Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe jk Skokzukae [oivkrsijej Xkjenýnime

Kxpkrigkotea
Iostitutf Auçs Dkatråo jk Derquisigktf
Xriktf Cinukrfe Jirkmmiýo jk Xfstnrejf
Gekstrçe ko Kjumemiýo Egdikotk y
Jkserrfaaf

IOCFTGK ]FDTK AE ]EA[J KO DETU[I]IGKZF

Iotknreotks0
Iojlire Nfozåakz
Gerisfa Ernukaaks

Derquisigktf, 485<
 IOZTFJ[MMIÝO

Ks jk nreo rkakveomie ka kstujif jk ae seauj ko Derquisigktf e trevés jk ae

kotrkviste, pfrquk kste emtivijej rkakve sinoicimejfs y rkaemifoks jk tfjfs afs
kakgkotfs çotigegkotk mfrrkaemifoejfs. Ejkgås ae gisge kovukavk jk cfrge
prftenýoime e tfjfs afs quk sk iotkrksko ko su k`kmumiýo (teotf afs
kotr
kotrkv
kvis
iste
tejf
jfrk
rkss mfgf
mfgf kotr
kotrkv
kvis
iste
tejf
jfs)
s),, frin
frinio
ioeo
eojf
jf uoe
uoe io
iovk
vkst
stin
inem
emiý
iýoo
pertimipetive, muyf fd`ktivf ks afnrer ae iotkrvkomiýo egkoe y rkspfosedak jk
tfjfs sus emtfrks, mfo ka cio jk prfpimier cioeagkotk uoe emtivijej kjumetive
quk afnrk fdtkokr afs rksuatejfs kspkrejfs. Esç gisgf sk prktkojk tfger ko
mukote y jkserrfaaer tfjf af mfomkroikotk e ae seauj y pfstkrifrgkotk iotknrer e
tfjf ka nrupf jk cfrge emtive y jirkmte.
Xrfpfrm
Xrfpfrmifo
ifoeojf
eojf ae eprk
eprklkos
lkosiýo
iýo jk mfo
mfofmi
fmigik
gikotf
otfss quk pkrgit
pkrgiteo
eo iomiji
iomijirr
kcim
kcimez
ezgk
gkot
otkk ko ae prfg
prfgfm
fmiý
iýoo jk ae se
seau
aujj y mf
mfot
otri
ridu
duir
ir jirk
jirkmt
mteg
egko
kotk
tk f
iojirkmtegk
iojirkmtegkotk
otk ko ae sfaumiýo jk afs gðatipaks
gðatipaks prfdakges jk seauj quk pejkmk
ae pfdaemiýo, ko kspkmiea afs oiõfs y eomieofs.Xfr ftrf aejf ks igpfrteotk
gkomifoer quk ka kstejf jk seauj iojivijuea jkpkojk ko nreo geokre jk ae
seauj mfakmtive y jk su gkjif sfmifmuaturea, ko muyf kstejf jk dikokster jkdk
pertimiper tfjf miujejeof jk cfrge mfosmikotk y emtive. Ks pfr kaaf quk ae
Frneoizemiýo Guojiea jk ae ]eauj jkmaere ae seauj iotknrea mfgf0 ka mfgpaktf
kstejf jk dikokster cçsimf, gkotea y sfmiea jka iojivijuf y of sfaf ae euskomie
jk kockrgkjej. Frneoizemiýo Guojiea jk ae ]eauj (FG]) (59:3).
Jka gisgf gfjf ae Mfostitu
Mfostitumiýo
miýo jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaive
Dfaiverieoe
rieoe kstedakm
kstedakmkk ko
su ertçmuaf <=0 quk ae seauj ks uo jkrkmlf cuojegkotea, fdainemiýo jka Kstejf,
quk af nereotizerå mfgf pertk jka jkrkmlf jk ae vije. Ka kstejf prfgfvkrå y

jkserrfa
jkserrfaaer
aeree pfa
pfaçti
çtimes
mes fri
frikot
koteje
ejess e kakver
kakver ae meaije
meaijejj jk vije,
vije, ka dikokst
dikokster
er
mfakmtivf y ka emmksf e afs skrvimifs. Mfostitumiýo jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe
jk Skokzukae (5999), esç tegdiéo cuojegkote ko su ertçmuaf <:0 quk pere
nereo
nereoti
tize
zerr ka jkrkm
jkrkmlf
lf e ae seauj,
seauj, ka ks
kste
tejf
jf mr
mrker
kerå,
å, k`
k`krm
krmkr
kråå ae rk
rkmt
mtfr
frçe
çe y
nkstifoerå uo sistkge pðdaimf oemifoea jk seauj, jk meråmtkr iotkrskmtfriea,
jksmkotreaizejf y pertimipetivf iotknrejf ea sistkge jk sknurijej sfmiea.
Ka sistkge pðdaimf jerå prifrijej e ae prfgfmiýo jk aes kockrgkjejks,
nereoti
nereotizeo
zeojf
jf tre
treteg
tegiko
ikotf
tf fpfrtuo
fpfrtuoff y rkledi
rklediait
aitemi
emiýo
ýo jk mea
meaije
ijej.
j. (MTDS)
(MTDS),,
(5999). Xfr ftre pertk kstk iostrugkotf jk iovkstinemiýo prfpfrmifoe uoe cfrge
emkrteje jk mfomkdir y tresaejer ka mfofmigikotf mikotçcimf quk rkspeaje ae
igpfrt
igpfrteomi
eomiee y sinoic
sinoicime
imejf
jf jk uoe kst
kstret
retkni
kniee ea eameom
eameomkk jk afs iotknre
iotknreotk
otkss
iovfaumrejfs jirkmtegkotk mfo afs prfdakges jk seauj, y pfr kojk mfojumk e
nreo pertk jk su sfaumiýo. Eotk kstk frjko jk ijkes ae aky frnåoime jk seauj
(SKT GEO[EA [XKA) ko su ertçmuaf 5, ougkrea = prfpfok ka priomipif jk
pertimipemiýo0 Afs miujejeofs iojivijueagkotk f ko sus frneoizemifoks
mfguoiteries jkdko prkskrver su seauj, pertimiper ko ae prfnregemiýo jk afs
skrvimifs jk prfgfmiýo y seokegikotf egdikotea.
 FD@KZISF]

Fd`ktivf Nkokrea0

Eoeaizer aes kstrumtures y cuomiýo jka sistkge jk seauj ko Derquisigktf, y

afs prfmksfs quk iocauyko ko ae iotkremmiýo kotrk ka lfgdrk y ka egdikotk esç
mfgf sus rkpkrmusifoks ko ae meaijej jk vije jka miujejeof.

Fd`ktivfs Kspkmçcimfs

-Jienofstimer aes okmksijejks kstrumtureaks y jk cuomifoegikotf jka sistkge

jk seauj ko Derquisigktf.
(K]ZF OF C[K FD@KZISF JK ][ ZTEDE@F)
-Fdtkokr iocfrgemiýo emtueaizeje jk ae situemiýo emtuea jk aes iostitumifoks y
skrvimifs, quk mfotrfae ka skmtfr seauj ko Derquisigktf.
-Ejquirir iocfrgemiýo jkteaaeje y rkakveotk jk kxpkrtfs, sfdrk aes meuses jk
gfrdia
gfrd iaij
ijej
ej y gfrt
gfrtea
eaij
ijej
ej jk ae
aess petf
petfaf
afnç
nçes
es kgkrn
kgkrnko
kotk
tkss quk
quk ec
eckm
kmte
teoo e ae
pfdaemiýo jk Derquisigktf.
-Eoeaizer pfsidaks sfaumifoks jk ae situemiýo emtuea jk ae seauj ko Derquisigktf.
-Siomu
-Siomuaer
aer mfo afs gekstr
gekstreot
eotks
ks afs jickrk
jickrkotk
otkss sudsist
sudsistkge
kgess kstuji
kstujiejf
ejfss quk
iocauy
iocauyko
ko ko ae seauj jksjk
jksjk uo koc
kocfquk
fquk iot
iotknre
knrejf
jf y jksjk
jksjk pkrspkmti
pkrspkmtive
ve jk ae
kmfafnçe sfmiea ko Derquisigktf.
 METEMZKTIPEMIÝO JKA OÐMAKF ZKGÅZIMF

Ka tkge jk ae seauj ko ka kstejf Aere ks uo týpimf desteotk iotkrkseotk y e su

vkz mfgpak`f jk eoeaizer. ]ikojf ko afs ðatigf
ðatigfss eõfs jk kste jémeje fdviejfs
pfr ka K`kmutivf Oemifoea quk af le mkotreaizejf of mfosijkreojf af
ks
kste
teda
dakmi
kmijf
jf ko ae Mf
Mfos
osti
titu
tumi
miýo
ýo ko su er
ertç
tçmu
muaf
af <:0
<:0 quk
quk prfpf
prfpfok
ok quk sk
skee
jksmkotreaizejf k iotknrejfr. Mfostitumiýo jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe jk
Skokzukae (MTDS) (5999).(… IJKE IOMFOMA[]E) Eotk kstes
mi
mirm
rmuo
uost
steo
eomi
mies
es ka si
sist
stkg
kgee jk seau
seaujj ko Derq
Derqui
uisi
sigk
gkttf sk ko
komu
muko
kottre
prfcuojegkotk eckmtejf, mfgf mfoskm
mfoskmukomie
ukomie jk ae mrisis quk emtueagkotk vivk
ka peçs,
peçs, ka muea
muea prkskote uoe gkneio
prkskote gkneioace
acemiýo
miýo quk eckmte ae seauj iomijikojf
jirkmtegkotk ko ae jkprksiýo jka pfjkr ejquisitivf jk afs iosugfs géjimfs quk
sk komukotreo su`ktfs e afs kakvejfs prkmifs prfjumtf jk ae kspkmuaemiýo y
emep
emepere
eregi
gikot
kotff jk af
afss gi
gisgf
sgfs,
s, te
tegd
gdié
iéoo mfgf
mfgf mfo
mfoskm
skmuk
ukom
omie
ie ae kgio
kgioko
kotk
tk
euskomie pfr ceate jk jivises y getkrie prige pere kaedfrerafs y aes gkjijes
mfkrmitives jka nfdikrof, ea igpkjir eyujes lugeoiteries kxtreo`kres. Kotfomks
tfjf kaaf jktkrifre ae meaijej jk ae esistkomie lfspiteaerie quk le jisgiouijf ko

uo <8% af qu
qukk eck
eckmt
mtee ea ko
kockr
ckrgf
gf e af
afss ce
cegi
giai
aierk
erkss (p
(pðda
ðdaim
imff vu
vuao
aokr
kreda
edak).
k).
(C[KOZK])
Ejkgås of kxistk uo seaerif quk pukje mudrir tfjes kstes mfotionkomies
mfgf af kstedakmk ae Mfostitumiýo jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe jk Skokzukae
ko su ertçmuaf << kstedakmk0 Ka Kstejf rkmfofmkrå ka trede`f jka lfner mfgf
emtivijej kmfoýgime quk mrke veafr enrknejf y prfjumk riqukze y dikokster
sfmiea. Y ka ertçmuaf <9 kstedakmk0
 Ka trede`f ks uo lkmlf sfmiea y nfzerå jk ae prftkmmiýo jka Kstejf. Ae aky
jispfojrå af okmkserif pere gk`frer aes mfojimifoks getkrieaks, gfreaks k
iotkakmtueaks jk afs trede`ejfrks y trede`ejfres.
Xfr ftre pertk kxistk uo iomrkgkotf ko ae gfrdiaijej y gfrteaijej ko afs
lfspiteaks MJI y Derrif Ejkotrf jkdijf e ae jksoutrimiýo ioceotia, prkskomie jk
kockrgk
kockrgkjej
jejks
ks koj
kojégi
égimes
mes y pfr ion
ionrksf
rksfss lfspit
lfspiteae
eaerifs
rifs pfr emmijk
emmijkotk
otkss jk
trå
tråosi
ositf.
tf. Zegdiéo
Zegdiéo kxistk
kxistk geyfr jkg
jkgeoje
eoje ko ka emmksf
emmksf ea sis
sistkg
tkgee jk seauj,
seauj,
pfrquk fcrkmko skr nretuitfs, iomrkgkotåojfsk ka oðgkrf jk kockrgfs y
gukrtks
gukrtks pfr kstes meuses. ]io kgdernf ks gumlf ka jksmfot
jksmfotkotf
kotf pfr ae ksmesks

jk iosugfs pere etkojkr e afs kockrgfs, af quk le kstiguaejf quk gumlf

rk
rkmur
mursf
sf lugeo
lugeoff jk meai
meaijej
jej y ét
étim
imee pr
prfck
fcksi
sifo
foea
ea kgin
kginrk
rk ea kx
kxtk
tkri
rifr
fr pe
pere
re
jkskgpkõersk ejkmuejegkotk ko su årke jk trede`f. Jkdijf e quk of kxistko
aes
aes mfo
mfoji
jimi
mifo
foks
ks pere
pere ae et
etko
komi
miýo
ýo géji
géjime
me ok
okmk
mkser
serie
ie y te
tegp
gpfm
fmff pfa
pfaçt
çtim
imes
es
kmfoýgimes y sfmieaks quk kstiguako ea trede`ejfr, qukjeojf Derquisigktf sio
ae prkskomie jk kspkmieaiste af quk pfok ko riksnf ae seauj jka pemikotk.
Jk inuea cfrge aes kstrumtures cçsimes jk kstfs mkotrfs jk seauj sk jktkrifreo
prfnrksivegkotk, pfr ceate jk geotkoigikotf, jk inuea geokre, afs prfykmtfs
paeoicimejfs sk qukjeo sio k`kmuter pfr ceate jk jiokrf y jispfsimiýo pere
rkeaizerafs. Emtueagkotk kxistk uoe mrisis esistkomiea y lfspiteaerie skvkre, ae
sfaumiýo kstå ko aes geofs jka K`kmutivf Oemifoea jkdijf e quk ae seauj kstå
mkotreaizeje.
 GKZFJFAFNÇE

Ae gktfjfafnçe epaimeje ko kste iovkstinemiýo ks ae gktfjfafnçe kjumetive,

ae mue
mueaa sk merem
meremtk
tkri
rize
ze pfr
pfr skr per
perti
timi
mipet
petiv
ive,
e, ko jfojk
jfojk af
afss prfte
prftenf
nfoi
oist
stes
es
iotkrvikoko jk geokre emtive ko tfjes aes ktepes jka prfmksf kjumetivf…
Juråo, Jçez y Dkmkrre (599=).Zea pertimipemiýo kstå rkspeajeje pfr kxpkrtfs
quk k`krmko
k`krmko eanuoe iocaukomi
iocaukomiee ko ae pfdaemiýo
pfdaemiýo jk kstujif, ye ske jk geokre
cfrgea iocfrgea y sirvko jk koaemk kotrk ae mfguoijej y ka kquipf jk seauj. Ko
esfmiemiýo mfo afs jfmkotks mfosfaijeo ae gktfjfafnçe pertimipetive ea epfrter
ijkes
ijkes k iocfrge
iocfrgemiý
miýoo quk epfyko
epfyko ka prfm
prfmksf
ksf koskõeo
koskõeoze
ze eprkoji
eprkojize`
ze`k.
k. Kste
Kste
gktfjfafnçe pkrgitk ka eprkojize`k jk afs nrupfs gkjieotk ae pråmtime y ae
rkcakxiýo jk ae gisge, tegdiéo ijkoticime aes meremtkrçstimes difpsimfsfmieaks
jk ae mfgu
mfguoi
oije
jejj kjum
kjumet
etiv
ivee jkci
jkcioi
oiéo
éojf
jfsk
sk mf
mfgf
gf io
iovk
vkst
stin
inem
emiý
iýoo em
emmi
miýo
ýo
pertimipetive (IEX).

Xfr ftre pertk kste kotrkviste sk epfye ko uo gétfjf jkjumtivf quk mfoste
jk uo kstujif jienoýstimf epfyejf ko uo trede`f jk megpf mfgf germf

rk
rkckr
ckrkom
komie
ieaa jk uoe
uoe rk
rkea
eaij
ijej
ej sfmie
sfmieaa jk seauj
seauj udim
udimej
ejee ko ae pfda
pfdaem
emiý
iýoo jk
Derquisigktf, jfojk sk utiaize ae kotrkviste mfgf témoime jk iovkstinemiýo e
trevés jk prknuotes edikrtes. Xfr ftrf aejf pfjrçe maesici
maesicimersk
mersk mfgf uo trede`f
trede`f
kspkmiea pfrquk pertk jk uo jienoýstimf jk okmksijejks jkdijf e quk kstå
koge
kogerm
rmejf
ejf ko af te
teon
onid
idak
ak pere
pere rk
rksfa
sfavk
vkrr uoe mf
mfot
otio
ionk
nkomi
omiee si
siko
kojf
jf jk ti
tipf
pf
jksmriptive y ks kxpkrigkotea pfrquk sk dese ko ka gétfjf mikotçcimf.
 M[TTIM[A[G JKA K\XKTZF

Ofgdrk jka jfmtfr0 Fsmer Yåokz

Mfrfdf Zçtuafs fdtkoijfs0
Géjimf miru`eof
Xfstnrejf ko nkrkomie y seauj
Kmfnrecçe iotknrea
Mffrjioejfr jka egduaetfrif ]eo
Creomismf Esistkotk maçoimf jka
mfosuatfrif Kmfs. FY
 TK][AZEJF] JK AE JI]M[]IÝO JITINIJE

]k aakný e afs sinuikotks rksuatejfs quk jkdijf e pfaçtimes jkcimikotks pfr

pertk jka k`kmutivf oemifoea, aes iostitumifoks pðdaimes komer
komernejes
nejes jka mfotrfa y
cuomifoegiko
cuomifoegikotf
tf sfmiea jk ae seauj jk Derqui
Derquisigkt
sigktff of mugpako
mugpako kckmtivegkotk
kckmtivegkotk
mfo sus rkspfosediaijejks jkdijf e ae ceate jk mffrjioemiýo y paeoicimemiýo jk
prfykmtfs cemtidaks k`kmutedaks, af quk trek mfgf mfoskmukomie quk ae
prkstemiýo jka skrvimif ske iosucimikotk ko årkes mfgf skrvimif jk enue,
skrvimi
skrvimifs
fs kaémtri
kaémtrimfs,
mfs, kmf
kmfsist
sistkge
kge urdeof,
urdeof, jkserrfa
jkserrfaaf
af urdeof,
urdeof, eai
eaigko
gkotemi
temiýo
ýo y
seauj ko Derquisigktf, esç quk prksteo uo skrvimif gkjifmrk quk of mudrk afs
rkqukrigikotfs jk aes okmksijejks gås kakgkoteaks jk ae pfdaemiýo.

Xfr ftrf aejf eanuofs jk afs gekstreotks fpioeo quk kstk kstejf jk mrisis ks
mfgf uoe mfojimiýo jk nukrre, quk prkpere e ae pfdaemiýo vuaokredak y afs
fdaine e kotrer ko uo prfmksf jk ejeptemiýo, jfojk sk mfosugk gkofs rkmursfs
y pfr kojk sk mfotegioe gkofs, sk eaigkote sfaf mfo merdflijretfs y kstf ks
pfsitivf pfrquk kaigioe nreses jka mukrpf (TKS
(TKSI]
I]KO
KO K]ZE
K]ZE
JKMAETEMIÝ
JKMAETEMIÝO,
O, XET
XETE E JKZ
JKZKTG
KTGIOET
IOET ]I K] CI]I CI]IFAÝ
FAÝNIM
NIMEGK
EGKOZKOZK
MFTTKMZE) kviteojf kockrgkjejks merjifvesmuaerks, ejkgås jismipaioe e ae
pkrsfoe ea fdaineraf e megdier petrfoks jk eaigkotemiýo, kstf tegdiéo ofs
koskõe e kocrkoterofs e mfojimifoks ejvkrses.

Jk inuea cfrge sk pikose quk ko Derquisigktf sk leo gfjicimejf aes

mfstugdrks ye quk eotks mfosugçeo mlivf y erkpe y elfre yume y paåteofs
(METDFLIJTEZF]) jk`eojf jk mfosugir ae prftkçoe quk tegdiéo ks jk
vitea igpfrteomie pere ae dukoe outrimiýo jk aes pkrsfoes.
 . Esç tegdiéo kxprkserfo quk of sk mugpako aes frjkoeozes guoimipeaks

vifakoteojf ka egdikotk, pfrquk kxistk euskomie jk uoe muature kmfaýnime ko

tfjfs
fjfs afs kstr
kstret
etfs
fs sfmi
sfmiea
eaks (¶MF
ks.. (¶MFTT
TTKAKAEM
EMIÝ
IÝO
O JK K] K]ZF
ZF MFMFOO AFAF]]
METDFLIJTEZF]6)
Ejkgås
Ejkgås kxp
kxprkse
rkseoo quk ley ksme
ksmesks
sks jk rkmu
rkmursf
rsfss pere aak
aakver
ver e medf
medf aes
emtivi
emtivijejk
jejkss ko tfj
tfjfs
fs afs ios
iosti
titut
tutfs
fs jk etk
etkomi
omiýo
ýo pðdaim
pðdaime.
e. Jk inu
inuea
ea geokre
geokre
ecirgeo of ley iospkmmiýo jk fdres pfr pertk jka nfdikrof y kxistko gumles
vkmks mfgpaimijej, mfo iojickrkomie e afs veafrks aedfreaks.

]io kgdernf eanuofs pertimipeotks

pertimipeotks kxprkseo quk ka nfdikrof
nfdikrof sk kscukrze ko
epaimer pfaçtimes emkrtejes. Jka gisgf gfjf ecirgeo of kxistk prksupukstf
pere k`kmuter aes paeoicimemifoks kxistkotks, pfr ftrf aejf aes jkcimikomies
prkskotks ko tfjes kstes iostitumifoks pðdaimes eckmteo ko su tfteaijej ae seauj
jka derquisigkteof pfrquk jisgiouyko ae meaijej jk vije.
 IOZKNTEMIÝO JK AE IOCFTGEMIÝO NAFDEA

Ka kstejf mfgf sistkge

sistkge priomi
priomipea
pea ks ka komernejf jk jirin
jirinir
ir y mffrjioer uo
mfo`uotf jk sudsistkges, kotrk afs mueaks sk komukotreo0 Ka skrvimif jk enue, ka
skrvimif kaémtrimf, kmfsistkge urdeof, eaigkotemiýo y seauj ko Derquisigktf,
mfo ka cio jk nereotizer ae kstediaijej ko tfjfs afs espkmtfs ea miujejeof.
Zfjfs afs sudsistkges jkdko trede`er siguatåokegkotk y ko kquiaidrif pere
geotkokrsk
geotkokrsk kstedaks ko ae sfmikje
sfmikjejj pfr k`kgpaf
k`kgpaf uoe pkrsfoe okmksite
okmksite uoe mese
ko uo sitif sknurf, eak`ejfs jk qukdrejes y årkes jk riksnf esç gisgf jkdk
pfskkr auz pere mugpair tfjes sus emtivijejks mftijieoes y jkspaezersk sknurf
pfr aes ofmlks jk inuea cfrge ae mese jkdk mfotkokr enue pftedak qquk
uk mfosugir
pere kviter ka mfosugf jk enues rksijueaks jkdijf e quk pukjk frinioer
kockrgk
kockrgkjej
jejks,
ks, tegdié
tegdiéoo jkdk pfs
pfskkr
kkr sucimi
sucimikot
kotkk meotij
meotijej
ej pere k`kmut
k`kmuter
er sus
aedfrks y mfosugir eaigkotfs ejkmuejfs mfo oivkaks outritivfs okmkserifs. Xfr
ftrf aejf ks okmkserif mfosugir afs eaigkotfs ko uo kspemif aigpif ye quk mfo
kaafs sk kviteo mfotegioemifoks demtkrieoes kotfomks ks okmkserif ka epfrtk jk
IGE[DET.

Ea geotkokr ka lfgdrk tfjfs kstfs dkokcimifs

dkokcimifs sk geotikok
geotikok ko uo kstejf jk
lfgkfstesis, pkrf si ae pfdaemiýo mek ko mrisis pfr ae ceate jk skrvimifs mek ko
uo kstejf jk kotrfpçe, quk trekrå mfgf mfoskmukomie quk ka lfgdrk meine ko
riksnf y leste pukje pkrjkr su vije.
 MFOMA[]IFOK] Y TKMFGKOJEMIFOK]

Eotk ae situemiýo paeotkeje sk mfomauyk quk0 Ko Derquisigktf afs lfspiteaks

sk komukotreo ko uo mefs tftea, jfojk of kxistk uo prksupukstf quk pkrgite
mudri
mudrirr mfo
mfo af
afss fd`
fd`kt
ktiv
ivfs
fs jk ae
aess pfaç
pfaçti
time
mess se
seoi
oite
teri
ries
es mf
mfgf
gf af kst
ksted
edak
akmk
mk ae
Mfostitumiýo jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe jk Skokzukae, (MTDS) (5999) ko su
ertçmuaf <;. MTDS, (5999). (SKT GEO[EA [XKA) (KO AE]
MFOM
MFOMA[
A[]I
]IFO
FOK]
K] OF ]K EJ
EJGI
GIZK
ZK ZK
ZKFT
FTÇE
ÇE,, XF
XFT
T M[
M[EO
EOZF
ZF ]F
]FO
O
JKMAETEMIFOK] XTFXIE], FTINIOEAK], XTFJ[MZF JK
][ ZTEDE@F) Esç gisgf afs prfcksifoeaks jk ae gkjimioe of mukoteo mfo
iomkotivfs
iomkotivfs ko sus seaerifs, rkmidikojf
rkmidikojf uo penf ksmesegkotk
ksmesegkotk rkguokrejf. Af
quk frinioe cune f ginremiýo ea kxtreo`krf jk rkmursfs lugeofs meaicimejfs e
oivka
oivka io
iotk
tkrji
rjismi
smipa
paio
ioer
erif
if,, pf
pfrr af qu
qukk of kxi
kxist
stkk oi
oion
onðo
ðo kst
kstçg
çgua
uaff per
peree ka
mugpaigikotf étimf prfcksifoea, ejkgås ley merkomies jk iosugfs géjimfs ko
uo 9>%, mfo kxist
stkkom
omiie jk sf
sfaaf =% ko aes cerg
rgeemies. (TKXIZ
IZK
KO
IOCFTGEMIÝO)

Zegdiéo kxistk uo iomrkgkotf kxfrditeotk ko afs prkmifs jk afs cårgemfs, af

quk sk trejumk ko jisgioumiýo jka pfjkr ejquisitivf pfr ftre pertk of kxistk
prfjummiýo jk iosugfs ko afs aedfretfrifs mfgf af kstedakmk ae Mfostitumiýo
jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe jk Skokzukae (MTDS) (5999) ko su ertçmuaf (SKT
GEO[EA [XKA) (KO AE] MFOMA[]IFOK] OF ]K EJGIZK ZKFTÇE,
XFT M[EOZF ]FO JKMAETEMIFOK] XTFXIE],
FTIN
FTINIO
IOEA
EAK]
K],, XTFJ
XTFJ[M
[MZF
ZF JK ][ ZT
ZTED
EDE@F
E@F)) Xfr ft
ftrf
rf ae
aejf
jf of ley
paeoicimemiýo y k`kmumiýo jk prfykmtfs, esç tegdiéo of kxistk mfomikomie
kmfaýnime. Ea gisgf tikgpf tfjes aes Iostitumifoks pðdaimes quk rkspeajeo

cuomifoks sfmieaks ko Derquisigktf sk komukotreo trede`eojf e gkjies, sio

prksupukstfs oi rkmursfs pere mudrir sus rkqukrigikotfs, tegpfmf kxistko

emtivijejks paeoicimejes mfo gires ea éxitf cuturf pfr af quk (TKXIZKO

IOCFTGEMIÝO) sk rkquikrk0 uo kscukrzf kxtrefrjioerif y ae pertimipemiýo
prfemtive jk tfjfs afs emtfrks, ks pfr kaaf quk ks okmkserif quk ka K`kmutivf
Oemifoea tfgk gkjijes iogkjietes kotrk kaaes0 Epkrture jka meoea lugeoiterif
jirinijf y mffrjioejf pfr uo pkrsfoea mfgpktkotk y tegdiéo k`kmuter uo paeo
jk iotknremiýo sfaijerif e trevés jk prfnreges quk pkrgiteo uoe iomausiýo jk
ae pfdaemiýo e ae prfdakgåtime ko dðsqukje jk sfaumifoks.
METKMK JK AF] EXFTZK] JKA E[JIZFTIF.
 TKCKTKOMIE]

Mfostitumiýo jk ae Tkpðdaime Dfaiverieoe jk Skokzukae, (5999) Nemkte fcimiea

jk ae Tkpðdaime jk Skokzukae =3<38 Jimikgdrk =8, 5999.

Juråo, A2 Lkroåojkz, G2 Jçez, A2 Dkmkrre, @. (599=) Kjumemiýo Xere ae

]eauj, [oe Kstretknie Iotknrejfre. Xkrciaks Kjumetivfs. Géximf0 [OEG

Akyy Frnå
Ak Frnåoi
oime
me jk ae ]ea
]eauj,
uj, (599
(599<)
<) Ne
Nemk
mkte
te Fc
Fcim
imie
ieaa jk ae Tk
Tkpð
pðda
daim
ime
e
Dfaiverieoe jk Skokzukae ;43= (Kxtrefrjioerif) ]kptikgdrk 5>,599< Meremes0
Kjitfriea Tfgfr (OF EXETKMK MIZEJF)

TKMIDIJF0 =8-8;-5<
LFTE0 5805: eg
*GK@FT
*GK@FTET
ET AE] MFG
MFGXKZ
XKZKOM
KOMIE]
IE] KO FTFZFN
FTFZFNTEC
TECÇE
ÇE Y TKJ
TKJEMI
EMIÔO,
ÔO,
X[K]
X[K]ZF
ZF U[
U[K
K ][
][]
] IO
IOMF
MFO]
O]I]Z
I]ZKM
KMIE
IE]
] EC
ECKM
KMZE
ZEO
O AE MFLK
MFLKTK
TKOM
OMIE
IE
IOZKTOE JK AF] ZK\ZF].
*FTN
*FTNEO
EOIM
IMKO
KO GK
GK@F
@FT
T ][
][]
] IJKE]
IJKE],, XF
XFTU
TU[K
[K AE IO
IOCF
CFTG
TGEM
EMIÝ
IÝO
O JK
O[GKTF]F] XÅTTECF] K] MFOC[]E, JK]MFOKMZEJE KOZTK ][]
XETZK] F MFOZTEJIMZFTIE.
*METKMKO JK AF] EXFTZK] EA E[JIZFTIF.
*AF U[K M[KOZEO MFGF MFOMA[]IFOK] ]FO JKMAETEMIFOK]
MFOZ
MFOZKO
KOZI
ZISE
SE]
] JK IO
IOCF
CFTG
TGEM
EMIÝ
IÝO
O ZK
ZKÝT
ÝTIM
IME,
E, TKXK
TKXKZI
ZIMI
MIÝO
ÝO JK
IOCFTGEMIÝO F KAKGKOZF] TKZÝTIMF].

Xrfc. Kgpkretriz Nukrrkrf

55-83-5<

KOS
KOSIEJF
IEJF XETE
XETE ][ MF
MFTT
TTKM
KMMI
MIÝO
ÝO Y GK
GK@F
@FTE
TE22 ]K K]
K]XK
XKTE
TE ][
TKKOSÇF XETE KA 53-83-5<, ]IO XTÝTTFNE.