SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

(Faculty of civil engineering)
A report on:
EVAPORATION PAN PRACTICAL
Under the subject of:
Water Resources Engineering & Hydrology (3160610)
Submitted by:
200420106004 Manthan Vasoya
200420106008 Pranav Rathod
200420106012 Aryan Modi
200420106015 Aaryan Kayasth
200420106021 Abrar Baporia
200420106022 Sahdev Bavaliya
200420106036 Fenil Beldar
200420106006 Dhruvin Savaliya

BE 3rd year
Semester VI

Co-ordinated by:
Prof. Payal Zaveri
Dr. Manisha Vashi

Academic Year:
2022–2023

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that _____________________________ has successfully

completed and submitted a detailed report on Infiltrometer Practical in civil
engineering under the subject “Water Resources Engineering & Hydrology”
(3160610) offered by GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY during
the academic year 2022-23.
Date of Submission:

Prof. Payal Zaveri Dr. Manisha Vashi

Co-ordinated by Co-ordinated by
Faculty of Civil Engg., Faculty of Civil Engg.,
SCET SCET

Dr.Jigar K. Sevalia
HOD
Faculty of Civil Engg.,
SCET

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 Table of Contents
MEASURE EVAPORATION FROM U.S. CLASS ‘A’ PAN........3
Introduction........................................................................................3
Requirements......................................................................................5
Procedure............................................................................................5
Location...............................................................................................7
Observation table................................................................................7
Readings:..........................................................................................................7
Penman method:..............................................................................................8
Calculation:......................................................................................................9
Source:...............................................................................................10

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 MEASURE EVAPORATION FROM U.S. CLASS
‘A’ PAN
Introduction

Evaporation is an important process of the hydrologic cycle.

Approximately 75% of the total annual precipitation is returned to the

atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.

In hot climates, the loss of water by evaporation from rivers, canals and open-
water bodies as evaporation is quite significant.

Most of the water withdrawn for beneficial uses ultimately returns to streams
and aquifers and becomes available for reuse, while the loss of water due to
evaporation is entirely lost from the usable supply.

Even in humid areas, evaporation loss is significant.

High evaporation loss in relation to the usable yield is characteristic of river

systems in the country due to the climate, character of stream flow and the great
seasonal variations and pattern of runoff.

Storage reservoirs are a major source of water loss through evaporation as they
are exposed to wide surfaces.
Evaporation is measured using evaporation pans.

There are a number of standardized pans for measuring evaporation and the
V.S. Class 'A' Pan is probably the most commonly used.

The Pan is circular with a diameter of 1.21 m and depth of 25.'5 cm.

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The basin is put on a 15 cm high wooden frame to allow air circulation around
the basin.

Figure 1

The water level is kept about 5 cm below the rim, due to allowance of
percolation and the need of water.

Figure 2

The water level is measured every day. Due to heating of metallic pan sides, the
measured evaporation is higher than the actual evaporation.

To correct this value, pan evaporation is multiplied by a pan coefficient which

depends on the climatic region.

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An average value of pan coefficient is taken as 0.70 with a range of 0.60-
0.80.

Maximum evaporation from water surface takes place in summer after the
water temperature gets relatively raised and at times when, with low relative
humidity, air temperature is low.

Requirements

 Pipe
 Scale
 Reading book
 U.S. Class 'A' Pan

Figure 3

Procedure

Figure 4 Figure 5

 Measure amount of water evaporated in previous 24 hours every

day in the morning using hook gauge;

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 Figure 6 Figure 8 Figure 7

 After measurement, fill water in the Pan to the original level;

 Repeat the process the next day; and calculate actual
evaporation by multiplying pan evaporation with pan factor
(0.8).

Figure 9 Figure 10

 Actual evaporation = Pan evaporation x 0.8

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Location

Place name :-
SES Boys Hostel
Address :-
5RJ4+3MX, Kalpana Chawla Marg, Maktampur, Athwalines, Athwa, Surat,
Gujarat 395001

Observation table

Readings:

Figure 11

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Penman method:

The Penman method is a widely used empirical formula that estimates potential
evaporation rates from open water surfaces, such as evaporation pans, based on
meteorological data. It was developed by Howard Penman in 1948 and has
since been widely adopted in various fields, including hydrology, agricultural
engineering, and environmental sciences.

The Penman method takes into account both the energy available for
evaporation and the aerodynamic resistance to water vapor transfer.
It considers factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar
radiation, and atmospheric pressure to estimate the rate of evaporation.
The formula calculates the potential evaporation rate as follows:

Figure 12

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Calculation:

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Figure 13
Source:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://
egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/45065/1/Experiment-
4.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiIx-
3kkJH_AhVWAd4KHTLQB2MQFnoECCAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1bIJ8E
WKGdmtszOGFUL50V

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