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  • Week 5 - Napiers Rules

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    This document outlines objectives for learning Napier's rules for right spherical triangles. It introduces Napier's pie diagram and explains that according to Napier's first rule, the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the cosines of the opposite parts. Napier's second rule states that the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the tangents of the adjacent parts. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules.

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    Week 5 - Napiers Rules (1)

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    This document outlines objectives for learning Napier's rules for right spherical triangles. It introduces Napier's pie diagram and explains that according to Napier's first rule, the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the cosines of the opposite parts. Napier's second rule states that the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the tangents of the adjacent parts. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    3 views21 pages

    Week 5 - Napiers Rules

    Uploaded by

    ramjmaristela17
    This document outlines objectives for learning Napier's rules for right spherical triangles. It introduces Napier's pie diagram and explains that according to Napier's first rule, the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the cosines of the opposite parts. Napier's second rule states that the sine of the middle part is equal to the product of the tangents of the adjacent parts. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 21

    OBJECTIVES

    At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:


    ▰ State Napier’s 1st and 2nd rules
    ▰ Derive the equation for right spherical triangles
    using the Napier’s pie and Napier’s 1st and 2nd
    rules
    sin � = cos (90° − �)
    cos � = sin (90° − �)
    tan � = cot (90° − �)
    cot � = tan (90° − �)
    In drawing the Napier’s pie, the following convention will
    be used for writing the angles and hypotenuse:

    � = 90° − �
    (read as “A bar”)

    � = 90° − �
    (read as “B bar”)

    �� = 90° − ��
    (read as “AB bar”)
    The SINE of a MIDDLE part is
    equal to the product of the
    COSINES of the OPPOSITE parts.
    Middle Part (SINE)

    ��
    � �
    �� ��
    Opposite Part Opposite Part
    (COSINE) (COSINE)
    sin �� = cos ��cos ��
    Middle Part (SINE)
    Since �� = 90° − ��
    �� Therefore,
    � � sin (90 − ��) = cos ��
    Hence,
    �� �� ��� �� = ��� ����� ��
    Opposite Part Opposite Part
    (COSINE) (COSINE)
    Opposite Part
    (COSINE)

    ��
    � � Opposite Part
    (COSINE)

    �� ��
    Middle Part
    (SINE)
    sin �� = cos ��cos �
    Opposite Part
    (COSINE) Since �� = 90° − ��
    � = 90° − �
    �� Opposite Part
    (COSINE)
    Therefore,
    � � cos (90 − ��) = sin ��
    cos (90 − �) = sin �
    �� �� Hence,
    Middle Part ��� �� = ��� �� ��� �
    (SINE)
    TRY THIS!

    ��
    � �
    �� ��
    Middle
    Part
    ANSWER

    �� sin �� = cos �cos ��


    � � ��� �� =��� ���� ��

    �� ��
    Middle
    Part
    The SINE of a MIDDLE part is
    equal to the product of the
    TANGENTS of the ADJACENT
    parts.
    Middle Part (SINE)

    ��
    �
    Adjacent Part
    �
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT) (TANGENT)

    �� ��
    sin �� = tan �tan �
    Since �� = 90° − ��
    Middle Part
    (SINE)

    � = 90° − �
    �� � = 90° − �
    � � Therefore,
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT)
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT)
    sin (90 − ��) = cos ��
    �� �� tan (90 − �) = cot �
    tan (90 − �) = cot �
    cos �� = cot �cot �
    Middle Part
    Since,
    (SINE) 1 1
    cot � = cot � =
    tan � tan �
    �� Therefore,
    � 1 1
    � cos �� =
    tan � tan �
    Hence,
    Adjacent Part Adjacent Part

    �
    (TANGENT) (TANGENT)

    �� ��
    ��� �� =
    ��� ���� �
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT)

    ��
    Middle Part
    (SINE) � �
    �� ��
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT)
    Adjacent Part
    sin � = tan ��tan ��
    (TANGENT)

    Since � = 90° − �
    Middle
    Part
    (SINE) �� �� = 90° − ��
    � � Therefore,
    sin (90 − �) = cos �
    �� �� tan (90 − ��) = cot ��
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT)
    cos � = cot ��tan ��
    Since,
    Adjacent Part 1
    Middle
    (TANGENT)
    cot �� =
    tan ��
    Part
    (SINE) �� Therefore,
    1
    � � cos � = tan ��
    tan ��
    Hence,
    �� �� ��� ��
    ��� � =
    Adjacent Part
    (TANGENT) ��� ��
    TRY THIS!

    ��
    �
    Middle
    � Part

    �� ��
    ANSWER

    �� sin � = tan ��tan ��


    � �
    Adjacent
    Part
    ��� ��
    Middle
    Part ��� � =
    ��� ��
    �� ��
    Adjacent
    Part
    In the LMS, answer the following:
    • L10-PS3 (Napier’s 1st Rule)
    • L10-PS4 (Napier’s 2nd Rule)

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