 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
EF٢ ‫א‬

١٣٢
  ١٣٢ 
EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬


  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
{
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
K  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
١   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ٢   ‫א‬ 
         ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  KK ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬        
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ER,L,C F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬ER,LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
K‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬ER,L,C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F‫א‬
ER,L,CF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EJ J FJ W‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
GFunction Generator EF-GFJ ١
GElectronic Voltmeter EVSFJ ٢
GDigital Multimeter EVXFJ ٣
GResistor Box ERs=100 ΩFJ ٤
GCircuit element For measurment CXLX RX‫א‬J ٥
RX=47Ω,L=4.55m.H,C=0.47µ.F
K––J ٦
* Measurement of Resistance KERXF‫א‬J ١
W‫א‬‫א‬

I
1:10K.H

RS RX

VS VX

ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
VOLTAMETER MULTIMEETER

 E١F
J W‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬F=1K.H.ZESIN WAVEFEF.G F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
KV=4V
KEVXF‫א‬‫א‬EVSF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
ERXF‫א‬‫א‬EIF‫א‬‫א‬
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬EFF‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

* 1- EXPERIMENT (1) RS=100 Ω ,RX=47 Ω


Frequency VS VX I=VS/RS RX=VX/I

1.0 K.H.Z
2.0 K.H.Z
3.0 K.H.Z
4.0 K.H.Z
5.0 K.H.Z
6.0 K.H.Z
7.0K.H.Z
8.0 K.H.Z
9.0 K.H.Z
10.0 K.H.Z

GMeasurement of Inductive Reactance KEXLF‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

J W‫א‬‫א‬

i
1:10K.H

RS XL

VS VX

ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
VOLTAMETER MULTIMEETER

 E٢F

-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢F‫א‬EXLF‫א‬ERXF‫א‬J ١
‫א‬F=1K.H.ZSIN WAVE‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
KV=4 VOLT 
‫א‬KEVXF‫א‬‫א‬EVSF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
KELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

* 1- EXPERIMENT (2) RS=100 Ω ,L=4.55 m.H , V=4 VOLT

Frequency VS VX I=VS/RS XL=VX/I XL=2Лf.L
1.0 K.H.Z
2.0 K.H.Z
3.0 K.H.Z
4.0 K.H.Z
5.0 K.H.Z
6.0 K.H.Z
7.0K.H.Z
8.0 K.H.Z
9.0 K.H.Z
10.0 K.H.Z

-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

GMeasurement of Capacitive Reactance KEXCF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

J W‫א‬‫א‬

I
1:10K.H

RS XC

VS VX

ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
VOLTAMETER MULTIMEETER

E٣F
J W‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣F‫א‬EXCF‫א‬EXLF‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KV=4 VOLT ‫א‬F=1K.H.ZSIN WAVE‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KECF‫א‬‫א‬KEVXF‫א‬‫א‬EVSF‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

* 1- EXPERIMENT (3) RS=100 Ω ,C=0.47 µ F , V=4 VOLT

Frequency VS VX I=VS/RS XC=VX/I XC=1/2πfc
1.0 K.H.Z
2.0 K.H.Z
3.0 K.H.Z
4.0 K.H.Z
5.0 K.H.Z
6.0 K.H.Z
7.0K.H.Z
8.0 K.H.Z
9.0 K.H.Z
10.0 K.H.Z
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RX ,XL ,XC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

R X ,X L ,X C

F
K .H .Z


J W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬XL ,XC EFF‫א‬ K١
 EFF ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    XL  XC    K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
KEQ- FactorF‫א‬ K٥
J W‫א‬‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEossilloscopeF‫א‬‫א‬ K١
(Function Generator) F.G K٢
KED.CF K٣
KEUnknown CoilF K٤
Resistor R2=100 Ώ ,R3=10 Ώ ‫א‬ K٥
Resistor ER4F K٦
 Capacitor 0.1µf-0.47µf-1µf-4.7µf-4.7µf-10µf ‫א‬ K٧
 K–– K٨

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KU1= 4 voltD.C‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬ R4E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬  4 volt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ R4‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬ER1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

R2.R3
GR1=------------ --------------(1)
R4
J WEU1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
G UPP=10V ,F=20 K.H.Z ,KX=10µ sec/Cm
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E L1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
KEC4F‫א‬‫א‬

* L1=C4.R2.R3 →(2) 

J WEQF‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

WL12ΠFL1
GQ = -------- = ------------- ----------- -----(3)
R1 R1
J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2K.H.Z‫א‬ K١
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

20k.h.zEQ-FactorF‫א‬ K٣

2Πfl 
 Q = ----------- = →
R1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

R2.R3 
R1=-------- →
R4
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

L1= C4.R2.R3 → 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٤
K‫א‬
W‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
E٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
E٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F
EJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF
J W‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Variable A.C suppleE0-250VF‫א‬ K١
EWattmeter ) 1,5,10 A –100,200 V ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
EVoltmeter A.C ) 0 –250V  K٣
EAmmeter A.C) 1A,3A,10A  K٤
 Load Consists of Resistance and Coil ‫א‬ K٥
R=42 Ώ/5A , L=9.6 m.H E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K K٦
J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KL=9.6m.H‫א‬‫א‬R=20 ΏERLF‫א‬ K٣
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬ESupplyF‫א‬ K٤
KELF‫א‬ERF‫א‬
E١F‫א‬

VT 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
VR
VL
 Φ
COSΦ

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  VL ‫א‬ VR ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K٥
KCOS Φ‫א‬Φ‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬

Vt(v) 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
I(A)
W(watt)
Wcal=V.I.COSΦ
Erro=wcal-w
err℅=wcal-w/wcal ℅

KEAF‫א‬EwF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EsupplyF‫א‬ K٦
J W‫א‬ K٧
Wcal. =Vt .I. COSΦ → 
‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
W–Wcal 
℅ Error=------------ x 100 →
Wcal
KEILF‫א‬EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬

IL

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ER, XC, XL)‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (COSΦF‫א‬
K
ZW‫א‬‫א‬

w XL XC R
A

Singl Phase
V

Load
C O SΦ

A uto transf.
0 - 250 v
E xperim ent M easurm ent
of electric P ow er

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KR,XL,XCW‫א‬ K١
Auto transformer (0-250) ‫א‬ K٢
Ewattmeter) ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Ecos Φ) ‫א‬ K٤
EvoltmeterF‫א‬ K٥
EAmmeter) ‫א‬ K٦
  K٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬V=100 vEAuto. Trans.)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KResistor loadERLF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
KCurrent Adjes ‫א‬‫א‬EIF‫א‬ K٤
.(I, V, P,COSΦ)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
KI, V, PCOSΦ‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬COSΦ
K‫א‬EIF‫א‬ K٧
XCXL‫א‬ K٨
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩

E١F
GV=100 (v) ,Load =R 

Measurements Calculated
I(A) V(volt) P(w) Cos Φ P=V.I COSΦ = P/V.I
0.25A
0.50A
0.75A
1.0A
1.5A
2.0A
2.5A
3.0A


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E2F
GV=100 (v) ,Load =XL 

Measurements Calculated
I(A) V(volt) P(w) Cos Φ P=V.I COSΦ = P/V.I

0.25A
0.50A
0.75A
1.0A
1.5A
2.0A
2.5A
3.0A

E3F
GV=100 (v) , Load =XC 

Measurements Calculated
I(A) V(volt) P(w) Cos Φ P=V.I COSΦ = P/V.I
0.25A
0.50A
0.75A
1.0A
1.5A
2.0A
2.5A
3.0A


- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ECOSΦF‫א‬EI F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
KER, XL, XC F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

COSΦ
R xl xc

I(A )

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
cos Φ‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
W
R

V
L

LOAD
V V
AC

A.C
L

V1

V3

Φ
V2
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EVariable A.C Supply 0-250 v)‫א‬ K١
EWattmeter )‫א‬ K٢
EVoltmeter V1,V2,V3 )  K٣
R=42 Ω/5A  K٤
Coil L =2X500 wdg EF K٥
  K٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EV1F‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
EV1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V1,V2‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
KEV1F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
EV1F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
Wcal═V3.I.COS → 
═V3.V2/.COSΦ

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
Wcal-W
error℅=-----------x100
Wcal
E WF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬

EV1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 J W‫א‬

V1(volt) 10 12 15 18 20
V2(volt)
V3(volt)
W(watt)
I=V2/R Amp
CosΦ
Wcal (Watt)
Erro=Wcal- Watt
erro℅=Wcal-W/wcal Χ 100

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬erro℅‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K‫א‬‫א‬

ERR
0 /0

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
cos Φ‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EVariable A.C Supply 0-250 v)‫א‬ K١
EWattmeter )‫א‬ K٢
EVoltmeter V1,V2,V3 )  K٣
R=110 Ω/2.5A  K٤
Load Consists of Resistance and Coil W K٥
R=110 Ω, 2.5A ,L=9.6 m.H E‫א‬F
 K٦
J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
KR=4ΩEF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
KL=9.6 m.H ‫א‬RL=5Ω EF‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬EI1F‫א‬ESupplyF‫א‬ K٥
KI2 ,I3 ‫א‬EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ I1,I2,I3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٨
KEI1F‫א‬‫א‬
. COSΦ ‫א‬ . Φ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬

I1
I3

φ
I2 v
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
Wcal= V3. I3.cosΦ →
=(I2.R) .I3 .cos Φ →
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠

erro℅= Wcal -W
Wcal-W
erro℅ = --------- Χ 100
Wcal
(average erro ℅) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١١
+ + +
= ----------------------------
7
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
I1 (Amp ) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
I2 (Amp)
I3(Amp)
I2.R=V
W ( watt)
Wcal
CosΦ
Erro=Wcal –W
Erro=wcal-w/wcal
Ploss=I.R

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

.EWF‫א‬‫א‬erro℅‫א‬‫א‬‫* ارﺳﻢ‬

+err%

0 w

-err%

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Y ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 EJ J F‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬

L1
A.C Transf
w1 L2
L3

L.v
Z

w2
Z

w3


 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
R1=47Ω,R2=100Ω,R3=220Ω ‫א‬ K٣
 L1= 9.6 m.H ,L2= 9.6 m.H ,L3= 9.6 m.H ‫א‬
 C1= µ.F,C2= µ.F,C3= µ.F ‫א‬
 KJ  K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬E ΥF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 J WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 vPh=6 vVPh =22 v 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 J W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
 Pwt=W1+W2+W3 (Watt) → 



- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬∆ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 EJ J F‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
L1
A.C Transf L2
w1
L3

L.v

z2
Z

w2
Z

z3

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
R1=47Ω,R2=100Ω,R3=220Ω ‫א‬ K٣
 L1= 9.6 m.H ,L2= 9.6 m.H ,L3= 9.6 m.H ‫א‬
 C1= µ.F,C2= µ.F,C3= µ.F ‫א‬
 KJ  K٤

- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬E ∆F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 J WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 VL=10 vVL =38 v 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
 J W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
Pwt=W1+W2 (Watt) → 

- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬

F.G V X

U1 Oscill

ZW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Function Generator EF.GF K١
Oscilloscope ‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KJ  K٤

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
Ky= 1v/cm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Kx=2m sec/cm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
f=100H.zE=3v‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kx=1m sec/cm ‫א‬ K٥
Kx=5m sec/cm 
Ky=2v/cm

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kx=2m sec/ cm ‫א‬ K٦
EF.GF‫א‬
K
J W‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

EF-GF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF EF

F(H.Z) E Em E Ky Kx
1000H.Z 3V 2v/cm 2m sec/cm
100H.Z 2v/cm 1m sec/cm
100H.Z 2v/cm 5m sec/cm
500H.Z 2v/cm 2m sec/cm
1000 H.Z 2v/cm 2m sec/cm
1500 H.Z 2v/cm 2m sec/cm

J W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬١
E=3V
Ky=2 v/cm
Kx= 2m sec/ cm
J W‫א‬‫א‬٢
UPP - UP - Ur.m.s
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

U/V

u max

UP Ueff UPP

O
t/m.s

UP.P= 2UP
UP=Umax=√2.Ueff.
UP.P=2√2 .Ueff

Ueff=up/√2=Umax/√2
= 0.707 Umax
=0.707 UP

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬

F.G OSCILLOS

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF.GF K١
KEOSCILF‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
K K٤
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 KEsin waveF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
UP.P=12 V‫א‬f=10 K.H.Z‫א‬ K٢
KKx=10 µs/cm‫א‬Ky=2v/cm‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬EFF‫א‬K،ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Ky=2v/cmKx=20µs/cm‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬EfF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

KEtrianngularF‫א‬‫א‬
Kf=20 K.H.z‫א‬EF.GF‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KKx=10µs/cmKy=2v/cm‫א‬ K٣
KEfF‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Kx=20 µsec/cm‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KEfF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

 KEsquare waveF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬f=5 k.H.z‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KKx=20 µsec /cm ,Kx=50 µsec/cm ‫א‬ K٣
Ky = 2v/cm ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KEfF‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

Esin waveF‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EH.ZF
  
  
EF.GF UP.P EF) EKyF EKxF
EEF EEF ETF
10 K.Hz 12 2v/cm 10µsec/cm
10 K.Hz 12 2v/cm

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 EtriangularF‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EH.ZF
 
  
EF.GF UP.P EF) EKyF EKxF
EEF EEF ETF
20 12 2v/cm 10µsec/cm
K.Hz
20 12 2v/cm 20µsec/cm
K.Hz

 Esquare waveF‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EH.ZF
  
  
EF.GF UP.P EF) EKyF EKxF
EEF EEF ETF
5 K.Hz 12 2v/cm 20µsec/cm
5 K.Hz 12 2v/cm 50µsec/cm

EF‫א‬
U/V

t/m.s
0

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

EF‫א‬
U /V

t/m .s

T
T =A X .K X
 EF‫א‬

t/m .s
0
T

J W‫א‬
K١
K٢
K٣
K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
ER-CF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W 
J W‫א‬‫א‬

CH1
C1
CH2

R1
F.G
OSCILL

N
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Edual trace OscilloscopeF‫א‬ K١
EFunction GeneratorF K٢
C1=10nf  K٣
R=2.2K.Ώ ,1K.Ώ ,3.3K.Ώ K٤
 KJ J  K٥
J W‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬ E R1F‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E f=10k.H.zF  E Up.p =4 vF    E F.GF ‫א‬   K٢
KEsin waveF
C=10 nf‫א‬ R=2.2 K.Ώ‫א‬ K٣
K ‫א‬EIF‫א‬‫א‬EUF‫א‬ K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E KxF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KEKyF‫א‬
J W‫א‬Ephase shiftF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
S1 . 180 
Φ=------------- → 1
S2
  E ΦF‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E HOR-EXTF   ‫ א‬K٧
K
Sin Φ= a/b=a/b
‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
R = 1K.Ω
R= 3.3 K.Ω
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   E١٠F ‫א‬  E١F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K١٠
J W‫א‬
R=2.2 K.Ω
C=10 n.f
Up.p= 4 V
 K‫א‬EΦF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١

E١F
GUp.p=4 v , f=10 k.H.z , C=10 nf 
 
R Φ1 Φ2
2.2k.Ω
1k.Ω
3.3kΩ

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F
G Up.p=4v ,C=10nf ,R=2.2kΩ 

F  Φ1  Φ2
1 k.H.z
1.5 k.H.z
2 k.H.z
5 k.H.z
10 k.H.z

 J W‫א‬EΦF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

U/i
U

S1
S2 Φ = S 1. 180 0 / S 2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

KEHOR- EXTF‫א‬EФF‫א‬‫א‬J W 

b a

a− −
b

S I Nφ = a / b = a − / b −

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  ١٣٢ 
EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
١  J W‫א‬‫א‬
٢  KER-L-CF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F  ‫א‬‫א‬
٧  KEF‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
١٠  J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
١١  KE–F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٢F 
١٤  KER-XL-XCF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣F
١٨  KCOSф‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F
٢١  KCOSΦ‫א‬
٢٤  J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E ١F  
EY F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥  K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E ٢F 
∆ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٧  KE
٢٩  J W‫א‬
٣٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
٣٣  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٣F  
٣٧  K‫א‬
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