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JA\[OLVI\JOA
oYtrmjnct hjaf kfaljan rfsjstmat struiturmh fhfdfats rfsjst tcf homl mitjan ja
Kuhb Mitjvf o\cf kuhb o` jts sfitjoa turas tcf ljrfitjoa o` tcf `orifs ky :7 lfnrff
oIoatjauous
Ioatjauous rjnjljty ja ; or 9 ljdfasjoas
Ytruiturf Yystfd oKfmds mrf tcf kmsji fhfdfats o` KVHB MI\JPF struiturf systfd.
o\cf Kfmd Yfitjoa j.f. ljstrjkutjoa o` kuhb ja rfhmtjoa to tcf o \cf dfdkfrs mrf dosthy squmrf or rfitmanuhmr
afutrmh mxjs, js lfijsjvf `or tcf rfsjstjan dficmajsd
o\cf homl cms to trmvfh tcrounc corjzoatmh or vfrtjimh phmafs oahy wcjic
o\cf totmh homl oa m kujhljan js trmas`frrfl tcrounc corjzoatmh o Dorf f``fitjvf ja imsf o` s dmhhfr spmas.
mal vfrtjimh dfdkfrs o` tcf struiturfs to nroual
Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=; Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=;
9 <
=
3/>/;7=;
KFMDY
M kfmd js m trmasvfrsf struiturmh
dfdkfr tcm
dfdkfr tcmtt imr
imrrjf
rjfs
s homl
homl prj
prjdmr
dmrjh
jhy
y
Yjdp
Yjdphy
hy suppo
supportfl
rtfl kfmd suic ms
tcrounckfaljan.
tcos
tcosf
f `oua
`oual
l ja m post ma
mall hja
hjatfh
tfh
systfd. M sjdphy supportfl kfmd js
\cf homls imrrjfl
imrrjfl ky m kfmd mrf
supportfl
suppo rtfl mt kotc fals wjtc homls
trmas`frrfl to iohudas, wmhhs, or njrlfrs,
mpphjfl kftwffa tcf supports.
wcjic tcfa trmas`fr tcf `orif to mlemifat
struiturmh iodprfssjoa dfdkfrs.
M kfmd wjtc pjaafl mal rohhfr
Valfr m homl, tcf orjnja
amh
mh hfantc o` support mt tcf fals js rf`frrfl to ms
kfmd js rfluifl mt tcf top, rfsuhtjan sjdphy supportfl kfmd.
iodprfssjoa
ja iodpr
iodprfssjoa
fssjoa wcj
wcjhf
hf tcf hfantc js
sh
shjn
jncth
cthy
y jair
jairfms
fmsfl
fl mt tcftcf kottod,
\cfsf typfs o` kfmds sjdphy rfst
rfsuhtjan ja tfasjoa.
oa support mal mrf `rff to dovf.
\cf hfantc o` kfmd rfdmja ass fqu
fqumh
mh
kf`orf & m`tfr kfaljan oahy mt afutrmh M sjanhf-spma truss krjlnf js hjbf m
mxjs. (scowa ja lottfl) sjdphy suppor
sjdphy supportfl
tfl kfmd kfimu
kfimusf
sf jt
tfasjoa iodprfssjoa imrrjfs vfrtjimh homls ky kfaljan.
Ycmpf o` kfmd ualfr kfaljan
Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=; Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh
> tfasjoa3/>/;7=; 3
M support ioaljtjoa
ioaljtjoa tcmt tcmt ima rfsjst `orifs mal prfvfat
prfvfat
Wja/Cjanf dov
dovfdfafdfatt o` tcf eojajan
eojajan fhfdfats
fhfdfats ja corj
corjzoat zoatmh
mh mal
Yupport vf rt
rt jjii mmhh p hm
hm a
aff k ut
ut i mma
a a ot
ot rf ssjj st
st roott mmttj o
oa
a.
\cf `jrst krjlnfs fvfr kujht wfrf sjdphy supportfl kfmds, suic ms `hmt
shmk, or trff truabs hmjl miross tcf strfmds.
AO FA
FAL
L JY @J
@JSF
SFL
L ,K
,KO\
O\CC M[
M[FF YV
YVWW
WWO[
O[\F
\FL
L M\ \C
\CF
F FA
FALY
LY MA
MAL
L \C
\CF
F
KFMD
KFMD JY @[F
@[FF
F \O FS
FSWWMA
MALL MA
MALL IOA
IOA\[M
\[MI\
I\..
W[OWF[\JFY
\cf hmrnf mdouat o` dmtfrjmh jaf``jijfathy usfl afmr tcf afutrmh mxjs o`
kfmd sunnfst tcf fhjdjamtjoa
fhjdjamtjoa o` sodf o` jt ky opfajans ,wcjic wouhl
mhso dmbf tcf kfmd hjnctfr
;
3/>/;7=;
J` iut `rod ifatrf ,jt kfcmvfs s jdjhmr to two imatjhfvfrfl kfmds M kf md supportfl oa tcrff or
do rrf
f suup
pppo
o rt
rt s j s b a
ao
ow ms
ioatjauous kfmd.
Lf`hfitjoa lfpfals upoa V.L.H.
\cf ioatjaujty
ioatjaujty o` kfmds jatr
jatroluif
oluifs
s
afw icmrmitfrjstj
icmrmitfrjstjis.
is. J` fmic spma js
sjd
sjdphy
phy suppo
supportf
rtfl
l mal oaf spma js
homlfl, tcfa homl js supportfl ky oahy
oaf dfdkfr.
Cowfvf
Cowfvfrr tcf ja ioatjauous
ioatjauous kfmd tcf
fa
fatj
tjrf
rf kf
kfmd
md pmpmrt
rtji
jijp
jpmt
mtfs
fs ja homl
homl
imrryjan dficmajsd.
M ioatjauous
ioatjauous kfmd krjlnf
^cfa
^cfa tcf
tcf fals
fals o` tcf
tcf kfmd
kfmd mrf
mrf
rfstrmjafl mal aot `rff to rotmtf mrf
Homl imrryjan impmijty js 67% dorf tcma sjdphy supportfl kfmd imhhfl @JSFL KFMDY
Dmxjdud homl js mt tcf supports Ja tcjs systfd, tcf vfrtjimh mal tcf
cor
corjzo
jzoatm
atmhh struit
struiturmh
urmh dfdk
dfdkfrs
frs mrf
eojafl. \cfy dovf tonftcfr.
@ jx fl
fl kfmd
kfmds
s pr
prov
ovjj l
lf
f nr
nrfm
fmtf
tfrr
rfs
rfsjst
jstmaif
maif to tcf kuibhj
kuibhjan,
an, wcfa
wcfa
iodprfssfl.
9
3/>/;7=;
L KM
IM KM
W[OWF[\JFY5
K
. Lf`hfitjoa
Lf`hfitjoa rmtf js dorf, nfafrmhhy
nfafrmhhy lf`hfitjoa
lf`hfitjoa scouhl aot fxiff
fxiffl
l tcma
=/977tc o` jts spma
.
Homl imrryjan impmijty js hfss.
.
.
I
.
I
I
.
.
<
3/>/;7=;
Lf`hfitjoa o` kfmd
kfmd lfpfals oa vmrjous `mitors5 Wosjtjoa o` homl 5 lf`hfitjoa o` tcf imatjhfvfrfl kfmd jairfmsfs ms tcf
homl dovfs `rod root towmrls tcf tjp o` imatjhfvfr
Hfantc 5- loukhjan tcf hfantc jairfmsfs tcf lf`hfitjoa ky m `mitor o`
FJNC\, wcjic js iukf o` tcf hfantc rmtjo
Ycmpf 5
Ja`hufaif o` hfantc oa imatjhfvfr lf`hfitjoa M kfmd
kottod o` tcf
kfmrs rfitmanuhmr
mhhowmkhf iross
strfssfssfitjoa js jaf``jijfat ja kfaljan, oahy jts top mal
J` mhh tcf dmtfrjmh o` rfitmanuhmr iross sfitjoa js scj`tfl towmrls jts top kottod,
Lf`hfitjo
Lf`hfitjoa
a mrf duic hmrnfr
hmrnfr wcfa tcf wjltc o` tcf kfmd js bfpt
bfpt irfmtjan mal jlfmh
lfmh J sfitjoa jts rjnjljty
rjnjljty wouhljairfmsfl ky m `mitor o o`` tcrff
mh tcma wcfa tcf tcjibafss js bfpt corjzoatmh. L4;*ct *w 9
corjzoatmh
corjzoat
\cf roo` kujht ovfr tcf stmals mt Ohl \rm``orl @ootkmhh Nroual usfs m imatjhfvfr
Homljan ioaljtjoa so tcmt ao supports wjhh khoib vjfws o` tcf `jfhl
Homl mt fal,
Homl mt ifatrf, kfaljan js
kfaljan dorf
hfss
\ypf o` dmtfrjmhs
stffh mhudjaud
Yfitjoa o` kfmd
Kfmds mrf mhso ihmssj`jfl oa tcf kmsjs o` tcfjr scmpfs mal dmtfrjmhs
suic ms J-sfitjoa, I-sfitjoa, U-sfitjoa or rfitmanuhmr kfmd
\cjs
\cjs ioa
ioairf
irftf
tf kmhmai
kmhmaifl
fl ima
imatjh
tjhfvf
fvfrr
krjlnf ualfr ioastruitjoa
fdph
fdphoy
oyss do
dovm
vmkh
khf
f imat
imatjh
jhfv
fvfr
frss to
support
supp ort `ordworb.
`ordworb.
6
3/>/;7=;
Yphjttjan tcf wfk o` ma J-kfmd ja two mal scj`tjan tcf dmtfrjmh hmtfrmhhy
proluifs
prolu ifs maotcfr iross sfitj
sfitjoa
oa eust ms f``jijfat
f``jijfat ja kfaljan
kfaljan mal dorf
f``jijfatt ja torsjoa ,
f``jijfa
Lfsjna o` J-kfmds
J-kfmds mrf wjlfhy usfl ja tcf ioastruitjoa jalustry mal mrf mvmjhmkhf ja m
vmrjfty o` stmalmrl sjzfs. Amdfl
lfsjna m`tfr tcf
ja =3:0. Kfhnjma
Pjfrfa
Pjfrfalffh fanjaffr
lffh njr
njrlfrs Mrtcur
lfrs mal Pjfrfalffh
Pjfrfalffh,
`rmdfs
`rmdfs mrf kfal, wco
kfaljan
jan rfsjslfvf
lfvfhop
tmat hopfl
stmat fl tcf
J-kfmds dmy kf usfl kotc ms kfmds mal ms iohudas.
iohudas.
J-kfm
J-kfmds
ds dmy kf usfl kotc oa tcfjr owa, or mitjanmitjan iodposjtfhy wjtc \cf dfdkfrs `ord rfitmanuhmr opfajans, m `rmdf wjtc `jxfl eojats tcmt mrf
maotcfr dmtfrjmh, typjimhhy ioairftf.
ioairftf. impmkhf o` trmas`frrjan mal rfsjstjan kfaljan dodfats.
0
3/>/;7=;
YMHB
JAY\J\V\F WO[\MH @[MDFY
jalustrjmh struiturfs.
Mhtcounc tcfy ima mhso kf ioastruitfl usjan hmdjamtfl tjdkfr
\cf ioaafitjoas kftwffa tcf iohudas mal tcf rm`tfrs mrf lfsjnafl to kf
dodfat rfsjstmat, j.f. tcfy ima imrry kfaljan `orifs.
Kfimusf o` tcfsf vfry stroan mal rjnjl eojats sodf o` tcf kfaljan dodfat ja
tcf rm`tfrs js trmas`frrfl to tcf iohudas.
\cjs dmbfs portmh `rmdfs m vfry f``jijfat ioastruitjoa tficajquf to usf wjlf
spma kujhljans..
\codms Ef``frsoa
Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh
3/>/;7=; Kujhljan 9: Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=;
<7
>
3/>/;7=;
@[MDFL Y\[VI\V[FY
Wortm
Wortmhh `rmdf
`rmdf ioastru
ioastruitjitjoa
oa js
tc
tcfr
frf`
f`or
orf
f ty
typj
pjim
imhh
hhy
y sffa
sffa ja
wmrfcousfs,
wmrfcousfs, ma mal
l ot otcf
cfrr phmi
phmifs
fs Ma [II @rmdfl Ytruiturf js ma mssfdkhy o` shmks, kfmds, iohudas
wcfrf
wcfrf hmrnf
hmrnf,, opfa
opfa spmifs
spmifs mrf mal `oualmtjoa ioaafitfl to oaf maotcfr so tcmt jt kfcmvfs ms oaf uajt.
rfqujrfl mt how iost mal m pjticfl
roo` js miifptmkhf Jt js m dftcolohony, wcjic famkhfs tcf ioastruitjoa o` tmhh kujhljans
hl wmrfcousfs ja mal kujhljan wjtc stjhts.
Mdstfrlmd \cfy
\cfy mrf usumhh
usumhhy y hmrnf
hmrnf phmja
phmja
Dmeo
Dmeorjty
rjty o` urkma
urkma struiturfs
struiturfs mal duhtjstorj
duhtjstorjfl
fl kujhljans
kujhljans mrf kujht
kujht ms
kujhlj
kujhljan
anss ja jalust
jalustrjm
rjmhh mrf
mrfms
ms o`
ijtj
ijtjfs
fs mamal
l towa
towas. s. \c\cfy fy iodf
iodf [II `rmdfl struiturfs.
fqujppfl
fqujp homljan
pfl wjtc homlja n loibs to
homl
homl malmal uaho
uahomlml tr tru
uibs2
ibs2 or Ja ma [I
[III `r
`rmd
mdfl
fl st
stru
ruit
itur
urf,
f, tc
tcf
f ho
homl
ml js tr
trma
mas`
s`fr
frrf
rfl
l `r
`rod
od m sh
shmk
mk to
sodftj
sodftjdfs
dfs mrf homlf homlfl l ljrfit
ljrfithy
hy tcf kf
tcf kfmd
mds
s tc
tcfa
fa to tc
tcff io
iohu
huda
das s ma
mall `u
`urt
rtcf
cfrr to ho
howf
wfrr io
iohu
huda
dass ma
mall
`rod rmjhwmys,
rmjhwmys, mjrports
mjrports,, or sfmports `jam
`jamhh
hhy
y to tc
tcff `o
`oua
ualm
lmtj
tjoa
oa wc
wcjijic
c ja tu
tura
ra tr
trma
mas`
s`fr
frss jt to tc
tcf
f Nr
Nrou
oual
al
kfhow.
3
3/>/;7=;
Ms mnmj
mnmjas
astt tcjs
tcjs,, ja m ho homl
ml Kfmd mit ms sjdphy supportfl
supportfl kfmd
kfmrjan struiturf,
kfmrjan struiturf, tcf homl
homlss mrf mal iohudas mrf rjnjlhy ioaafitfl
lj
ljrfit
rfithy
hy trm
trmas`
as`frr
frrfl
fl to tcf sojh to tcf rotmtfl fals o` tcf kfmd, so
tcrou
tcrounc
nc tcf wmhhs,
wmhhs, wcwcjic
jic mrf ms to stjib out ja m strmjnct jaihjafl
impmkhf o` imrryjan tcfd. posjtjoa.
DVH\JWHF
DVH\JWHF @[MDFY
\cf iohudas mrf sukefitfl aot oahy to Iodkjamtjoa o` ao. o` sjanhf `rmdf
tcf iodprfssjvf homl , kut mhso to kfaljan uajts dmbf duhtjphf
duhtjphf `rmdfs
strfssfs luf ioatjaujty
ioatjaujty wjtc tcf kfmd.
\cfsf mrf dorf rjnjl ms iodpmrfl
\jf rol js `jxfl ,wcjic lofs aot pfrdjt tcf to sjanhf `rmdfs
`rmdf
`rmdf to op opfafa up ualfr
ualfr tcf mitjoa
mitjoa o`
vfrtjimh homls \cf mlvmatmnf o` ioatjaujty ima kf
iodpoualfl ky tcf usf o` duhtjphf
iodpoualfl duhtjphf
Mhh tcrff dfdkfrs o` sjdphf `rmdf mrf
`rmdfs, ja wcjic m corjzoatmh kfmd js
kfat mal iodprfssfl.
iodprfssfl. supportfl ky, mal rjnjlhy ioaafitfl to
tcrff or dorf iohudas .
\c
\cff vfvfrt
rtji
jimh
mh lf
lf`h
`hfi
fitj
tjoa
oas
s o` tcf tcf
iohuda
iohudass o` tcf duh
duhtjp
tjphf
hf `rm
`rmdf
df mrf
\crust Bmrmdejt
mksorptjoa
mksorptjoa. .
Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=; sdmhhfr Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=;
69 6<
:
3/>/;7=;
6: 07
=7
3/>/;7=;
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,
..
,,
, ,
.
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).
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0= 0;
Ljmpcrmnd (scfmr) fhfdfat5 Imrrjfs hmtfrmh homljan to tcf hmt frmh homl @or rfhmtjvfhy squmrf phmas, ljmpcrmnds mrf nfafrmhhy ioasjlfrfl rjnjl
rfsjstjan systfd
Whmtf fhfdfat
Lf`ordfl scmpf cms ioastmat hmtfrmh
ljsphmifdfat
ljsphmifd fat - o ljmpcr
ljmpcrmnd
mnd
Lf`ordfl scmpf -Hmtfrmh `hfxjkjhjt y, jf. hmtfrmh homl ljstrjk utfs
homl ljstrjkutfs to `rmdfs to `rmdf proportjoamh to `rmdf
proportjoamh to trjkutmry stj``afss
mrfm
09 0<
Ycfmr wmhhs
Cohf
Iouphjan kfmds
Fhfvmtjoa
Jatfrjor nrmvjty
`rmdfs
06 00
==
3/>/;7=;
Hmtfrmh `rmdfs ’
;6% o` hmtfrmh
homl, djajdud
Cohf
Ycfmr wmhhs
Wrf Ytrfssjan
=;
3/>/;7=;
Wrfstrfssjan - Wrftfasjoajan
Wrftfa
Wrftfasjoa
sjoajan
jan Wrfstrfssjan - Wosttfasjoajan
Wosttfa
Wosttfasjo
sjoaja
ajan
n
’ Imkhfs posjtjoafl prjor to ioairftf phmifdfat
Wrftfasjoajan
’ Wrjor to ioa irft f ’ Ytrfssfl m`tfr ioairftf phmifdfat (& iurjan)
phmifdfat
’ Nfafrmhhy pfr`ordfl
’ Nfafrmhhy
Nfafrmhhy pfr`ordfl mt m
pfr`ordfl
phmat - ^CZ??? mt tcf eoksjtf
\cfa tcf shmk js lfsjnafl to spma mhoan tcf wjltc o` rood tcjs shmk
js baowa ms OAF-^MZ
OAF-^MZ shmk
\
\cf
cf dmj
dmja a rfj
rfja`o
a`orif
rifdfa
dfatt js loaf
loaf mhoan
mhoan tc
tcf
f scortf
scortfrr spma
spma wcjhf
wcjhf
ljstr
ljstrjkutj
jkutjoa
oa o` kmrs hmjl mt :7 lfnrff to tcf dmja rfja`orif
rfja`orifdfa
dfatt hjf
pmrmhhfh to hfantc o` rood
=9
3/>/;7=;
Ytj``fr kfmd
kfmd rfqujrfl nrfm
nrfmtfr
tfr homl to lf`hfit tcma tcf
`hfxjkhf oaf.
\cf stj``afss
stj``afss o` kfm
kfmdd ual
ualfr
fr m ioai
ioaifatrm
fatrmtfl
tfl homl js
javfrsfhy proportjoamh to tcf iukf o` jts hfantc
hfantc
=<
3/>/;7=;
@HM\ YHMK/WHM\F
\cfsf mrf mhso baowa ms kfmdhfss shmk shmk.. @hmt phmtf o` rfja`orifl
ioairftf lfsjnafl to spma ja two ljrfitjoa
\wo-^my
\wo-
-^my @hmt Yhmk
@hmt shmk w/ rfja`orijan kfmds
@hmt
Whmtf
Lrop Wmafh
Lrop Wmafh w/
Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=;
3: Bmrmdejt Yjanc Icmcmh 3/>/;7=; Impjtmh :7
=6
3/>/;7=;
@hmt phmtf wjtc lrop pmafhs,scfmr impjtmhs, mal/or iohuda imp jtmhs
(
(
,
,
,,
)
)
.
.
8 ;7 (
( & I)
I)
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( )
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Whma Fhfvmtjoa
=0
3/>/;7=;
,
,
.
.
, &
.
^M@@HF YHMK
=>
3/>/;7=;
\wo-
\wo-^my
-^my ^m``hf Yhmk
\ypjimh
\ypjimh oaf-wmy kfmd nrjl
mal shmk syst
systfd.
fd. \cjs pmrbjan
str
struit
uiturf
urf cms iohu
iohudas
das oa m
rfitmanuhmr
rfitmanu hmr nrjl pmttfra. \cf
fssfatjmhhy oaf-wmy lfsjna o`
tcf systfd ima kf sffa ky
tc
cf
f rfhm
rfhmtt jvf
jvf hfan
hfantt c
cs
s mamall
sfi
sfitjoa
tjoas
s o` tcf dmja dmja kfmd,
kfmd,
mal tcf prj dm
dmry mal
sfi
sfioalm
oalmryry kfmds
kfmds ualfr tcf
shmk. \cf rfitmanuhmr scmpf o`
tc
tcf
f uas
uasupp
upportortfl
fl shm
shmk k mhso
mhso
jaljimtfs oaf-wmy shmk mitjoa
\ypji
\ypjimh
\ypjimh
mh wm``hf-
wm`
wm``hf
`hf-shmk
-sh
shmk
mk `or
`or
pmrbjan
pmrbjan struiturf
struiturf.
struiturf. ^jtc
^jt
^jt c ^m``hf---shmk
^m``hf shmk roo`, Yma Ljfno
iohudas oa m 99
99---`t
`t x ;>
;>---`t
`t Mjrport.. Aot
Mjrport Aot cfmvjh
cfmvjhy
y homlf
homlfl
l
ms m roo` roo` struiturf,
struiturf, tcf
pmttfra, tcf lfsjna
pmttfra, lfsjna usfs
wm``hf shmk systfd iouhl kf
wm``hf
9
9---`t
`t squmrf
squmrf wm``hfs
wm``hfs.. Aotf
fxtfalfl jato tcf ovfrcman
tcf ja`jhhjan o` tcf squmrfs
wcfrf
wcfrf tcf doddodfats
dodfa
dodf fats
ats
ts mrf
mt tcf cfml o` tcf iohuda
afnmtjvf..
afnmtjvf Aotf
Ao
A ot
otf
tf mhso
mhso tcf
tcf
to rfsjst
rfsjstt kotc scfmr mal
rfsjs
supportjan iohudas
iohudas wjt
wjtc
c m
afnmtjvfdodfats
afnmtjvf dodfats..
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