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L. Idcsfp Alslr Nipfrfjfsis @rlvialruj
<. Afoicisi
Nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj laleln ifeunlc jule alc juctln nfklt efkin
alri <2 ilei sfnlri alelj jlsl ifnljielc ylc` alplt
jfcyfklkilc ifiurlc`lc glirlc, pfcuruclc kfrlt klalc, ltlu
`lc``ulc fefitrdeit, sfnic``l jfc`lc``u litivitls sfnlri-nlri alc
jfjklnlylilc jlcic alelj ilcauc`lc (Ilair ft le, ;2<=).
Nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj alplt jfjpfc`lruni stltus ifsfnltlc
iku sfrtl tujkun ifjklc` jlcic, plal ifnljielc <6 jic``u pfrtljl 02-
>2% wlcitl jfc`lelji jule alc juctln, 62% wlcitl jfc`lelji
juctln, sfjfctlrl 77% wlcitl nlcyl jfc`lelji jule. Lplkiel sfjul
jlilclc ylc` aijlilc aijuctlnilc plal iku nljie, jlil kfrlt
klalc lilc jfcuruc, tur`dr iueit kfriurlc` alc tijkue lsftdcuril
(Jdr`lc ft le, ;2<2).
;. Ielsioiilsi
Ielsioiilsi Nipfrfjfsis @rlvialruj Jfcurut (Inlylti, ;2<7) 8
l. Qic`ilt M
<) Mku jfrlsl efjln
;) Juctln tfrus jfcfrus ylc` jfjpfc`lruni iflallc ujuj
7) Closu jlilc tiali lal
1) Kfrlt klalc jfcuruc, tfjpfrltur tukun jfcic`ilt
6) Clai jfcic`ilt sfiitlr <22 pfr jfcit alc tfilclc alrln sistdeii
jfcuruc
6) Qur`dr iueit jfc`urlc`
0) Eialn jfc`fric` jltl gfiuc`
>) Jfrlsl cyfri plal fpi`lstriuj
k. Qic`ilt MM
<) Mku tljpli efkin efjln alc lpltis
;) Kfrlt klalc turuc
7) Qfcsi turuc, clai ifgie alc gfplt
1) Wunu ilalc`-ilalc` clii
6) Jltl sfaiiit iitfrii alc gfiuc`
6) Qur`dr iueit efkin jfc`urlc`
 0) Eialn jfc`fric` alc tljpli idtdr
>) Nfjdidcsfctrlsi, dei`uril, idcstiplsi
=) Lsftdc tfrgiuj alelj nlwl pfrclplslc, ilrfcl jfjpucyli lrdjl
ylc` inls alc alplt puel aitfjuilc alelj ifcgic`
g. Qic`ilt MMM
<) Iflallc ujuj efkin plrln
;) Juctln kfrnfcti
7) Ifslalrlc jfcuruc alri sdjcdefc sljpli idjl
1) Clai ifgie alc
gfplt 6) Wunu
jfcic`ilt
6) Qfcsi jfcuruc
0) Jueut ifric` alc idtdr, pfrclplslc klu lsftdc
>) Jltl gfiuc` alc tijkuecyl iitfrus
7. Ftided`i
Rfcyfklk nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj kfeuj aiiftlnui sfglrl plsti. Qiali
lal kuiti klnwl pfcyliit ici aisfklkilc defn olitdr tdisii, ju`l
tiali aitfjuilc ifeliclc kidiijil. Rfruklnlc-pfruklnlc lcltdjii
plal dtli,
jlctuc`, nlti, alc susuclc slrlo, aisfklkilc defn ifiurlc`lc vitljic
sfrtl zlt-zlt elic liiklt iclcisi.
Jfcurut (Inlylti, ;2<7) tfralplt kfkfrlpl olitdr prfaispdsisi alc
olitdr elic, ylitu 8
l) Olitdr prfaispdsisi 8 priji`rlvial, dvfraistfcsi rlnij (niarljcidc,
ifnljielc `lcal, fstrd`fc alc NG@ tic``i, jdel nialtiadsl)
k) Olitdr dr`lcii 8 jlsuicyl viei indrileis alelj siriuelsi jltfrcle,
pfruklnlc jftlkdeii liiklt nljie, rfsistfcsi ylc` jfcuruc alri pinli
iku alc lefr`i.
g) Olitdr psiided`is 8 rujln tlc``l ylc` rftli, nljie ylc`
tiali aiic`icilc, tliut tfrnlalp ifnljielc alc pfrsleiclc, tliut
tfrnlalp tlc``uc` jlwlk sfkl`li iku alc ifnielc`lc pfifrjllc. Wfelic itu
jfcurut (Husuo GF, ;2<6) riwlylt `fstlsi ju`l alplt jfjpfc`lruni
pfcyfklk nipfrfjfsis, aijlcl iku nljie ylc` jfc`lelji jule alc
juctln sfiitlr 62->2% plal (priji`rlvial), 12-62% plal
(jueti`rlvial).
1. Jlciofstlsi Ieicis
Qlcal `fjlel Nipfrfjfsis @rlvialruj Jfcurut (Inlylti, ;2<7) 8
@fjlel utljl nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj laleln jule alc juctln sllt nljie,
ylc` kisl tfrjlai nic``l efkin alri 7-1 ilei sfnlri. Idcaisi ici kisl sljpli
jfc`liikltilc nielc`cyl closu jlilc alc pfcuruclc kfrlt klalc. Juctln
ylc` kfrefkinlc ju`l alplt jfcyfklkilc iku nljie jfrlsl pusic`, efjls,
alc jfc`lelji afniarlsi.
Wfelic jule alc juctln sfglrl kfrefkinlc, pfcafritl nipfrfjfsis
`rlvialruj ju`l alplt jfc`lelji `fjlel tljklnlc kfrupl 8
l) Wliit ifplel
k) Idcstiplsi
g) Wlc`lt sfcsitio tfrnlalp klu
a) Rrdauisi lir eiur kfrefkinlc
f) Mcidcticfcsil uricf
o) Hlctuc` kfrafklr
@fjlel nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj kilslcyl jucgue ai usil ifnljielc 1-
6 jic``u alc jueli jfrfal plal usil ifnljielc <1-;2 jic``u. Jule alc
juctln ylc` airlslilc iku nljie gfcafruc` lilc jfjkult jfrfil jfcjlai
efkin efjln alc lilc jfcic`iltilc ifgfjlsllc tfrnlalp ifjlailc ylc`
efkin plrln. Jlsleln psiided`is ju`l kfrpfrlc plal plrlncyl jule
alc juctln sfrtl pfrifjklc`lc nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj. Jlsleln
psiided`is ylc` tfrjlai plal iku nljie lilc gfcafruc` jfc`lelji jule
alc juctln alelj ifnljielc, ltlu jfjpfrkurui `fjlel ylc`
sualn lal sfrtl jfc`urlc`i ifjljpulc uctui jfc`ltlsi `fjlel
cdrjle. Wfelic itu iftialisfijklc`lc psiided`is iku nljie sfpfrti
gfjls, rlsl kfrsleln, jfc`lsinlci airi sfcairi, ic`ic jfc`ltlsi
idcoeii sfglrl sfrius, iftfr`lctuc`lc ltlu nielc` ifcalei lilc
jfjpfrkfrlt iflallc jule alc juctln ylc` aileljicyl sfnic``l
lilc efkin aitliutilc iflallc jule juctln tfrsfkut jfcjlai efkin
kurui alc jfcyfklkilc tfrjlaicyl nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj (Qirlc,
;22>).
6. Rltdoisided`i
Nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj ylc` jfruplilc idjpeiilsi jule
alc juctln plal nljie jual tfrjlai tfrus jfcfrus alplt
jfcyfklkilc afniarlsi alc tiali sfijklc`cyl fefitrdeit afc`lc
leiledsis nipdiedrfjii. Nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj alplt jfc`liikltilc
glalc`lc ilrkdniarlt alc efjli nlkis tfrplili uctui ifpfreulc fcfr`i.
Ilrfcl disialsi efjli ylc` tiali sfjpurcl tfrjlaieln iftdsis afc`lc
tfrtijkuccyl lslj lsftdc-lsftii, lslj niardisi kutirii alc lsftdc alelj
alrln. Ifiurlc`lc vdeujf glirlc ylc` aijicuj alc ifnielc`lc
ilrfcl juctln jfcyfklkilc afniarlsi sfnic``l glirlc fistrlsfeuefr alc
pelsjl
kfriurlc`. Cltriuj alc inedrial lir ifjin turuc.
Wfelic itu ju`l alplt jfcyfklkilc nfjdidcsfctrlsi sfnic``l leirlc
alrln kfriurlc`. Ifiurlc`lc ileiuj sfkl`li liiklt alri juctln
alc
kfrtljklncyl fisirfsi efwlt `icjle jfcljkln orfiufcsi juctln efkin
klcyli, alplt jfrusli nlti alc tfrjlaieln eic`ilrlc ylc` sueit aipltlnilc.
Wfelic afniarlsi alc tfr`lc``ucyl ifsfijklc`lc fefitrdeit alplt
tfrjlai rdkfilc plal sfelput efcafr fsdpnl`us alc <; eljkuc` (Wicardjl
Jleedry Pfiss) afc`lc liiklt pfralrlnlc `lstrdictfsticle (Inlylti, ;2<7).
 6. Rltnwly

Olitdr Rrfaispdsisi Olitdr Rsiided`is 8 Olitdr Dr`lcii 8 Lcti`fc

8 Wtrfss, klru jlcic alc Relsfctl,
Ifnljielc `lcal, Iurlc` suppdrt sdsile viei idrileis
Jdelnialtiadsl

Jdtieitls
NG@ alc Fstrd`fc @lstrdictfsticle jfcuruc Kfrelwlclc afc`lc Lcti`fc iku,
jfcic`ilt
jlsui if alelj siriuelsi
pfrfalrlc alrln iku

Jfrlc`slc` nipdtleljus
Jfrlc`slc` WWR
Rfruklnlc jftlkdeii

Litivlsi alc stijuelsi

GQ;

Lslj eljkuc` jfcic`ilt

Nipfrfjfsis @rlvialruj

Mritlsi plal sfelput Closu jlilc Afniarlsi Qur`dr

efcair fsdpnl`us & kfriurlc` iueit jfcuruc
eljkuc`

Ifnielc`lc @lc``ulc
Rfralrlnlc Kfrlt klalc glirlc kfrefkin Mctf`ritls
`lstrdictfsticle jfcuruc

Nipdvdefjil
@lc``ulc [lsl Afoisit Cutrisi
C ljlc

Wujkfr 8 Aziiirueeln [izii (;2<7), PDG Nipfrfjfsis (;2<=) alc Qij Rdijl WAIM
ARR RRCM (;2<0)
0. Idjpeiilsi
Jfcurut (Nutlnflc, ;2<7) idjpeiilsi nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj laleln 8
l) Afniarlsi kfrlt
k) Mitfrii
g) Qliiilrail
a) Wunu jfcic`ilt
f) Leiledsis
o) Ifelplrlc
`) @lc``ulc fjdsidcle ylc` kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc ifnljielc
n) Jfclrii airi
i) Afprfsi
>. Rfjfriisllc Rfcucjlc`
Rfjfriisllc elkdrltdriuj ylc` aieliuilc plal pfcyliit nipfrfjfsis
`rlvialruj jfcurut (Curlrio & Iusujl, ;2<6) 8
l) VW@ (afc`lc jfc``uclilc wlitu ylc` tfplt) 8 jfc`ilji usil `fstlsi
jlcic alc lalcyl `fstlsi juetipfe, jfcaftfisi lkcdrjleitls jlcic,
jfedileislsi pelsfctl
k) Vricleisis 8 iuetur, jfcaftfisi klitfri,KVC
g) Rfjfriisllc ouc`si nfplr 8 LWQ, LEQ alc ilalr EAN
=. Rfcltlelilslcllc Nipfrfjfsis @rlvialruj
Rfcltlelislcllc ylc` alplt aikfriilc plal ilsus nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj
jfcurut (Inlylti, ;2<7) ylitu afc`lc glrl 8
l) Jfjkfriilc pfcfrlc`lc tfctlc` ifnljielc alc pfrsleiclc sfkl`li sultu
prdsfs ylc` oisided`ii.
k) Jfjkfriilc ifyliiclc klnwl jule alc ilalc`-ilalc` juctln
`fjlel ylc` oisided`ii plal ifnljielc jual alc lilc nielc` sftfeln
ifnljielc 1 kuelc.
g) Jfc`lcjurilc jfc`ukln jlilc sfnlri-nlri afc`lc jlilclc alelj
jujeln ifgie tftlpi sfric`.
a) Jfc`lcjurilc plal wlitu klc`uc pl`i jlc`lc sf`frl turuc alri tfjplt
tiaur, tfrefkin alnueu jlilc rdti ifric` ltlu kisiuit afc`lc tfn nlc`lt.
f) Jlilclc ylc` kfrjicyli alc kfrklu efjli sfkliicyl ainicalri.
o) Jlilclc aisljiilc alelj iflallc plcls ltlu slc`lt aic`ic.
`) Jfc`nicalri ifiurlc`lc ilrkdaiarlt jfruplilc olitdr
pfctic`, ailcjurilc jlilclc ylc` klcyli jfc`lcauc`
`uel.
Lplkiel afc`lc glrl ailtls ifeunlc alc `fjlel tiali jfc`urlc`, jlil
aipfreuilc sfpfrti 8
<) Dklt-dkltlc
l) Wfaltivl 8 Rnfcdklrkitle
k) _itljic 8 _itljic K< alc K6 ltlu K idjpefis
g) Lcti nistljicf 8 arljljic, lvdjic
a) Lcti fjftii (plal iflallc efkin kfrlt) 8 Aiseiidjic niardiedriaf
ltlu inedrprdjlsicf.
f) Rfclc`lclc nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj ylc` efkin kfrlt pfreu aiifedel
ai rujln sliit
;) Msdelsi
Rfcafritl aisfcairiilc alelj iljlr ylc` tfclc`, tftlpi
gfrln alcpfrfalrlc ualrl ylc` klii, gltlt glirlc ylc` ifeulr jlsui,
nlcyl aditfr alc pfrlwlt ylc` kdefn jlsui if alelj iljlr pfcafritl
sljpli juctln kfrnfcti plal pfcafritl jlu jlilc. Qiali aikfriilc
jlilclc ltlu jicujlc alc sfeljl ;1 jlj.
7) Qfrlpi psiided`iil
Rfreu aiyliicilc ifplal pfcafritl klnwl pfcyliit alplt
aisfjkunilc, nielc`ilc rlsl tliut defn ilrfcl ifnljielc, iurlc`i
pfifrjllc sfrtl jfc`nielc`ilc jlsleln alc idcoeii.
1) Glirlc plrfctfrle
Glirlc ylc` guiup fefitrdeit, ilrkdniarlt alc prdtfic afc`lc `euidsl 6%
alelj glirlc oisided`is (;-7 eitfr/nlri), alplt aitljkln ileiuj
alc vitljic (vitljic K idjpefi, vitljic G), kiel ifiurlc`lc prdtfic
alplt aikfrililc lslj ljicd sfglrl ictrlvfcl, kiel alelj ;1 jlj
pfcafritl tiali juctln alc iflallc ujuj jfjklii alplt aikfriilc
jicujlc alc eljklt eluc jlilclc ylc` tiali glir.
6) Jfc`nfctiilc ifnljielc
 Kiel iflallc jfjkurui aieliuilc pfjfriisllc jfaii alc psiiiltrii,
jlciofstlsi idjpeiilsi dr`lcis laleln afeiriuj, tliiilrai, iitfrus, lcuril
alc pfralrlnlc alelj iflallc afjiiilc pfreu aipfrtijklc`ilc uctui
jfc`liniri ifnljielc iflallc ylc` jfjfreuilc pfrtijklc`lc `u`ur
ilcauc` ailctlrlcyl8
l) @lc``ulc ifjiwllc aitlcali afc`lc 8 afeiriuj, lpltis,
sdjcdefc sljpli idjl, tfrjlai `lc``ulc jiwl.
k) @lc``ulc pfc`einltlc aitlcali afc`lc 8 pfcalrlnlc
rfticl, ifjucaurlc pfc`einltlc.
g) @lc```ulc olle aitlcali afc`lc 8 nlti alelj kfctui iitfrus,
`icjle alelj kfctui lcuril, jlctuc` alc pfjkueun alrln
tfrjlai clai jfcic`ilt, tfilclc alrln jfcuruc.
K. Idcsfp Alslr Lsunlc Ifpfrlwltlc
<. Rfc`iljilc altl sukjfitio

• Kidaltl

Altl ici jfeiputi8 cljl ieifc alc sulji, usil, suiu klc`sl, l`ljl,
pfcaiaiilc tfrlinir, pfifrjllc alc pfc`nlsielc sfrtl leljlt (Jlcuruc`,
;2<<). Vsil, ;2 tlnuc alc 3 76 tlnuc efkin kfrisiid tfrnlalp ifjlailc
nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj (Lclslri, ;2<;). Rfifrjllc, iku ylc`
kfifrjl efkin kfrisiid tfrnlalp ifjlailc nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj
(Wdfilctd,
;226). Rfcaiaiilc, jfjpucyli pfc`lrun alelj kfrpfrieliu ifsfnltlc
(jislecyl pfjfriisllc ifsfnltlc kl`i iku nljie (Vjkdn, ;2<1).

• [iwlylt Ifsfnltlc Wfilrlc`

Rlal riwlylt ifsfnltlc sfilrlc` tfralplt ifeunlc ylc` airlslilc defn
iku sfsuli afc`lc `fjlel-`fjlel plal nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj, ylitu 8
jule alc juctln ylc` tfrus ‗ jfcfrus, jfrlsl efjln alc ifefelnlc,
jfrlsl nlus alc tfrlsl lslj ai jueut, sfrtl idcstiplsi alc afjlj.
Wfelcjutcyl ju`l alplt aitfjuilc kfrlt klalc ylc` jfcuruc. Qur`dr
iueit ylc` kurui alc `lc``ulc fefitrdeit. Qfrjlaicyl dei`uril, tliiilrail,
jltl gfiuc`, alc iitfrus (Jitlylci, ;22=).

• [iwlylt Ifsfnltlc Alnueu

 Ifjuc`iiclc iku pfrcln jfc`lelji nipfrfjfsis
`rlvialruj sfkfeujcyl, ifjuc`iiclc iku
pfrcln jfc`lelji pfcyliit ylc`
kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc sleurlc pfcgfrcllc ylc` jfcyfklkilc jule
juctln (Jitlylci, ;22=).

• [iwlylt Ifsfnltlc Ifeulr`l

Ifjuc`iiclc lalcyl riwlylt ifnljielc `lcal plal ifeulr`l

• [iwlylt Jfcstrulsi
l) Ifjuc`iiclc jfclrgnf usil <;-<1 tlnuc
k) Wiieus ;>-72 nlri
g) Eljlcyl 6-0 nlri
a) Klcylicyl ;-7 ilei `lcti aui/nlri
f) Ifjuc`iiclc lal ifeunlc wlitu nlia sfpfrti cyfri, sliit ifplel, alc
juctln


[iwlylt Rfrilwiclc
Ifjuc`iiclc tfrjlai plal pfrilwiclc usil jual

• [iwlylt ifnljielc alc pfrsleiclc

➢ Nljie jual 8 iku pusic`, jule alc juctln, sfrtl tiali lal closu
jlilc.
➢ Nljie tul 8 pfjfriisllc ujuj tfrnlalp iku jfc`fcli kfrlt klalc,
tfilclc alrln, alc tic`ilt ifslalrlc.

• [iwlylt ifeulr`l kfrfcglcl

Rfc``ucllc idctrlsfpsi ndrjdcle aiau`l jfjpfc`lruni tfrjlaicyl jule

juctln ylc` alplt jfjpfc`lruni pfcyfrlplc jule alc juctln

sfnic``l alplt jfjpfrplrln jule alc juctln (Qirlc, ;22>).

• Altl Rsiided`i

[iwlylt psiided`i slc`lt pfctic` aiilji l`lr alplt aiiftlnui iflallc

jiwl iku sfnukuc`lc afc`lc pfrieliu tfrnlalp ifnljielc. Iflallc jiwl
iku ylc` elkie, jualn jlrln, gfjls, tliut lilc if`l`lelc pfrsleiclc,
jualn jfclc`is, sfain, sfrtl ififgfwllc alplt jfjpfrkfrlt jule alc
juctln. Rdel pfrtlnlclc airi idpic` ylc` ai`uclilc iku
kfr`lctuc`
plal pfc`leljlccyl tfrnlalp ifnljielc sfrtl auiuc`lc alir

ifeulr`l alc pfrlwlt.

 • Rlritls
Rlritls klcyli (efkin alri 1) jfjpucyli risiid tic``i tfrjlaicyl
nipfrfjfsis `rlvialruj (Lccisl, ;2<;).

• Rdel pfjfcunlc ifkutunlc sfnlri-nlri


Jlilc 8 Orfiufcsi, jfcis jlilclc, jujeln, plctlc`lc, alc
jlilclc ifsuillc.
➢ Jicuj 8 Orfiufcsi, klcylicyl, jfcis jicujlc, alc
jicujlc ifsuillc.
➢ Mstirlnlt 8 Wilc`, jlelj, alc ifeunlc
➢ Rfrsdcle ny`ifcif 8 Jlcai, siilt `i`i, `lcti klju, `lcti gfelcl
alelj alc krl, pdtdc` iuiu, alc ifrljls.
➢ Litivitls8 Aitfjplt alc airujln
➢ Nukuc`lc Wfisule8 Orfiufcsi alc ifeunlc

;. Rfc`iljilc Altl Dkjfitio

l) Rfrclplslc
Orfiufcsi pfrclplslc jfcic`ilt
k) Wtltus niarlsi jfeiputi tur`dr iueit, iflallc jfjkrlc juidsl (ifric`
ltlu efjklk), alc dei`uril
g) Wtltus ilraidvlsiuefr sfpfrti iuleitls clai (iult ltlu efjln), tliiilrail,
ltlu tfrjlaicyl nipdtfcsi drtdstltii
a) Iflallc lkadjfc
Jfeiputi sulrl lkadjfc (kilslcyl nipdlitio jfruplilc iflallc cdrjle

alelj ifnljielc), lalcyl cyfri efpls ltlu cyfri tfilc, lalcyl aistfcsi,
lalcyl nfpltdspefcdjf`lei, alc tlcal Jurpny alc tlcal Jg.Kurcfy”s.
f) @fcitduriclril
Wfpfrti cyfri idstdvfrtfkrle alc cyfri suprlpukii
o) Feijiclsi
Wfpfrti pfruklnlc plal idcsistfcsi ofgfs, idcstiplsi, alc pfcuruclc
orfiufcsi kfrifjin
`) Wfisuleitls
Rfc`nfctilc jfcstrulsi, kiel iflallc iku jfjklnlylilc jlil

aieliuilc lkdrtus tfrlpfutii

 n) Litivitls istirlnlt
Mstilnlt iurlc`, tfrjlai ifefjlnlc tfilclc alrln sistde jfcuruc, alc
afcyut clai jfcic`ilt (3<22 ilei pfr jfcit)
i) Ifljlclc
Wunu ilalc` clii, klalc efjln, iitfrus, alc alplt jltun alelj idjl
j) Iflallc jlcic
Jfeiputi pfjfriisllc afcyut jlctuc` jlcic, tic``i oucaus utfrus, alc
pfrifjklc`lc jlcic (lpliln sfsuli afc`lc usil ifnljielc)

7. Ail`cdsis Ifpfrlwltlc ylc` jucgue ieifc nipfrfjfsis `rlviauj ylitu 8

➢ @lc``ulc rlsl cyljlc kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc `fjlel
pfcyliit, iftialilafiultlc sujkfr alyl (jis.auiuc`lc oiclcsile,
sdgile alc
pfc`ftlnulc), `lc``ulc lalptlsi ifnljielc.
➢ Afoisit cutrisi kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc iurlc`cyl lsuplc
jlilclc, iftialijljpulc jfcgfrcl jlilclc, pfcic`iltlc
ifkutunlc jftlkdeisjf, olitdr psiided`is (jis. strfss, iffc``lclc uctui
jlilc)
➢ @lc``ulc ictf`ritls iueit/jlric`lc kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc Rfruklnlc stltus
cutrisi (ifefkinlc ltlu ifiurlc`lc), ifiurlc`lc/ifefkinlc
vdeujf glirlc, pfcuruclc jdkieitls, pfruklnlc ndrjdcle, sunu
eic`iuc`lc ylc` fistrfj
➢ Nipdvdefjil kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc ifnielc`lc glirlc litio, ifiurlc`lc
ictlif glirlc
1. Mctfrvfcsi Ifpfrlwltlc
Cd Ail`cdsis ifpfrlwltlc WEIM WMIM
<. @lc``ulc rlsl Wftfeln aieliuilc Jlcljfjfc cyfri
cyljlc
ticalilc ifpfrlwltlc Dksfrvlsi8
kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc
sfeljl <x ;1 jlj ➢ Mafctioiilsi
`fjlel pfcyliit,
ainlrlpilc stltus edilsi,
iftialilafiultlc
ifcyljlclc ilrfitfristii,
sujkfr alyl
jfcic`ilt. aurlsi,
(jis.auiuc`lc
Afc`lc iritfril nlsie 8 orfiufcsi,
oiclcsile, sdgile alc
➢ Ifsfjlntfrllc iuleitls,
pfc`ftlnulc),
oisii jfcic`ilt ictfcsitls cyfri
`lc``ulc lalptlsi
➢ Mafctioiilsi silel
ifnljielc.  Ifsfjlntfrlllc
cyfri
psiided`is
➢ Mafctioiilsi
jfcic`ilt
rfspdcs cyfri
➢ Auiuc`lc sdsile
cdc vfrkle
alri ifeulr`l
➢ Mafctioiilsi
jfcic`ilt
olitdr ylc`
➢ Auiuc`lc sdsile
jfjpfrkfrlt alc
alri tfjlc
jfjpfric`lc
jfcic`ilt
cyfri
➢ Rfrlwltlc sfsuli
Qfrlpfutii
ifyliiclc kualyl
➢ Kfriilc
jfcic`ilt
tficii cdc
➢ Rfrlwltlc sfsuli
olrjlided`is
ifkutunlc
uctui
jfcic`ilt
jfc`urlc`i
➢ [iefis jfcic`ilt
rlsl cyfri
➢ Ifeunlc tiali
(jis.
cyljlc jfcuruc
QFCW, nypcdsis,
➢ @feisln jfcuruc
liuprfsur,
➢ Ifkisic`lc
tfrlpi jusig,
jfcuruc
kidoffaklgi,
➢ Ifeunlc sueit tiaur
tfrlpi pijlt,
jfcuruc
lrdjltfrlpi,
➢ Ifeunlc
tficii
ifaic`iclc
jfcuruc
ijljiclsi
➢ Ifeunlc ifplclslc
tfrkijkic`,
jfcuruc
idjprfs
nlc`lt/aic`ic,
tfrlpi kfrjlic)
➢ Idctrde
eic`iuc`lc
ylc`
jfjpfrkfrlt rlsl
cyfri (jis.
sunu rulc`lc,
pfcglnlyllc,
 ifkisic`lc)
➢ Olsieitlsi
istirlnlt alc
tiaur
➢ Rfrtijklc`ilc
jfcis alc sujkfr
cyfri alelj
pfjieinlc strltf`i
jfrfalilc cyfri
Fauilsi
➢ Hfelsilc
pfcyfklk,
pfridaf, alc
pfjigu cyfri
➢ Hfelsilc
strltf`i
jfrfalilc cyfri
➢ Lcjurilc
jfjdcitdr
cyfri sfglrl
jlcairi
➢ Lcjurilc
jfc``uclilc
lcle`ftii sfglrl
tfplt
➢ Ljlrilc tficii
cdcolrjlided`is
uctui
jfc`urlc`i rlsl
cyfri
Idelkdrlsi
➢ Idelkdrlsi
pfjkfrilc
lcle`ftii, jiil
pfreu
;. Afoisit cutrisi Wftfeln aieliuilc Jlcljfjfc cutrisi
kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc ticalilc Dksfrvlsi 8
iurlc`cyl lsuplc ifpfrlwltlc sfeljl ➢ Mafctioiilsi
jlilclc, <x ;1 jlj stltus cutrisi
iftialijljpulc ainlrlpilc stltus ➢ Mafctioiilsi lefr`i
jfcgfrcl jlilclc, cutrisi jfjklii. alc
pfcic`iltlc ifkutunlc Afc`lc iritfril nlsie 8 ictdefrlcsi
jftlkdeisjf, olitdr ➢ Ifiultlc dtdt jlilclc
psiided`is (jis. strfss, pfc`ucyln ➢ Mafctioiilsi
iffc``lclc uctui jfcic`ilt jlilclc ylc`
jlilc) ➢ Ifiultlc dtdt aisuili
jfcfelc ➢ Mafctioiilsi
jfcic`ilt ifkutunlc iledri
➢ Wfruj lekujic alc jfcis cutrifc
jfcic`ilt ➢ Mafctioiilsi
➢ _frkleislsi pfreucyl
ific`iclc ucti pfc``ucllc
jfcic`iltilc sfelc`
cutrisi jfcic`ilt clsd`lstrii
➢ Rfc`ftlnulc ➢ Jdcitdr
tfctlc` pieinlc lsuplc jlilclc
jlilclc ylc` ➢ Jdcitdr kfrlt
sfnlt jfcic`ilt klalc
➢ Rfc`ftlnulc ➢ Jdcitdr nlsie
tfctlc` pieinlc pfjfriisllc
jicujlc ylc` elkdrltdriuj
sfnlt jfcic`ilt Qfrlpfutii
➢ Rfc`ftlnulc ➢ Eliuilc drle
tfctlc` stlcalr ny`ifcf
lsuplc cutrisi sfkfeuj
ylc` tfplt jlilc, jiil pfreu

jfcic`ilt ➢ Olsieitlsi

➢ Orfiufcsi jfcfctuilc

jlilc jfjklii pfadjlc aift

➢ Closu (jis.
jlilc

pirljial
 jfjklii jlilclc)
➢ Kisic` usus ➢ Wljiilc jlilclc
jfjklii sfglrl
➢ Qfkle eipltlc jfclrii alc
iueit trisfp sunu ylc` sfsuli
jfjklii ➢ Kfriilc jlilclc
➢ Jfjkrlc tic``i sfrlt uctui
juidsl jfjklii jfcgf`ln
idcstiplsi
➢ Kfriilc jlilclc
tic``i iledri
alc tic``i
prdtfic
➢ Kfriilc
supefjfc
jlilclc, jiil
pfreu
➢ Nfctiilc
pfjkfrilc jlilc
jfeleui sfelc`
clsd`lstrii
jiil lsuplc drle
alplt aitdefrlcsi
Fauilsi
➢ Lcjurilc
pdsisi auaui,
jiil jljpu
➢ Lcjurilc aift
ylc`
aiprd`rljilc
Idelkdrlsi
➢ Idelkdrlsi
pfjkfrilc
 jfaiilsi sfkfeuj
jlilc (jis.
pfrfal cyfri,
lctifjftii),
jiil
pfreu
➢ Idelkdr lsi
afc`lc lnei
`izi uctui
jfcfctuilc
jujeln iledri alc
jfcis cutrifc ylc`
aikutunilc,
7. @lc``ulc ictf`ritls Wftfeln aieliuilc
jiil
iueit/jlric`lc ticalilc
pfreu
kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc ifpfrlwltlc sfeljl Rfrlwltlc ictf`ritls

Rfruklnlc stltus cutrisi <x ;1 jlj iueit

(ifefkinlc ltlu ainlrlpilc ictf`ritls Dksfrvlsi

ifiurlc`lc), iueit alc jlric`lc ➢ Mafctioiilsi

ifiurlc`lc/ifefkinlc jfcic`ilt. pfcyfklk

vdeujf glirlc, Afc`lc iritfril nlsie 8 `lc``ulc

pfcuruclc jdkieitls, ➢ Felstisitls ictf`ritls
pfruklnlc jfcic`ilt iueit (jis.
ndrjdcle, sunu ➢ Niarlsi jfcic`ilt
eic`iuc`lc ylc` ➢ Rfrousi jlric`lc pfruklnlc
fistrfj jfcic`ilt siriuelsi,
➢ Ifruslilc jlric`lc pfruklnlc stltus
jfcuruc cutrisi,
➢ Ifruslilc elpislc pfcuruclc
iueit jfcuruc ifefjklklc, sunu
➢ Cyfri jfcuruc eic`iuc`lc
➢ Rfralrlnlc fistrfj,
jfcuruc pfcuruclc
➢ Ifjfrlnlc jdkieitls)
Qfrlpfutii
➢ Vkln pdsisi tilp
; jlj jiil tirln
 jfcuruc klric`
➢ Nfjltdjl ➢ Eliuilc
jfcuruc pfjijltlc plal
➢ Ri`jfctlsi lrfl
lkcdrjle jfcuruc pfcdcjdelc
tuelc`, jiil pfreu
➢ Kfrsinilc
pfricfle afc`lc
lir nlc`lt,
tfrutljl
sfeljl
pfridaf ailrf
➢ @uclilc prdaui
kfrklnlc
pftrdeij ltlu
jicyli plal iueit
ifric`
➢ @uclilc prdaui
kfrklnlc
ric`lc/lelji
alc nipdlefr`ii
plal iueit
sfcsitivf
➢ Nicalri prdaui
kfrklnlc alslr
legdnde plal iueit
ifric`
Fauilsi
➢ Lcjurilc
jfc``uclilc
pfefjklk (jis.
edtidc, sfruj)
➢ Lcjurilc
jicuj lir ylc`
guiup
➢ Lcjurilc
 jfcic`iltilc
lsuplc cutrisi
➢ Lcjurilc
jfcic`iltilc
lsuplc kuln alc
slyur
➢ Lcjurilc
jfc`nicalri
tfrplplr sunu
fistrfj

1. Nipdvdefjil Wftfeln aieliuilc Jlcljfjfc

kfrnukuc`lc afc`lc ticalilc ifpfrlwltlc nipdvdefjil
ifnielc`lc glirlc litio, sfeljl <x ;1 jlj Dksfrvlsi
ifiurlc`lc ainlrlpilc stltus ➢ Rfriisl tlcal alc
ictlif glirlc glirlc jfjklii `fjlel
Iritfril nlsie 8 nipdvdefjil
➢ Ifiultlc clai (jis.
jfcic`ilt orfiufcsi clai
➢ Qur`dr iueit
jfcic`ilt jfcic`ilt, clai
➢ Dutput uricf tfrlkl
jfcic`ilt efjln,
➢ Rfc`isilc vfcl tfilclc
jfcic`ilt alrln
➢ Drtdpcfl jfcuruc jfcuruc,
➢ Aispcfl jfcuruc. tfilclc clai
➢ Orfiufcsi clai jfcyfjpit,
jfjklii tur`dr iueit
➢ Qfilclc alrln jfcuruc,
jfjklii jfjkrlc juidsl
➢ Qfilclc clai ifric`,
jfjklii vdeujf
uricf
jfcuruc,
nfjltdgrit
 jfcic`ilt, nlus, efjln)
➢ Jdcitdr ictlif
➢ Jfjkrlc alc dutput
juidsl jfjklii glirlc Qfrlpfutii
➢ Hu`uelr _fcdus ➢ Nituc` ifkutunlc
Rrfssurf (H_R) glirlc
jfjklii ➢ Kfriilc
pdsisi jdaioifa
Qrfcafefckur`
➢ Kfriilc
lsuplc glirlc
drle
Fauilsi
➢ Lcjurilc
jfjpfrklcyli
lsuplc glirlc
drle
➢ Lcjurilc
jfc`nicalri
pfruklnlc pdsisi
jfcalali
Idelkdrlsi
➢ Idelkdrlsi
pfjkfrilc
glirlc M_
isdtdcis (jis.
ClGe, [E)
➢ Idelkdrlsi
pfjkfrilc
glirlc M_
nipdtdcis
(jis. `euidsl
;,6%, ClGe
2,1%)
➢ Idelkdrlsi
pfjkfrilc
glirlc idedia
(jis.
 lekujic, Relsjlcltf)
Idelkdrlsi
pfjkfrilc
prdaui alrln

6. Mjpefjfctlsi Ifpfrlwltlc
Mjpefjfctlsi ifpfrlwltlc airfcglclilc afc`lc tujulc ieifc jljpu
jfeliuilc pfrlwltlc airi sfglrl jlcairi ( sfeo glrf) afc`lc pfcyliit
ylc` il lelji sfnic``l ieifc jfcglpli afrljlt ifsfjkunlc ylc`
dptijle alc fofitio. Wfnic``l ifjlcairilc plal iku nljie
afc`lc nipfrfjfsis
`rlvialruj alplt jfcic`ilt afc`lc aieliuilc ticalilc ifpfrlwltlc uctui
jfc`urlc`i pfcyfklk tfrjlaicyl jule juctln ylc` kfrefkin
alc jfjkfriilc rlsl cyljlc alc ljlc plal iku.
6. Fvleulsi Ifpfrlwltlc
Fvleulsi aieliuilc uctui jfc`ftlnui pfrifjklc`lc ieifc
ltls ticalilc ylc` tfeln aieliuilc sfnic``l alplt aisijpueilc lpliln
tujulc lsunlc ifpfrlwltlc tfrglpli ltlu kfeuj.
Nle ici tfrilit afc`lc ifjljpulc iku nljie afc`lc nipfrfjfsis
`rlvialruj alelj ifjlcairilccyl alc jfcgf`ln tijkuecyl ifjklei
jlsleln ylc` pfrcln ailelji. Rlal iku nljie afc`lc nipfrfjfsis
`rlvialruj alplt jfc`fvleulsi ifjlcairilccyl alelj jfc`ltlsi jlsleln
ylc` ailelji, jfeiputi sfeurun lspfi klii kid-psiidsdsile alc spiritule.

ALOQL[ RVWQLIL
Lclslri, Q. ;2<;. Kfkfrlpl Aftfrjiclc Rfcyfklk Ifjlailc Nipfrfjfsis
@rlvialruj Ai [su Lclcal Rurwdifrtd Qlnuc ;22=-;2<<. Hurcle
Ifkialclc_deujf ; Cd 1 Huci ;2<;. 67-0;
. Lccisl. ;2<;. Nukuc`lc Rlritls plal Mku Nljie afc`lc Ifjlailc Nipfrfjfsis
@rlvialruj ai Rusifsjls Riyuc`lc Ilkupltfc Klctue
]d`ylilrtl. Wiripsi. ]d`ylilrtl 8 Rrd`rlj Wtuai A7 Ifkialclc Wfideln
Qic``i Meju Ifsfnltlc Hfcafrle Lnjla ]lci ]d`ylilrtl.

Nutlnlflc, W. ;2<7. Rfrlwltlc Lctfcltle. Hlilrtl8 Wlefjkl Jfaiil

Aziiirueeln [izii. (;2<7). PDG Nipfrfjfsis. [ftrifvfa

ordj nttps8//www.sgrika.gdj/adgujfct/<771;66<2/wdg-nipfrfjfsis

Inlylti, C. (;2<7). Lsunlc Ifkialclc Mku Cur Inlylti, Ifkialclc AMMM VJR,
;2<7. <<‗6>.
Jdr`lc, @frri. (;2<2). Dkstftri alc `fcfided`i plcaulc prlitii. Hlilrtl 8 F@G

Jlcuruc`, W. a. ;2<<. Lsunlc Ifpfrlwltlc Lctfcltle. Hlilrtl8 G_. Qrlcs Mcod

Jfail.

Curlrio, L. N. & Iusujl, N. (;2<6). Lsunlc Ifpfrlwltlc Rrlitis Kfralslrilc

Rfcfrlplc Ail`cdsl Clcal, CMG, CDG alelj kfrkl`li ilsus. Hd`jlilrtl8
Jfaigltidc Hd`jl.

WAIM. (;2<0). Wurvfi Afjd`rloi alc Ifsfnltlc Mcadcfsil tlnuc ;2<0 .

[ftrifvfa ordj nttp8//saii.kiikc.`d.ia/oiefs/kuiu/;2<0MANW.pao

Qij Rdijl WAIM RRCM. (;2<0). Wtlcalr ail`cdsl ifpfrlwltlc icadcfsil. Afwlc
Rfc`urus Ruslt. nttps8//adi.dr`/<2.<<27/Rnys[fvEftt.00.<>>=

Qirlc, Afcisf. ;22>. Jule juctln ifnljielc. Hlilrtl8 F@G