Chemistry Pre-Medical

1
COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER

© ALLEN CAREER INSTITUTE 2019. All Rights Reserved.

This study material is prepared by and for the exclusive use of ALLEN CAREER INSTITUE. All
rights including copyrights, right of translation, etc. are reserved and vested exclusively with
ALLEN CAREER INSTITUTE.

No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, adapted, translated, abridged or stored in any
retrieval system, computer system, photographic or otherwise transmitted in any form or by any
means including, but not limited to; electronic, mechanical, digital, photocopying, recording or
stored in any drive/storage system of any nature without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner. Any breach shall entail legal action and prosecution without further notice.

No unauthorised sale, re-sale, distribution, lending, display, advertisement, or circulation of this

material in any form is permitted, without the prior written consent of the owner.

The contents of this study material, and all ALLEN logos, taglines etc. are exclusive intellectual
property right of ALLEN CAREER INSTITUTE protected under the Indian Copyright and
Trademark Laws. Any violation or infringement of these rights shall be punishable under the
Trademark Act, 1999 and the Copyright Act, 1957.
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

E
®

Se
ss
io
n
:2
02
0-
21

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1
Chemistry
©
Pre-Medical
Pre-Medical : Chemistry
307
 ®
308 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

EXERCISE-I 23. mol. wt. = 2 × V.D.

1
Þ 2 × 11.2 = 22.4
3. (1) 1g of O = × NA atoms
16 2.4
22.4 Q
moles of gas = [ 1 mole occupies = 22.4 L]
1
(2) 1 g of O2 = × 2 NA atoms
32 \ vol. of gas = 2.4 L
1 1.12 ´ 10-7 (mL)
(3) 1 g of O3 = × 3 NA atoms, 24. Moles of gas Þ
48 22400 (mL)
Hence all have the same no. of atoms
1.12 ´ 10-7
4. No. of atoms in 0.5 g atoms of nitrogen = 0.5 NA No. of molecules of gas = × NA
22400
8
8 g of oxygen = 1 ´ at. wt. of S ´100
16 39. % of S =
Minimum molecular mass
= 0.5 NA atoms of oxygen
6. 1 mol. of NH3 contains 7 × NA neutrons 1 ´ 32 ´ 100
3.4 =
1.7 m
1.7 g of NH3 = = 0.1 mol.
17
32 ´ 100
Molecular mass (m) =
\ 0.1 mol contains Þ 0.1 × 7 × NA neutrons 3.4
21
5.6 1 194 ´ 28.9
7. Moles of O2 = = 40. wt. of nitrogen in caffine =
22.4 4 100
0-

Q 1 mol of O2 contains 2 NA atoms

02

194 ´ 28.9
No. of atom in one molecule = ×2
:2

1 2N A N 100 ´ 28
\ mol of O2 contains = A atoms
4 4 2
25
n

8. Q 1 mol of O3 contains 3NA atoms of oxygen 44. C8H18 + O2 ® 8CO2 + 9 H2O

io

2
ss

8 1 d = 0.8 g/mL
8 g O3 º moles = mol
Se

48 6 Vol. of petrol (C8H18) = 1.425 L = 1425 mL

wt. of C8H18 = 0.8 × 1425 = 1140 g
1 1 NA mol. wt of C8H18 = 114 ,
\ 6 mol. of O3 contains Þ 6 × 3NA = 2 1140
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

Moles of C8H18 = = 10
16. Let the atomic weight of A and B are a & b 114
wt. of 0.05 moles of B2A3 = 9 and 25
wt. of 0.1 mole of B2A = 10 g Q 1 mol C8H18 requires = mol of O2
2
then wt. of 1 moles of B2A3 = 180 and
25
wt. of 1 mole of B2A = 100 \ 10 mol C8H18 will require = × 10 mol of O2
2
Q wt. of 1 mole of compound = mol wt.
9 1
mol. wt. of B2 A3 : 2b + 3a = 180 .... (i) 45. Moles of Al = =
27 3
mol. wt. of B2A : 2b + a = 100 ....(ii)
solve eq. (i) & (ii) and get value of a & b 3 1 1
Moles of O2 = × ×
22. Mol. wt. = 2 × V.D. 2 2 3
= 2 × 70 = 140 3 1 1
mol. wt. of (CO)x = 28 x Weight of O2 = × × × 32
2 2 3
Hence 28x = 140

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 309
47. CO2(g) + C(s) ® 2CO(g) 56. CxHy(g) + O2(g) ® CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Initially 1L
(Hydrocarbon) ¯ ¯
After reaction (1 – x) L 2xL
1 – x + 2x = 1.4 10 mL 40 mL 50 mL
x = 0.4 L or 1 vol. 4 vol. 5 vol.
Hence vol. of CO2 = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6 L CxHy + 13O2 ® 4CO2 + 5H2O
& vol. of CO = 2 × 0.4 = 0.8 L Comparing both sides
48. CO2 + C ¾¾¾® 2CO x=4
(Red hot) y = 10
1 vol. 2 vol.
59. In S2 Cl2
26 cc. 52 cc.
Ratio of wt =2 × 32 2 × 35.5
50. 3 BaCl2+2Na3PO4 ® Ba3 (PO4)2+6NaCl
\ 32 35.5
¯ ¯ ¯ \ E(s) = 32
3 moles 2moles 1 mol 62. Q 0.25 mole of O2 = 0.25 ×32 = 8 g of O2
Given 0.5 moles 0.2 moles
W 8
so 0.3 moles of BaCl2 will react with 0.2 moles of g eq. = = =1
E 8
Na3PO4 and gives 0.1 mol of Ba3(PO4)2
64. g eq. of acid = g eq. of Base
1
51. O2(g) + H2(g) ® H2O W
2 = N ×V
E
Initially VmL 4mL
67. Here g eq. of metal = g eq. of H2
After reaction (V – 2) 0
uncombined O2 Þ (V – 2) = 8 mL W1 W2
21
=
V = 10 mL E2 E2
0-

53. A+ 2B ® C
02

12 W
Given 5 mol 8 mol 0 = 2 W2 = 0.5 g
24 1
:2

(reaction will occur according to B) 2 g H2 = 22.4 L

After reaction (5 - 4) (8 - 8) 4 mol.
n

0.5 g H2 = 5.6 L
io

54. 2H2S + SO2 ® 3S + 2H2O 68. g eq. of metal carbonate = g eq. of H2SO4
ss

2 mol 1 mol
W
Se

Given 0.025 mol 0.025 mol = N × V (L)

E
0.025 0.84 1 40
After reaction 0 (0.025– ) = ×
2 E 2 1000
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

so SO2 will remains in excess

69. Eq. wt. of Br = 80
1.6
Given SO2 ®
64
= 0.025 mol Q 8.89 g Br is combines with 1g of a metal
1
1.5 ´ 1022 \ 80 g Br is combines with 8.99 × 80
H2S = = 0.025 mol
6.02 ´ 1023
of a metal (Eq. wt. of metal)
55. H2 + Cl2 ¾® 2HCl (Q elements combines in the ratio of their volumes)
1 vol. 1 vol. 2 vol. 70. wt. of metal hydride = 0.84 g
Given 12 L 11.2 L
wt. of hydrogen = 0.04 g
After reac. (12 – 11.2) 0 2 ×11.2
\ wt. of metal = 0.84 – 0.04 = 0.80 g
= 0.8 L = 22.4 L
Here reaction will occur according to Cl2 because wt.of metal
Eq. wt. of metal = wt.of H2
it is a limiting reagent.

E
 ®
310 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
71. If wt. of oxide = 100 91. mol. wt of a gas = 2 × V.D = 2 × 16 = 32
then wt. of oxygen = 20 g = 1.4, atomicity = 2
wt. of element = 100 – 20 = 80
\ at. wt. = 16
wt. of element
Eq. wt. of element = ´8
wt. of oxygen 93. Q wt. of 112 mL of vapour at STP = 0.39 gm
81. According to Dulong & Petit's rule \ wt. of 22400 mL (1mol) at STP
Atomic weight × sp. heat - ~ 6.4 0.39
= × 22400 gm (mol. wt.)
6.4 112
~
(Approx.) at wt. - = 64 95. vol. of vapour = 67.2 cc
0.1
Eq. wt = 31.8 wt. of liquid = 510 mg
64
valency of element (n) = =2 22400 cc vapour mass will be equal to molar mass.
31.8
Atomic weight = n × E
96. Q at STP wt. of 5L of gas = 6.25 g
83. Formula of metal sulphate will be MSO 4.7H2O
Valency of metal (M) n = 2 \ at STP wt. of 22.4 L of gas
Eq.wt.of metal(E) wt. of metal
= 6.25
Eq.wt.of Ag( = 108) wt. of Ag = × 22.4 g (g molecular wt.)
5
At. wt of the metal (M) = n × E
84. Formula of metal carbonate = MCO3 97. At STP 224 mL occupies ® 0.44 g
at. wt. of metal = A
mol wt. of MCO3 = A + 60 \ AT STP 22400 mL occupies Þ 44 g

12 (1 mol.)
% of carbon = × 100 = 6.091
21
A + 60 and wt. of N2O is 44 g
0-

Calculate A 108. Q mass of 1 L of this organic gas

02

85. Wt. of Chlorine = 71

= mass of 1 L of N2
Wt. of Chloride = 111 g
:2

Wt. of metal = 111 – 71 = 40 g \ mass of 22.4 L (1 mol) organic gas

40
n

Eq. wt. of metal = ´ 35.5 = 20 = mass of 22.4 L of N2 (mol wt) Þ 28 g

io

71
Q The Chloride is isomorphous with MgCl2.6H2O \ mol. wt of organic gas = 28 g
ss

Hence its formula will be MCl2.6H2O empirical formula = CH2, It's wt. =14
Se

\ Valency of metal (M) = 2

28
\ At. Wt = E × Valency n= =2
2 ´ V.D 14
87. Valency of metal (x) =
( E + 35.5 )
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

mol. formula = C2H4

Hence At. wt. = E × x
109. Equal volume of gases contains equal no. of
density of gas
89. V.D = molecules
density of H2 (0.000089 gm / ml)
H2 He O2 O3
mass of 1 mol gas
90. V.D = mass of 1 mol CH Molecules 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
4

m Atoms 2 : 1 : 2 : 3
4=
16
110. Q equal volumes contains equal molecules (or moles)
m = 64
\ moles of N2 = moles of gas
m 64
So, V.D. = = = 32 (Let mol. mass of the gas = m)
2 2
V.D. of substance = 4
but V.D. of CH4 = 8 , 0.28 0.44
=
28 m
\V.D. of substance = 32 \ mol wt. = 2 × 32
E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 311
EXERCISE-II 15. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ® 2NH3(g)

13. 2 mole NH3(g) requires 3mole H2(g)

20 mole NH3(g) requires
H O abosrbed
HCOOH ¾¾¾¾¾¾
® CO + H2O by2 H SO
H2 SO4
Dehydrating Agent
2 4
3
= ´ 20 mole H2 (g)
2.3 1 2
(moles)i = = 0 0
46 20 = 30 mole
1 1 16. PV = nRT
(moles)f 0
20 20 n = 1.8/18 = 0.1 mole
H2C2O4 ¾¾¾® CO + CO2 + H2O
H 2 SO 4
P = 1 bar
[H2O absorbed by H2SO4] T = 374 + 273
4.5 1 = 647 K
(moles)i = 0 0 0
90 20
nRT 0.1 ´ 0.083 ´ 647
1 1 1 V= = = 5.37 L
(moles)f 0 P 1
20 20 20
CO2 is absorbed by KOH. EXERCISE-III
So the remaning product is only CO.
1. HCl ® 0.1 M
moles of CO formed from both reactions
V = 10 mL = 10 × 10–3 L
21
1 1 1
= + = moles of HCl = M × V
20 20 10
0-

= 0.1 × 10 × 10–3 = 10–3

02

Produced mass of CO = moles × molar mass

No. of molecules = 10–3 NA
:2

1
= ´ 28 = 2.8 g Ans.
10 P1 V1 P2 V2
n

2. Given at NTP, =
io

14. (1) 18 mL water T1 T2

ss

As dH2O = 1 g/mL So WH2O = 18g

Se

700 mm ´ 760cc 760mm ´ V2

18 =
n H2 O = =1 273k 273k
18
V2 = 700 cc at NTP
molecules = 1 × NA
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

(2) 0.18 g of water 700 1

moles of gas = = mol
22400 32
0.18
n H2 O = = 0.01
18 1
No. of molecules = ´ NA
(molecules)H2O = 0.01 × NA 32

(3) (VH2O(g))STP = 0.00224 L 3. 1 mole of CO2 contains 32 oxygen

V 0.00224 Q 32 g Oxygen is present in 1 mol of CO 2

n H2 O = = = 0.0001
22.4 22.4 \ 8 g Oxygen is present in ¼ mol of CO 2

molecules = 0.0001 × NA 4. Q wt. of 224 mL = 1 g

–3
(4) nH2O = 10 \ wt of 22400 mL = 100 g (mol. wt)
–3
(molecules)H2O = 10 × NA
100
wt. of one atom = amu
3
E
 ®
312 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
6. 1 mol Mg3(PO4)2 contains Þ 8 moles of oxygen atoms 13. CaCO3 ® CaO + CO2
Q 8 mol of oxygen atoms are present in 1 mol 100 gm 22.4 L
of Mg3(PO4)2 10 gm 2.24 L
\ 0.25 mol of oxygen atoms are present in
1 gm 0.224 L
1 [Q CaCO3 is 90% pure so 10 g of CaCO3 contains
´ 0.25 mol of Mg3 (PO 4 )2
8 9 g pure CaCO3]

7. 22.4 L of water vapour=1 mol of water=18 g water \ vol. of CO2 evolved from (10 - 1 = 9 g) CaCO 3
= (2.24 – 0.224) L = 2.016 L
density of water = 1 g/mL
14. g eq. of CaCO3 = g eq. of HCl
volume of water = 18 mL.
8. 2 CHI3 + 6 Ag ® CH º CH + 6 AgI W1 W2 50 W2
= or =
E1 E2 50 36.5
2 mol 1 mol
W2 = 36.5 g HCl
Q 2 mol iodoform produces 1 mol of a gas
Q HCl is 20% by wt
= 22400 mL.
so 20 gm pure HCl is present in 100 g
\ 0.01 mol iodoform produces 1 mol of a
100
gas = 112 mL. \ 36.5 g pure HCl is present in 20 × 36.5 g
9. Cu+2 + H2S ® CuS + H2
15. Let at wt of metal = x
1 mol 1 mol oxide :- I
63.5 g 34 g M O
21
1
10. Ag2CO3 ® 2Ag + CO2 + O2 50 50
2 :
0-

x 16
1 mol. 2 mol
02

formula = MO
:2

¯ ¯ Hence x = 16

or 2.76 g 2.16 g In oxide II : M O

n
io

[Oxide of Ag is unstable & converted in Ag on heating] 40 60

formula of II oxide M2O3
ss

11. CaC2 + H2O ¾¾® HC º CH + CaO 16 16

Se

1 mol Þ 64 g. 1 mol. Þ 22.4 L 2 : 3

16. C3H8 + C4H10 = 3 L
Q 64 g of CaC2 produces
If vol. of C3H8 in mixture = a L
= 22.4 L gas at NTP
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

than vol. of C4H10 = (3 – a) L

\ 100 g of CaC2 will produce
C3H8 + 5O2 ¾¾® CO2 + 4H2O

22.4 1 vol. 3 vol.

= × 100 L gas at NTP aL 3a L
64

12. Compound is A2O3. Hence valency of A is 3 13

C4H10 + O2 ¾¾® 4CO2 + 5H2O
2
wt. of A = 0.359 g
Wt. of its oxide = 0.559 g 1 vol. 4 vol.
(3–a)L 4(3–a) L
\ wt. of oxygen =0.559–0.359=0.20g
Total vol. CO2 produce = 3a + 4(3–a)=10
0.359 a=2L
\ Eq. wt. of A = × 8 = 14.36
0.20
HenceC3H8 = 2L C4H10 = 1 L
\ At wt. of A = 3 × 14.36 = 43.08

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 313
18. wt. of 1 L of hydrocarbon = wt. of 1 L of CO 2
\ wt. of 22.4 L of hydrocarbon = wt. of 22.4 L of CO 2
(mol. wt of CO2) = 44 g
C3H8 have mol. wt = 44
19. Oxides I II
O S O S
50 : 50 60 : 40

2
1 : 1 1 :
3
ratio of wt. of sulphur 1 : 2/3
3:2
25. PbO + 2HCl ¾® PbCl2 + H2O
1 mol 2mol 1 mol 1 mol

6.5
Given moles of PbO = =0.029 mol
223

3.2
moles of HCl = =0.087 mol
36.5
here PbO is limiting reagent
Q 1 mol PbO gives 1 mol of PbCl2
\ 0.029 mol PbO gives 0.029 of PbCl2
21
0-
02
:2
n
io
ss
Se
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

E
 ®
314 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

EXERCISE-I 28. Orbital having angular node (l) = 3

12. Let percentage of first isotope be x then average Total node = Radial node + angular node
20 ( x ) + 22 (100 - x ) =n–l–1+l
at. wt = = 20.2
100 3=n–1
20 x + 2200 – 22 x = 2020
2x = 180 n=4
Isotope 1 = 90%, 2= 10% Subshell "nl" = 4f
31. For He+ , Z =2
29. nl = 2pr
1
En = – 13.6 × 2 (for H atom) n2
n nl = 2p a0
z
4
En = – 13.6 × 2 (for He+ ion)
n n2
59. Minimum frequency of spectral line is for first line nl = 2p × × 52.9 pm
of spectral series Z
æ1 1ö l = 2p × 52.9 × 2 pm
RZ2 ç - ÷
nmin (lyman) è 1 4ø 27 = 211.6 p pm
= =
nmin (Balmer) æ 1 1ö 5
RZ2 ç - ÷
è 4 9ø EXERCISE-III
64. n max lyman Þ n = ¥ to 1 1 2 é 1 1 ù éæ 1 ö 1 ù
nmax Bracket Þ n = ¥ to 4 11. = R (1) ê 2 - 2ú
= R êç ÷ - ú
l ë (2) ( 3) û ëè 4 ø 9 û
use Rydberg formulae
1 æ9-4ö æ 5 ö
80. v3 = 2.18 × 106 × m/s = 7.27 × 105 m/s = Rç ÷ = Rç ÷
3 è 36 ø è 36 ø
21
h 6.626 ´ 10-27
l= = 36 1 æ 36 ö
0-

mv 9.1 ´ 10-28 ´ 7.27 ´ 108 l= ´ =ç ´ 9.12 ´ 10-6 ÷ cm = 6.56 ´ 10-7

= 9.96 × 10–8 5 R è 5 ø
02

1 -2.178 ´ 10-18
lµ
:2

83. 16. E2 – E1 = + 2.178 ´ 10-18

v 4
l200 50 1 1
n

= = = 3
´ 2.178 ´ 10 –18 J
io

l50 200 4 2 =
4
ss

120. n+l = 7
n l hc 6.62 ´ 10-34 ´ 3 ´ 108
Se

l= =
7 0 Þ 7s E 2 - E1 3
´ 2.178 ´ 10-18
6 1 Þ 6p 4
5 2 Þ 5d = 1.22 × 10–7 m Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

4 3 Þ 4f é1 1 ù
18. E 3 - E2 = -13.6 ( Z2 ) ê - ú
3 4 l can not be > n ë4 9û

EXERCISE-II é1 1 ù
47.2 = – 13.6 × Z2 ê - ú
1 ë4 5û
5. Eµ
l Z2 = 25 Þ Z = 5
E1 l2 25 l2 37. Dx = DP = D ( mv ) = mDV
= Þ = Þ l1 = 2l2
E 2 l1 50 l1 h
Dx × DP =
\ n1 = 1 and n2 = 2 4p
26. The correct configuration of 'N' is h
DP × DP =
4p
ƒ

27. In spectrum of hydrogen atom, spectral lines of ( mDV )2 = h Þ DV = 1 h

4p 2m p
Balmer series lie in visible region.

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 315

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
EXERCISE-I x´ x x2
KC = Þ4=
( 4 - x ) ´ (4 - x ) ( 4 - x )2
[D]
19. KC = = K C1 ´ K C2 ´ K C3
[A] Taking root

= 2 × 4 × 6 = 48 x 8 8 4
2= Þ x= Þ CH3 COOH = 4 - =
39. X2 + Y2 2XY 4-x 3 3 3
53. 2AB(g) ƒ 2A(g) + B2(g)
1mol 2 mol
t=0 0 Initial pressure 500 0 0
1L 2L
At eq .m
500–2p 2p p
1- x 2- x 2x At eqm. total pressure 500 + p = 625
At eqm. p = 125 mm
3 3 3

2x PA2 PB2 (125 ´ 2)2 ´ 125

Q = = 0.6 mol / L So K P = 2
= = 125
3 PAB (250)2

Therefore, x = 0.9 67. For PCl5 ƒ PCl3 + Cl2

1 - 0.9 1 D T - DO
[X2] = = – 0.3 a=
3 3 DO

2 - 0.9 2 M w 208.5
[Y2] = = – 0.3 For PCl5 D T = = = 104.25
3 3 2 2
21
43. PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 Given D O1 = 70.2 at 200°C
0-

t=0 8 mol 0 0
02

and D O2 = 57.9 at 250°C

At eqm. 8 – 2 2 2
:2

Total moles at equilibrium = 10 mol D T - D O1 104.25 - 70.2

then a1 = = = 0.485
D O1 70.2
n
io

æ 2 öæ 2 ö
çè 10 ´ P÷ø çè 10 ´ P÷ø
ss

PPCl3 .PCl2 D T - D O2 104.25 - 57.9

= a2 = = = 0.80
D O2 57.9
Se

KP = PPCl5 æ 6 ö
çè 10 ´ P÷ø

EXERCISE-II
4P P
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

or KP = = 12. For reaction DH = – ve and Dng = – ve

60 15
\ High P, Low T, favour product formation.
46. 2NO ƒ N 2 + O2
a = 10% 4-0.4 0.2 0.2 at eqm.
EXERCISE-III
= 3.6 0.2 0.2
For this reaction Dng = 0 so KP = KC 17. Fe+3 + SCN– FeSCN+2
At t=0 3.1 3.2 0
æ 0.2 öæ 0.2 ö At eqm. 3.1–x 3.2–x x
[N2 ][O2 ] ç ÷ç ÷
K P = KC = = 0.25 øè 0.25
è ø= 1 Given
[NO]2 æ 3.6 ö
2
(18)2
ç ÷ x = 3.0 mol
è 0.25 ø
[FeSCN +2 ] 3
48. CH3COOH + C2 H5 OH ƒ CH3 COOC2 H5 + H2 O \ KC = = = 150
[Fe+3 ][SCN – ] 0.1 ´ 0.2
4 4 0 0
4-x 4-x x x

E
 ®
316 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
34. CO2 + C(s) 2CO 44. 2AB2 2AB + B2
At t=0 0.5 atm 0 At t=0 2 mol 0 0
At eqm. (0.5–x)atm 2x atm At eqm. 2–2x 2x x
Total moles at equilibriujm = 2 + x
Given
Peqm. = 0.5 + x = 0.8 atm 2
æ 2x ö æ x ö
\ x = 0.3 atm çè 2 + x .P ÷ø çè 2 + x .P ÷ø
KP = 2
æ 2 - 2x ö
(2 ´ 0.3) 2
çè 2 + x .P ÷ø
KP = = 1.8 atm
0.2

4x 3P 4x3 P
KP = =
(2 + x) (2 - 2x) 2
4(2 + x)(1 - x)2
Q x << 1
\ 2+x=2 and 1 – x = 1
1
x3 P æ 2K ö 3
\ KP = and x = ç P ÷
2 è P ø

21
0-
02
:2
n
io
ss
Se

Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 317

IONIC EQUILIBRIUM
EXERCISE-I M2 SO 4(s) ƒ 2M + ( aq ) + SO -42 ( aq )
65. 2s s
20. Nitrous acid is a weak acid so [H + ] = K a ´ C ,
Ksp of M2SO4 = 4s3 = 1.2 × 10–5 & [M+] = 2s
[ H+ ]2
pH = 2 i.e., [H+] = 10–2M; C =
Ka
72. Ksp of Mg(OH)2 = 1 × 10–11
39. CN is a conjugate base of HCN and for conjugate
–

acid-base pair Mg(OH)2(s) ƒ Mg+2 + 2OH–

pKa + pKb = 14
Ksp = [Mg+2][OH–]2
pKa of HCN = 14 – pKb = 14 – 4.7 = 9.3
NaCN is a WASB type of salt 1
æ K sp ö 2 æ 1 ´ 10-11 ö
[OH - ] = ç =ç -5
÷ = 10 N
1 1 ç [Mg +2 ] ÷÷ è 0.1 ø
è ø
So pH = 7 + pK a + log C
2 2

53. Ag2CrO4(s) ƒ 2Ag+(aq) + CrO4–(aq) 73. ZnS(s) ƒ Zn+2 (aq) + S–2 (aq)

Given [Ag+] = 2s = 1.5 × 10–4 M Qsp of ZnS = [Zn+2][S–2]

1.5 = (0.01)(8.1 × 10–21)

s= ´ 10-4 M
2
21
= 8.1 × 10–23
For Ag2CrO4 solubility product (Ksp) = 4s3
0-

55. Given solubility of AgCl in water is Qsp of ZnS < Ksp of ZnS so it will not be precipitated
02

1.43 × 10–4g/100mL CuS ƒ Cu+2 + S–2

:2

1.43 ´ 10-4 g ´ 1000 Qsp of CuS = [Cu+2][S–2]

n

but in mol L–1 is = = 10-5 M

io

143 ´ 100
= (0.01)(8.1 × 10–21)
ss

Ksp of AgCl = s2 = (10–5)2 = 10–10

Se

= 8.1 × 10–23

Qsp of CuS > Ksp of CuS so it will be precipitated

59. Given 7g of residue of CaCO3 is left ie 7g of CaCO3
75. Mg(OH)2(s) ƒ Mg+2 (aq) + 2OH– (aq)
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

is present per litre of Solution so solubility of CaCO 3

7
s= = 7 ´ 10-2 M ; K = s2 Ksp = [Mg+2][OH–]2
100 ´ 1 sp

1/2
æ K sp of Mg (OH)2 ö
64. PbCl2(s) ƒ Pb +2 ( aq ) + 2Cl - ( aq ) [OH- ] = ç ÷÷
s 2s ç [Mg+2 ]
è ø

Ksp = 4s3
83. H2CO3 is dibasic weak acid so [H+] = 2Ca
Given maximum concentration i.e. solubility = 10–2M
109. HCOOH + HCOONa is an acidic buffer solution.
Ksp = 4 × (10–2)3 = 4 × 10–6

In presence of 0.1M NaCl solution, solubility of PbCl2 C2 V2

pH = pKa + log C V
1 1
K sp
due to effect of common ion is s ' =
C2

E
 ®
318 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
130. CH3COOH + NaOH ƒ CH3COONa + H2O 20. solubility of BaSO4 = 2.42 × 10–3 gL–1

On addition of NaOH to CH3COOH solution, 60%

2.42 ´ 10-3
of the acid is neutralised ie after reaction 40% of \s= = 1.038 ´ 10-5 mol L-1
233
acid & 60% of salt are present which is an acidic
buffer solution.
Ksp = s2 = (1.038 × 10–5)2

[ Salt ] 60 = 1.08 × 10–10 mol2 L–2

pH = pK a + log = 4.7 + log = 4.88
[ Acid ] 40
21. Ca(OH)2(s) ƒ Ca+2(aq) + 2OH–(aq)
133. Mixture of NH4OH & NH4Cl solution is a basic S 2S
K [Base ]
buffer solution so éëOH ùû = b[
-
pH = 9 ; pOH = 5 ; [OH–] = 10–5 = 2S
] Salt

10 -5
HC2O4- + PO43 - ƒ HPO24- + C2O24-
S=
162. 2
Acid Base C.acid C.Base

Ksp = [Ca+2] [OH–]2

EXERCISE-II
Ksp = S × (2S)2
K b [Base] 0.3
7. [OH–] = = 1.8 ´ 10–5 ´ Ksp = 4S3
[Salt] 0.2
3
æ 10-5 ö
21
= 2.7 × 10 –5 Ksp = 4 ´ ç ÷
è 2 ø
0-

pOH = –log [OH–] = 5 – log2.7

Ksp = 0.5 × 10–15
02

= 5 – 0.43 = 4.57
22. Basic buffer is mixture of weak base and salt of weak
:2

and pH = 14 – 4.57 = 9.43 base with strong acid

n

14. Given mixture is a heterogeneous solution so

io

milli mole of HCl = 100 × 0.1 = 10 milli mole

ss

(N1V1)Base ~ (N2V2)Acid = (NV)net

milli mole of NH4OH = 200 × 0.1 = 20 milli mole
Se

19. As N1V1 > N2V2

HCl + NH4OH ® NH4Cl + H2O
So acid is left at the end of reaction
10 20 – – Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

N1 V1 - N 2 V2
Nfinal solution = [H+] = – 10 10
V1 + V2
23. NaOH(aq) is strong base solution

1 1 So, [OH–] = N = 10–2N

´ 75 - ´ 25
= 5 5
pOH = –log[OH–] = –log10–2 = 2
75 + 25
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 2
1 pH = 12
= = 0.1
10
24. HCl cannot act both as Bronsted acid and Bronsted
pH = –log[H+] = 1 base because HCl can only donate proton.

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 319
25. CaF2(s) ƒ Ca+2 (aq) + 2F–(aq) EXERCISE-III
(a –s') s' 2s'
2. S = 2.33 × 10–3 g/L
+ –
NaF(aq)® Na (aq) + F (aq)
S = 10–5 mol/L
C 0 0
Ksp = S2 = 10–10
0 C C

In solution- [F–] = (2s' + C) [ Ba +2 ] éëSO24- ùû

6. 10-9 =
K sp (BaSO 4 ) =
[F–] » C (due to common ion effect) or 10-2 ´ ëé SO -42 ûù
10-9 =
éë SO-42 ùû =
10 -7
K sp(CaF2 ) = [Ca +2 ].[F - ]2
But Q SP > K SP for precipitation

K sp(CaF2 ) = s '.C 2
so 4th option is correct
5.3 ´ 10-11
s' = 10. [H+ ] = K a ´ C = 10-3.37 ´ 10-2 = 2 ´ 10-3
(10-1 )2

s' = 5.3 ×10–9 mol L–1 pH = 3 – log2 = 2.69

pK a - pK b .02
20. pH = 7 + = 7+ = 7.01
2 2
21
39. Ka = Ka × Ka = 5 × 10–15
1 2
0-

48. Mixture is homogeneous solution so

02

N1V1 + N2V2 + N3V3 = (NV)net

:2

Given V1 = V2 = V3
n
io
ss
Se
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

E
 ®
320 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
THERMODYNAMICS AND CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
EXERCISE-I 69. Ag+ + HCl(aq) ¾® AgCl(s)¯ It is a spontaneous
6. For adiabatic process – q = 0 process so, DG = –ve.
according to FLOT – DE = q + W 70. At 283K(10°C) ice melts easily so it is a spontaneous
DE = W process.
so work is independent of path 75. DG° = –2.303 RT logK
17. DE = q + W = –2.303 × 8 5 10–3 × 300 × log10
DE = 100 × 4.2 J + (–300J) (Q q = 100 Cal) DG° = –5.527 kJ mol–1
DE = 120J 77. It is sublimation process
13 so endothermic (DH > 0) process.
27. C4H10(g) + O2(g) ¾® 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(g)
2 The entropy of gas is greater than solid so DS > 0.
Dng = + 1.5 \ DH > DE 88. Formation of NCl3 is an endothermic process.
36. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) ¾® 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) 91. 3O2 ¾® 2O3 ; DH = +ve
In Bomb calorimeter DE = –670.48 kCal mol–1 In endothermic reaction reactant is more stable than
DH = DE + DngRT product.
101. CaCO3(s) ¾® CaO(s) + CO2(g) ; DH = 42kJ
DH = – 670.48 – 1 × 2 × 10–3 × 298
DH = å(DEf)P – å(DEf)R
51. Diamond has least entropy due to its crystalline
42 = [(–152) + (–94)] – DHf(CaCO3)
structure.
\ DHf(CaCO3) = –246 – 42 = –288 kJ
DH
54. DS = 7
21
T 103. C2H6(g) + O ® 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ; DHComb.= ?
2 2(g)
0-

DH = 900 J/g
DH = å(DEf)P – å(DEf)R
02

DH = 900 × 18 J/mol and

DH = [2 × (– 94.1) +3 × (–68.3)] – [1 × (–21.1) + 0]
:2

boiling point of water = 373 K

DHComb. = – 372 KCal
900 ´ 18
n

\ DS = = 43.4 J/K-mol
373
io

105. C(s) + 1 O2 ¾® CO(g) ; DHf = ?

ss

2
æ V2 ö
55. DS = 2.303 nR log ç V ÷
Se

è 1ø DHf = å(DHComb.)R –å(DHComb.)P = (–393.5)–(–283)

106. C(s) + 2S(s) ¾® CS2(l) ; DHf = ?
æ 80 ö
DS = 2.303 × 5 × 8.314 log ç ÷ DHf = å(DHComb.)R –å(DHComb.)P
è 8 ø Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

63. DG = DH – TDS DHf = [1 × (–393.3) + 2 × (–293.72)]–(–1108.76)

= –11.7 × 103 – 298 × (–105) DHf = + 128.02 kJ mol–1

DG = +19590 J mol–1 109. 2NO2 ¾® N2O4 ; DHDimerization = ?

DG = +ve, so it is non spontaneous process DHDimerization = å(DHf)P – å(DHf)R

1 3 1 1
68. A + B2(g) ¾® AB3(g) ; DH = – 20 KJ 110. M O ¾® M + O2 ; DH = 120 kCal
2 2(g) 2 2 2 4

1 1
1 3 so M + O2 ¾® M O; DH = –120 kCal
DS° = å(S°)P – å (S°)R = 50 –( × 60 + × 40) 4 2 2
2 2
1
DS° = –40 JK-1 mol-1 according to equation when mol O2 reacts with
4
at equilibrium DG = 0 \ DH = T.DS metal DH = –120 kCal.
+20 ´ 1000 \ when 1 mol O2 reacts DH = – 120 × 4
T= = 500K
-40 DH = – 480 kCal

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 321
120. C(s) + O2(g) ¾® CO2(g)
15
111. C6H6(l) + O ¾® 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ; Heat of formation of CO2 and heat of combustion
2 2(g)
of carbon is same.
DH = –3264.4 kJ 121. In the combution of 0.4g CH4 produced heat is
1 mole C6H6 = 78g C6H6 undergoes combustion 0.25 KCal
then DH = – 3264.4 kJ \ In the combustion of 16g (1 mole) CH 4
\ when 7.8g C6H6 undergoes combustion 0.25
produced heat is = ´ 16 = 10 KCal mol–1
0.4
3264.4
DH = ´ 7.8 = 326.44 kJ 122. C6H12O6(s) + 9O2(g) ¾® 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) ;
78
DH = –680 KCal.
112. Higher the calorific value, better is the fuel. 680 KCal heat is released when 6 mole CO2 is
produced so,
DHComb.
Calorific value = Molecular weight æ 6 ö
170 KCal heat is released when ç ´ 170 ÷ mole
è 680 ø
114. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) ¾® 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ; DHComb.=? CO2 is produced.
DH = å (DHf)P – å(DHf)R \ Mass of CO2 produced
116. 112 L water gas contains 56 L CO and 56 L H 2. 6
= × 170 × 44 g = 66 g CO2
1 680
H2(g) + O2(g) ¾® H2O(g) ; DH = –241.8 kJ
2 124. C(s) + O2(g) ¾® CO2 ; DHf(CO2)
In the combustion of 1 mole. or DHcomb.(C) = –94 KCal
H2 = 22.4 L H2 the evolved heat = 241.8 kJ 1 mole = 12g C liberates 94 KCal heat
241.8
21
\ In the combustion of 56L H2 the DH = ´ 56 94
22.4 \ 3g C liberates = ´ 3 = 23.5 KCal
12
0-

\ DH = 604.5 kJ 127. Heat of neutralisation of strong acid and strong base

02

1 is constant, i.e., –13.7 KCal eq–1

CO(g) + O2(g) ¾® CO2(g) ; DH = – 283 kJ
:2

2 129. HCl + NaOH ¾® NaCl + H2O

By the combustion of 1 mole. CO = 22.4 L CO the OR
n

evolved heat = 283 kJ H+ + OH– ® H2O ; DH = – 55.9 KJ mol–1 ...(i)

io

\ By the combustion of 56 L CO the HCN + NaOH ® NaCN + H2O

ss

283 OR
DH = ´ 56 = 707.5 kJ
Se

22.4 HCN + OH– ® CN– + H2O ;

So, the total heat evolved =604.5+707.5=1312kJ DH = –12.1 KJ mol–1...(ii)
117. C12H22O11 + 12O2 ¾® 12CO2 + 11H2O ; HCN ® H+ + CN– ; DH = ?
DHComb.= –1349 kCal eq(iii) = eq(ii) – eq(i)
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

1349 KCal heat is produced by 1 mole sugar. DH3 = –12.1 –(–55.9) = 43.8 KJ
\ 2870 KCal heat is produced by 132. C2H4 + H2 ¾® C2H6 ; DHhydrogeneration = ?
DH = å(DHcomb)R – å(DHcomb)P
æ 1 ö 137. H – H(g) ¾® 2H(g) ; DH = ?
ç ´ 2870 ÷ mol sugar
è 1349 ø
Energy required to dissociate 4g H2 is 208 KCal.
1 \ Energy required to dissociate 1 mole (2g) is
\Mass of sugar = × 2870 × 342 g = 728 g
1349 208
´ 2 = 104 KCal mol–1
4
1
118. H2(g)+ O2(g)®H2O(l);DH=DHf(H2O) and DHcomb.(H2)
2 138. H2 + Cl2 ¾® 2HCl ; DH = – 182 kJ
C2H2 + H2 ¾® C2H4 ; DH = ? DH = å(B.E.)R – å(B.E.)P
DH = å(DHcomb)R – å(DHcomb)P
–182 = (430 + 242) – 2 × (B.E.)H–Cl
= [(–337.2) + (–68.3)] – (–363.7)
\ (B.E.)H–Cl = 427 KJ mol–1
DH = – 41.8 kCal

E
 ®
322 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN

H H H H 1
139. 166. H2(g) + O ¾® H2O(g) ; DHf = ?
C=C + (H–H) ® H C–C H ; DH = ? 2 2(g)
H H H H
DH = å(B.E.)R – å(B.E.)P 1
H2(g) + O ¾® H2O(l) ; DH = –68.32 KCal
DH = [1 × (B.E)C=C + 4 × (B.E.)C–H+1 × (B.E.)H–H] 2 2(g)

–[1 × (B.E.)C–C + 6 × (B.E.)C–H] H2O(l) ¾® H2O(g) ; DHVap = 10.52 KCal

140. H2(g) ¾® 2H(g) ; DH = 436 KJ mol–1
eq(i) = eq(ii) + eq(iii)
N2(g) ¾® 2N(g) ; DH = 941.8 KJ mol–1
DHf = (–68.32) + (10.52)
1
N + 3 H ¾® NH3(g) ; DH = – 46 KJ mol–1
2 2(g) 2 2(g) DHf = –57.80 KCal mol–1
NH3(g) ¾® N(g) + 3H(g) ; DHatom = ?
3 1
eq (iv) =
2
× eq (i) +
2
× eq (ii) – eq (iii) EXERCISE-II

3 1 1. DH = å(B.E.)R – å(B.E.)P
DHatom = × (436) + × (941.8) – (–46)
2 2
DH = [4 × (B.E.)H–H + 1 × (B.E.)C=C + 1 × (B.E.)H–H]
DHatom = 1170.9 KJ mol–1
– [6 × (B.E.)H–H + 1 × (B.E.)C–C]

141. CH4(g) ¾® C(g) + 4H(g) ; DH = + x1 KCal 2. For spontaneous process DG must be negative so,
according to Gibb's energy equation
x1
\ B.E. of C–H bond = KCal mol–1
4 DH – T.DS < 0
21
143. ICl(g) ¾® I(g) + Cl(g) ; DHBond = ? DH < TDS
0-

DH = å(DHf)P – å(DHf)R
02

DH
T>
149. SR + O2 ¾® SO2 ; DH1 = – 297.5 kJ DS
:2

SM + O2 ¾® SO2 ; DH2 = –300 kJ 170 ´ 1000J

\ T> Þ T > 1000 K
n

SR ¾® SM ; DH3 = ? 170JK -1
io

5. eq. (iii) = eq (i) – 2 × eq (ii)

ss

eq(iii) = eq(i) – eq(ii)

Se

DH3 = – 297.5 –(–300) DH3 = DH1 – 2 × DH2

DH3 = +2.5 kJ so, it endothermic process 8. H2(g) ¾® 2H; DH = ?

1 1 \ The dissociation energy of H–H bond

156. K(s) + O + H2(g) ¾® KOH(s) ; DHf = ?
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

2 2(g) 2
869.6
= = 434.8 kJ
Desired equation = eq(i) + (ii) – eq (iii) 2
DHf = (–68.39) + (–48) – (–14) 10. eq(iv) = 2 × eq(i) + eq(ii) – eq(iii)
160. H2(g) + S(s) + 2O2(g) ¾® H2SO4 ; DHf = ? DH4 = 2 × DH4 + DH2 – DH3
Desired equation = eq(i) + eq(iii) + eq(iv) + eq(ii) 12. H2O(l) ¾® H2O(g)
DHf = (–298.2) + (–130.2) + (–287.3) + (–98.7) DH = DE + Dng.RT
DHf = –814.4 KJ 40.66 = DE + 1 × 8.314 × 373 × 10–3
165. H2O(l) ¾® H2O(g) ; DHVap. = ? \ DE = 37.56 kJ mol–1
Desired equation = eq (ii) – eq(i)
DH 1.435 ´ 1000
DHVap. = (–241.84) – (–285.77) 13. DS = = Cal mol–1
T 273
DHVap. = +43.93 KJ mol–1

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 323
21. let B.E . of x 2 , y 2 & xy are x kJ mol –1 , EXERCISE-III
0.5x kJ mol–1 and x kJ mol–1 respectively
æ V2 ö
4. DS = 2.303 nR log ç V ÷
1 1 è 1ø
x2 + y2 ® xy; DH = -200 kJmol -1
2 2 8. DS( A ®B) = DS (A ® C) + DS (C ®D) - DS (B ® D)

DH = – 200 = S(B.E)Reactant – S(B.E)Product = 50 + 30 – 20 = 60 e.u.

11. DS° = å(S°)Products – å(S°)Reactants
é1 1 ù
= ê ´ ( x ) + ´ ( 0.5x ) ú – [1 ´ ( x ) ]
ë2 2 û 1 3
DS° = 50 – ( × 60 + × 40) = – 40 JK–1 mol–1
2 2
B.E of X2 = x = 800 kJ mol–1
DH° = – 30 kJ mol–1
22. W = –Pext (V2–V1)
Pext = 2 bar at equilibrium – DG = 0
V1 = 0.1 L
DH -30 ´ 1000Jmol -1
V2 = 0.25 L T= = = 750K
W = –2 bar[0.25 – 0.1] L
DS 40JK -1mol -1
W = –2 × 0.15 bar L
22. Heat of formation of H2O equation is
W = –0.30 bar L
W = (–0.30) × 100 = –30 J 1
Hence work done by the gas = 30 Joule H2(g) + O ® H2O(l) ; DH = –X2 kJ mol–1
2 2(g)
23. wpv = – Pext (Vf – Vi)
= – 105 Nm–2(10–2 m3 – 10–3 m3) 1 1
23. H + Cl2(g) ® HCl(g) ; DHf = –90 kJ mol–1
= – 105 Nm–2 ×10–3 [10 – 1]m3 2 2(g) 2
= – 900 J
21
DH = å (B.E.)Reactants – å (B.E.)Products
24. In adiabatic expansion cooling effect will take
0-

place, TC will be less then TA. 1 1

02

–90 = ( × 430 + × 240) – (B.E.)HCl

in adiabatic expansion q=0 2 2
:2

DU = w
\ (B.E.)HCl = 425 kJ mol–1
wpv < 0
n

DU < 0
io

nCvm DT < 0
ss

DT < 0
Se

TC – TA < 0
TC < TA
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

E
 ®
324 Pre-Medical : Chemistry ALLEN
REDOX REACTIONS

EXERCISE-I
EXERCISE-II
11. H—N C
hot & conc.
2. Cl2 ¾¾¾¾¾¾
® Cl– + ClO3–
alkaline medium

57. MnO4– + C2O42– ¾¾¾® Mn2+ + CO2

O.N. = +7 +3 +2 +4 4. MnO-4 + H2O2 ¾¾¾¾
acidic
medium
® Mn +2 + O2
vf 1 = +5 ( +7)
vf 2 = +2
7. MnO 4- ¾¾® Mn +2 ; 5e - gain (1)
n1vf1 = n2vf2
1 × 5 = n2 × 2 ( +3 ) ( +4)

5 C2 O4-2 ¾¾® CO2 ; 2e - loss (2)

n2 =
2
v.f. 1 = 5 multiplying (1) by 2 and (2) by 5 to balance e–

62. MnO4– + FeC2O4 ¾®Mn2+ + Fe3+ + CO2 2MnO4- + 5C2O -42 ¾¾® 2Mn +2 + 10CO2
+7 +2
+2 +3 +3 +4
on balancing charge;
v.f. 2 = 1+2 = 3
n1vf1 = n2vf2 2MnO4- + 5C2O4-2 + 16H + ¾¾® 2Mn+2 + 10CO2 + 8H2 O
n ×5 = 1 ×3 8. (a) 2Cu+ ® Cu+2 + Cu
3
n1 = é Cu + ® Cu +2 (oxidation) ù
5 ê + ú
ë Cu ® Cu (Re duction) û
21
(b) MnO42– ® MnO4– (oxidation)
0-

+6 +7
02

MnO42– ® MnO2 (Reduction)

:2

+6 +4
The above two reaction are disproportionation.
n
io
ss
Se

Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

E
 ®
ALLEN Pre-Medical : Chemistry 325

BEHAVIOUR OF GASES
EXERCISE-I 6. Vanderwaal constant (a) µ forces of attraction.
7. (Vm)real < (Vm)ideal
rCH4 Mw x
2. rCH4 = 2rx ; =2
rx Mw CH4 ( Vm )real
Z =
n H2 ( Vm )ideal
rH2 t = Mw O2
= Z < 1 and attractive forces are dominant.
8. rO2 n O2 Mw H2
t 8. PV = nRT
w H2 n = 1.8/18 = 0.1 mole
2 = 32 = 4
P = 1 bar
w O2 2
32 T = 374 + 273

VA = 647 K
rA t = Mw B
15. =
rB V Mw A nRT 0.1 ´ 0.083 ´ 647
B
V= = = 5.37 L
t P 1

50 Mw B
=
40 64
EXERCISE-III
VH2 2. At high pressure
rH2 t H2 Mw O2 P(V–b) = RT
21
= =
17. rO2 VO2 Mw H2 PV – Pb = RT
0-

t O2
RV Pb
02

- =1
50 RT RT
20 = 32
:2

40 2 Pb
t O2 Z = 1+
n

RT
io

Vm Vm 3. At low pressure
ss

28. Z = 1 ; <1 ; <1

Vi 22.4 æ a ö
Se

ç P + 2 ÷ (V) = RT
è V ø
EXERCISE-II a
PV + = RT
V
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\CHEM\ENG\MODULE-1\08-HINTS AND SOLUTIONS.P65

VA
rA tA Mw B PV a
= = + =1
1. rB VB Mw A RT VRT
tB a
Z = 1-
1 VRT
20 = Mw B
1 49
10
50
rA 150 = 36
2. =
rB 50 Mw A
200
5. Critical temperature µ vanderwaal constant(a)
maximum "a" Þ gas with maximum TC Þ easiest
liquification = NH3