The test showed that the product has a higher adsorption capacity in crude
oil than palm oil in terms of comparing the number of trials and the higher
amount of oil that was adsorbed. This proves that the Weaved Human Hair
Sponge has a wide-ranging capacity in adsorbing oil over time, specifically crude
oil.
Table 2a. Paired Samples T-Test

Size
Palm Oil Crude Oil Student’s 0.00 2.00 1.000 Cohen’s d 0.00
t
Table 2b. Descriptives

N Mean Median SD SE
Palm Oil 3 50.0 18.0 67.0 38.7
Crude Oil 3 50.0 15.0 74.0 42.7
This study is conducted to determine if there is a significant difference in
the adsorption of the weaved human hair when it comes to adsorbing palm oil
and crude oil. A paired samples t-test was utilized since the researchers utilized a
within-subjects design. Results revealed that the scores obtained in adsorption of
palm oil (M = 50.0, s = 67.0) was equal to the scores obtained in adsorption of
crude oil (M = 50.0, s = 74.0), t(2.00) = 0.00, p > 0.10, d = 0.00. With these
results, it can be argued that the adsorption of palm oil and crude oil by the
weaved human hair sponge when it comes to its capacity has no significant
difference.
Table 3. Ability of Weaved Human Hair Sponge to Solely Adsorb Oil

VARIABLE MASS TEST Oil Adsorption Water Adsorption
(grams) Remaining %VOL Remaining %VOL
WEAVED 30 SOLUTION 4o mL 73.3% 150 mL 0%
HUMAN (300 mL):
HAIR PALM OIL

SPONGE (150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
(grams) Remainin %VOL Remainin %VOL
g g
WEAVED 30 SOLUTION 110 mL 26.7% 150 mL 0%
HUMAN (300 mL):
HAIR CRUDE OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
Table 3 shows the adsorption capability of the Weaved Human Hair
Sponge in oil. The independent variable was weighed 30 g and was first tested to
palm oil and water solution with the volume of 300 mL to determine the amount
of oil and water that was adsorbed by the product. 73.3% of palm oil and 0% of
water were adsorbed by the product. Another sample product of the Weaved
Human Hair Sponge was then tested to crude oil and water solution with the
volume of 300 mL to determine the amount of oil and water that was adsorbed by
the product. 26.7% of crude oil and 0% of water were adsorbed by the product.
These findings prove that the Weaved Human Hair Sponge would only adsorb oil
present in the spillage.
Comparison Between Control and Experimental Groups: Significant
Difference Between the Commercial Kitchen Sponge and the Weaved
Human Hair Sponge as a Natural Alternative and Effective Product in
Collecting Oil
Table 4. Palm Oil and Crude Oil absorption or adsorption

COMMERCIAL 30 PALM OIL 70 46.7% 75 50% 73 48.7%
KITCHEN (150 mL)
SPONGE
CRUDE 65 43.3% 66 44% 64 42.7%
OIL
(150 mL)
WEAVED 30 PALM OIL 127 84.7% 126 84% 126 84%
HUMAN HAIR (150 mL)
SPONGE
CRUDE 135 90% 134 89.3% 135.5 90.3%
OIL
(150 mL)
Table 4 shows the ability of Commercial Kitchen Sponge and Weaved
Human Hair Sponge in collecting oil. The researchers weighed both of the
independent variable 30 grams as a standard mass and were put in two different
containers each for the two types of oil (palm oil and crude oil).
The product was put in a container to see the efficiency on absorbing the
oil and tested in three trials to see the capability of the Commercial Kitchen
Sponge.
Palm oil was first tested, with the volume of 150mL that was poured into
the independent variable. In Trial 1, after the palm oil was poured, 70 mL of palm
oil with a percentage of 46.7% was absorbed. Same procedure was done
throughout the remaining trials. In Trial 2, 75 mL of palm oil with a percentage of
50% was absorbed and 73 mL of palm oil with a percentage of 48.7% was
absorbed in Trial 3. The second oil that was tested was crude oil, with the same
procedure and same measurement done throughout the three trials. In Trial 1, 65
mL of crude oil with a percentage of 43.3% was adsorbed, Trial 2 adsorbed 66 mL
with a percentage of 44 % of crude oil and 64 mL with a percentage of 42.7% of
crude oil was adsorbed in Trial 3.
From gathered results, the Weaved Human Hair Sponge was concluded as
a more efficient product for collecting oil compared to the Commercial Kitchen
Sponge.
Table 4a. Independent Samples T-Test

Size
Palm Oil and Crude Student’s t -23.2 10.0 <.001 Cohen’s -13.4
Oil adsorption d
Table 4b. Group Descriptives

N Mean Median SD SE
Palm Oil Commercial 6 68.8 68.0 4.54 1.85
and Crude Kitchen
Oil Sponge
adsorption
Weaved 6 131 135 4.69 1.92
Human
Hair
Sponge
This study is conducted to determine if there is a significant difference
between the commercial kitchen sponge and the weaved human hair sponge as a
natural alternative and effective product in collecting oil. An independent
samples t-test was utilized. Results revealed that the scores obtained in
adsorption of the weaved human hair sponge (M = 131, s = 4.69) was significantly
higher compared to the scores obtained in adsorption of the commercial kitchen
sponge (M = 68.8, s = 4.54), t(10.0) = -23.2, p < .001, d = -13.4. With these
results, it can be argued that there is a significant difference between the
commercial kitchen sponge and the weaved human hair sponge when it comes to
its efficiency in collecting oil.
Table 5. Capacity of its usefulness

(grams) RUN 1 RUN 2 RUN 3 RUN 4 RUN
5
COMMERCIAL 30 PALM 70 46.7% 50 33.3% 30 20% - - - -
KITCHEN OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
CRUDE 65 43.3% 45 30% 30 20% 10 6.7% - -
OIL
(150 mL)
5
WEAVED 30 PALM 127 84.7% 18 12% 5 3.3% - - - -
HUMAN HAIR OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
CRUDE 135 90% 15 10% - - - - - -
OIL
(150 mL)
The oil absorption or adsorption capacity of the Commercial Kitchen
Sponge and Weaved Human Hair Sponge is illustrated in Table 5. The
experiment tested the oil absorption or adsorption capacity by using a smaller
scale of the product in measuring the amount of oil that does not get absorbed or
adsorbed through the graduated cylinder and also by counting the trials in oil
absorption or adsorption until there is no sign of drops of oil that can be seen.
The independent variables have a total of 30 grams.
As it reaches a maximum value at 150mL, it can be seen that the
commercial kitchen sponge had 3 trials on absorbing palm oil showing the
capability of the control group to absorb the oil over time. The data are consistent
since the amount of absorbed oil decreases until there is none left. Among the
trials, the highest absorbed amount of palm oil is 70 mL with a percentage of
46.7% while the lowest absorbed amount is 30 mL with a percentage of 20%. It is
also showed in Table 5 that when it comes to absorbing the crude oil, the control
group had four trials wherein it shows the maximum absorption capacity of the
product. The data are also consistent wherein it is decreasing unceasingly.
Among the trials, the highest absorbed amount of crude oil is 65 mL with a
percentage of 43.3% while the lowest absorbed amount is 10 mL with a
percentage of 6.7%.
The test showed that the Commercial Kitchen Sponge has a higher
absorption capacity in palm oil than crude oil in terms of comparing the number
of trials and the higher amount of oil that was adsorbed. Furthermore, this proves
that the Commercial Kitchen Sponge has a lower capacity in collecting oil over
time, compared to the Weaved Human Hair Sponge.
Table 6. Capability of being Oleophilic

COMMERCIAL 30 SOLUTION 100 mL 26.7% 130 mL 13.3%
KITCHEN (300 mL):
SPONGE PALM OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
KITCHEN (300 mL):
SPONGE CRUDE OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)

HUMAN HAIR (300 mL):
SPONGE PALM OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
SPONGE CRUDE OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
Table 6 shows the absorption or adsorption capability of the Commercial
Kitchen Sponge and Weaved Human Hair Sponge in oil. The independent
variables were weighed 30 grams and were first tested to palm oil and water
solution with the volume of 300 mL to determine the amount of oil and water
that were absorbed or adsorbed by the product. 26.7% of palm oil and 13.3% of
water were absorbed by the product. Another sample product of the Commercial
Kitchen Sponge was then tested to crude oil and water solution with the volume
of 300 mL to determine the amount of oil and water that was absorbed by the
control group. 16.7% of crude oil and 26.7% of water were absorbed by the
product. These findings prove that the Commercial Kitchen Sponge would both
absorb oil and water present in the spillage, while the Weaved Human Hair
Sponge would only absorb oil in the spillage.

Chapter 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The effectiveness of using a weaved human hair sponge for oil adsorption
has been studied by researchers, and the results show that this material has a lot
of potential as an effective way to reduce oil spills in every household's kitchen
sink and save the marine environment. According to the findings, the sponge
made of human hair is great at adsorbing oil, making it useful for cleaning it from
contaminated water surfaces.
In accordance with the study, the weaved human hair sponge has a
significant surface area and high porosity, both of which contribute to its
improved ability to adsorb oil. The weight of the oil can be adsorbed almost five
times over. Additionally, it has been shown to be oleophilic, meaning that it only
adsorbs oil and repels water. Its oleophilic characteristic makes it an ideal
substance for cleaning up oil spills because it can draw and hold oil while
resisting water.
Furthermore, the weaved human hair sponge exhibits longevity in its
adsorptive characteristics, keeping its efficacy over time, but don't hold out much
hope that it will last long enough. However, the disposal of the weaved human
hair sponge is not really a problem because it can decay because hair and oil are
excellent nitrogen sources is not really a problem because it can decay because
hair and oil are excellent sources of nitrogen for your land. The findings show
that the sponge maintains its oil adsorption ability even after numerous cycles of
use, giving it a practical and long-lasting option for oil spill remediation. It is
affordable since its components are readily available, even at your home.
shows that it is oleophilic, which qualifies it as a good material for cleaning up oil
spills.
The results of this study demonstrate the enormous potential of using
weaved human hair sponge as a useful and environmentally friendly substitute
for commercial sponges made of plastic for oil adsorption. By using the weaved
human hair sponge, you can protect marine life and coastal ecosystems from
damage caused by oil spills that might happen in many people's homes.
Using weaved human hair sponges as an effective and sustainable
approach for oil adsorption is highly supported by the study, offering a promising
solution to the problems caused by oil spills and their negative effects on the
environment. The formulation of efficient plans for responding to oil spills and
protecting the environment may be aided by additional research and the use of
this technology.
Recommendation
It is recommended that preparation of the Hair Sponge for oil absorption
should be done through further modifications.
1. Use a better-quality nylon stocking or a recycled plastic mesh that can
still be used for a long time. With a non-absorbing material for storage,
it lessens the water content being accidentally absorbed with the hair
sponge.
2. The hair sponge is much more effective or efficient if it is being used in
larger bodies of water like oil spills in the ocean.
3. To achieve a higher efficiency rate, the researchers recommend
improving the weaving process of the hair sponge.
4. The hair sponge works best with strong oils like crude oil, gasoline oil,
etc.
5. The researchers recommend having a proper way of disposal with the
hair sponge.
REFERENCES
Butler, R. (2010, May 2). Human hair offers an eco-friendly way to battle the Gulf
oil spill. Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved December 11, 2022,
from https://news.mongabay.com/2010/05/human-hair-offers-eco-
friendly-way-to-battle-gulf-oil-spill/
Kusuma, N., & N. (2022, March 8). Hair vs. Oil Spill, for the Environment -
Green Network Asia. Green Network Asia. Retrieved December 11, 2022,
from https://greennetwork.asia/news/hair-vs-oil-for-the-environment/
Leerunyakul, & Suchonwanit. (2020, April 24). Asian Hair: A Review of
Structures, Properties, and Distinctive Disorders. Dovepress, 2020(13),
309–318. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S247390
National Aeronautics And Space Administration. (1998, April 24). NASA Tests
Hair-Raising Technique To Clean Up Oil Spills. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
December 23, 2022 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980424032349.htm
Petro Online. (2020, September 7). Why is Human Hair Good for Oil Spills?
Petro Online. Retrieved December 26, 2022, from https://www.petro-
online.com/news/analytical-instrumentation/11/breaking-news/why-is-
human-hair-good-for-oil-spills/53166
Phillips, L., & Pagnucco. (2018, May). Australian Research on Human Hair as an
Oil Spill Sorbent. Matter of Trust. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from
https://matteroftrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Australian-
Research-on-Human-Hair-as-an-Oil-Spill-Sorbent.pdf
Ukotije-Ikwut, Idogun, Iriakuma, Aseminaso, & Obomanu. (2016, August). A
Novel Method for Adsorption using Human Hair as a Natural Oil Spill
Sorbent. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(8).
https://doi.org/2229-5518
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the Almighty God for showering
His blessings throughout the journey in order for the researchers to complete the
research paper successfully. Without His blessings, the achievement would not
have been possible. Challenges and struggles are not a burden, but an
opportunity to grow and develop more. Without Him, the researchers would not
be able to come this far.
The researchers would like to acknowledge the efforts and cooperation of

each member of the group who provided time and effort to accomplish this
research paper. Even though each one of these students have their own schedules
and routines when it comes to blended learning, they were still able to pursue and
achieve the common goal, which is to finish the qualitative research paper. At a
time where we are living in a world that is dealing with a pandemic, it is greatly
appreciated that each member were able to lend time for creating this research
study, especially when it is guaranteed that everyone has their own different and
personal agendas.
Also, the researchers wish to extend their special thanks to Dr. John Den
Saul Dalan, their Research Subject Instructor, and Mr. Jerome Dannielle Uy,
their III Subject Instructor, by providing support and guidance when it comes to
achieving this research study. It is a great honor and privilege to learn and work
under their classes.
Last but certainly not least, Group 2 - Set A would like to give their deepest
gratitude to the authors of the references they have gathered for this research
paper. Without these authors, the researchers would have a hard time gaining
knowledge for their research paper’s topic.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – LIST OF FIGURES

Appendix A1.
Independent Variable INPUT Dependent Variable

Weaved Human Hair Sponge and Efficiency of the Product as Oil Adsorbing
Sponge in terms of:
Commercial Kitchen Sponge d. Palm Oil and Crude Oil
adsorption;
e. Capacity of its usefulness; and
f. Capability of being Oleophilic.
Controlled Variable
Amount of Weaved Human Hair and Volume of Oil
PROCESS
Preparation of Materials
Product Creation
Product Testing
Statistical Analysis
OUTPUT
Effectiveness of Weaved Human Hair Sponge for Oil Adsorption
Appendix A2.
Appendix A3.
Appendix A4.
Appendix A5.
Appendix A6.
Appendix A7.
Appendix A8.
Appendix A9.
Appendix A10.
Appendix A11.
Appendix A12.
Appendix A13.
Appendix A14.
Appendix A15.
Appendix A16.
APPENDIX B – LIST OF TABLES
Appendix B1.

WEAVED 30 PALM OIL 127 84.7% 126 84% 126 84%
HUMAN HAIR (150 mL)
SPONGE
CRUDE OIL 135 90% 134 89.3% 135.5 90.3%
(150 mL)
Appendix B2.
Size
t
Appendix B3.
Size
t
Appendix B4.
N Mean Median SD SE
Palm Oil 3 126 126 0.577 0.333
Crude Oil 3 135 135 0.764 0.441
Appendix B5.

(grams) RUN 1 RUN 2 RUN 3 RUN RUN
4 5
WEAVED 30 PALM OIL 127 84.7% 18 12% 5 3.3% - - - -
HUMAN (150 mL)
HAIR
CRUDE 135 90% 15 10% - - - - - -
SPONGE
OIL
(150 mL)
Appendix B6.
Size
Palm Oil Crude Oil Student’s 0.00 2.00 1.000 Cohen’s d 0.00
t
Appendix B7.
N Mean Median SD SE
Palm Oil 3 50.0 18.0 67.0 38.7
Crude Oil 3 50.0 15.0 74.0 42.7
Appendix B8.

HUMAN (300 mL):
HAIR PALM OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
(grams) Remainin %VOL Remainin %VOL
g g
HUMAN (300 mL):
HAIR CRUDE OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
Appendix B9.

COMMERCIAL 30 PALM OIL 70 46.7% 75 50% 73 48.7%
KITCHEN (150 mL)
SPONGE
CRUDE 65 43.3% 66 44% 64 42.7%
OIL
(150 mL)
WEAVED 30 PALM OIL 127 84.7% 126 84% 126 84%
HUMAN HAIR (150 mL)
SPONGE CRUDE 135 90% 134 89.3% 135.5 90.3%

OIL
(150 mL)
Appendix B10.
Size
Palm Oil and Crude Student’s t -23.2 10.0 <.001 Cohen’s -13.4
Oil adsorption d
Appendix B11.
N Mean Median SD SE
Palm Oil Commercial 6 68.8 68.0 4.54 1.85
and Crude Kitchen
Oil Sponge
adsorption
Weaved 6 131 135 4.69 1.92
Human
Hair
Sponge
Appendix B12.

5
COMMERCIAL 30 PALM 70 46.7% 50 33.3% 30 20% - - - -
KITCHEN OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
CRUDE 65 43.3% 45 30% 30 20% 10 6.7% - -
OIL
(150 mL)
5
WEAVED 30 PALM 127 84.7% 18 12% 5 3.3% - - - -
HUMAN HAIR OIL
SPONGE (150 mL)
CRUDE 135 90% 15 10% - - - - - -
OIL
(150 mL)
Appendix B13.

KITCHEN (300 mL):
SPONGE PALM OIL

(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
KITCHEN (300 mL):
SPONGE CRUDE OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
SPONGE PALM OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
SPONGE CRUDE OIL
(150 mL)
WATER (150
mL)
APPENDIX C – COST ANALYSIS
MATERIALS QUANTITY PRICE PER TOTAL PRICE

UNIT
Sheer Nylon 2 pcs Php. 25.00 Php. 50.00
Stockings
Human Hair 500 g FREE FREE
Kitchen Sponge 1 pc FREE FREE
Palm Oil 500 g Php. 100.00 Php. 100.00
Crude Oil 500 g FREE FREE
GRAND TOTAL: Php. 150.00
CURRICULUM VITAE
Lot 11, Blk. 8, Esteban St., Salcedo Village, Sta. Rita, Olongapo City, Zambales
Mobile: +63 966 692 6862
Email: Yzabely19@gmail.com
Course to take: Within the medical field
Purok 1, Brgy. Linasin, San Marcelino, Zambales
Mobile: +63 909 055 6071
Email: gieannejorgecababaro@gmail.com
Course to take: BS in Medical Technology
YZA NICOLE CAÑAS
Lot 21, Blk. 3, Sta. Monica Subd., Brgy. Sto. Tomas, Subic, Zambales
Mobile: +63 961 461 8785
Email: yzanicole20@gmail.com
Course to take: BS in Psychology
JESSIE MAE P. DABU
#31-A, 12th St., New Kalalake, Olongapo City, Zambales
Mobile: +63 977 332 1195
Email: dabujessie02@gmail.com
Course to take: BS in Psychology
#2-22nd St., Brgy. West Bajac-Bajac, Olongapo City, Zambales
Mobile: +63 928 272 0251
Email: julianajulian124@gmail.com
Course to take: BS in Medical Technology

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COLUMBAN COLLEGE, INC.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEAVED

MARIA YZABEL P. BELTRAN

An Investigatory Project Proposal Submitted

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEAVED

MARIA YZABEL P. BELTRAN

STEM 12 – St. Nicasius of Reims

MR. JEROME DANNIELLE UY

Keywords: Physical Science, Oil Adsorption, Experimental Research Design,

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

Background of the Study 1

Review of Related Literature and Studies 2

Statement of the Problem 6

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 8

Scope and Delimitations 12

Significance of the Study 13

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 16

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24

4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 34

2 Creation of the Weaved Human Hair Sponge 17

3 Methodology of Weaved Human Hair Sponge 23

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

use of cooking oil, particularly in households. The majority of individuals choose

spills and scrape-off oil greases.

The product’s main component is human hair. Human hair is particularly

receptor gene, considerably influence this hair's cross-sectional area

oil is purely physical and no chemical binding is created.

will be sought to answer whether it can help adsorb oil spills.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Advantages of human hair as an adsorbent for oil spills

accompanied by environmental difficulties caused by oil spills. There are

significant financial cost. As a result, it is critical to the transition to ecologically

friendly and cost-effective technologies.

7470, 6176, and 5246mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of adsorption resulted in a

satisfactory fit in a pseudo-second-order model, showing that the manner of

adsorption is exothermic and regulated by a chemisorption process. The isotherm

the experimental data. A comparison of the maximum adsorption capacity of

various adsorbents revealed that human hair outperformed organoclay, rice

based non-woven material. As a result, human hair can be transformed into a

Ikwut, P. R., et. Al., 2016).

Human Hair as an Oil Spill Sorbent

An environmental group is organizing the collection of human hair from

of Mexico last month. In 1989, Phillip McCrory, a hairstylist in Madison,

one experiment, according to Ned Rozell of the University of Alaska Fairbanks'

Geophysical Institute, they filtered 40 gallons of water and 15 gallons of oil

employed as a low-cost oil "absorbent." Booms, skimmers, chemical dispersants,

spills (Butler, R., 2010).

Hair vs. Oil Spill

Oil spills have long-term health consequences for marine organisms,

ranging from severe illness and injury to an increased chance of death.

or accidentally spilled, they constitute a major pollution hazard to the

environment, necessitating a rapid and effective emergency response. Sorbent

also showed more variation in oil adsorption performance, which is presumably

due to the non-homogeneous nature of mixed human hair. Despite being

materials; nevertheless, mat-type hair adsorbents may offer a potential approach

uniform and increasing water displacement. Alternatively, adding highly buoyant

afloat on the surface (Phillips, M., & Pagnucco R., 2018).

Traditionally, booms and barriers constructed of polypropylene, an oil

hydrophobic (repels water) and biosorbent (collects contaminants, like oil). It is

also a renewable resource. According to a University of Technology Sydney study,

fundamental concept is to turn hair clippings that would otherwise go to waste