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Standardized sets of symbols ensure that anyone reading a circuit diagram can
understand the circuit and how it functions regardless of language or location. Using
clear, universally recognized symbols improves communication and avoids errors
arising from misunderstandings.
There are different standards for electrical and electronic symbols, but the
International Electrotechnical Commission’s (IEC) standards are the most widely
adopted worldwide. The IEC 60617 standard covers graphical symbols for diagrams,
while the IEC 617-12 standard specifically covers symbols and designations
for semiconductor devices.
In the United States, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) also publishes
guidelines on electrical and electronics symbols and how they should be used. While
less common globally, ANSI standards are still important for electrical work in the
US.
SPDT Switch – Single pole, double throw. Connects common terminal to one
or the other terminal.
Transistor Symbols
NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor – NPN transistor allows current flow when
base is active.
PNP Bipolar Junction Transistor – PNP transistor blocks current flow unless
base is active.
Diode Symbols
Schottky Diode – Fast switching diode with low forward voltage drop.
Circuit schematics show the components in an electrical or electronic circuit and their
relationships using standardized symbols. Schematics allow technicians and engineers
to design, build, troubleshoot and modify circuits efficiently.
Circuit schematics range from simple wiring diagrams to complex system diagrams.
They are an essential tool for all electrical engineering disciplines including
electronics, telecommunications, control systems, power, and more.
This schematic shows the standard symbols for an AC voltage source, ground,
resistor, LED, and switch wired in a simple circuit. The lines between symbols show
how they are electrically connected.
While standards exist for most electrical and electronic symbols, there can be
variations in how the symbols are drawn. Small differences may exist between
geographic regions or functional domains. Within a single organization, custom
variations may also develop on standard symbols over time.
Even with variations, most symbols will follow the core design principles needed to
identify the type of component or device. But when working with new schematics, it
is important to verify any less familiar symbols used.
The other challenge is differences between published symbol standards. While the
IEC standards are the most internationally recognized, ANSI and JIC standards are
still used for some North American electrical work. Key symbols are very similar
between IEC and ANSI standards but small differences can exist.
Being able to accurately read and follow circuit schematics is an essential skill for
electrical engineers and technicians. Here are some key tips on working with circuit
schematics effectively:
With practice, reading schematics becomes second nature. Always reference the
original schematic when analyzing or troubleshooting a circuit – mental models alone
can be faulty.
Following schematic best practices takes some additional time but greatly improves
the understandability and usability of the diagrams. Poor schematics are a frequent
source of errors in manufacturing and troubleshooting.
Specialized software tools are invaluable for efficiently creating and working with
circuit schematics. Some capabilities provided by electrical engineering software
include:
Related Posts:
https://www.raypcb.com/electronic-circuit-symbols/