Fundamentals of D.C.

circuits
(Voltage,Current,Power,Energy)

Electronics By Shweta Chadha

 Electric charge
• Charge is the electrical property of atomic particles.
• Electrons are negatively charged
• Protons are positively charged.
• The unit of electric charge is coulomb (C)
• The absolute value of the charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10-19
C.

Electronics By Shweta Chadha

 Electric Current
• The flow of charge through a cross-sectional area of a conductor in a
given time is known as current.
• The unit of current is Ampere (A)

I = Q/ t

Electronics By Shweta Chadha

 Voltage
• It is the potential difference between two points in an electric field.
• The unit if voltage is Volt (V).

Electronics By Shweta Chadha

 Electrical power
• Electric power is the rate at which work is done .
• Power P in an electrical circuit is given by the product of potential
difference V and current I.
• The unit of power is the watt, W. Hence
• P = V X I = I² X R = V²/R

Electronics By Shweta Chadha

 Electrical energy
• Energy is the capacity to do work.
• Electrical energy = power × time =VIt J
• The unit of energy is Joule (J)
• Although the unit of energy is the joule, when dealing with large
amounts of energy, the unit used is the kilowatt hour (kWh) where
• 1 kWh = 1000 watt hour
• = 1000 × 3600 watt seconds or joules
• = 3 600 000 J

Electronics By Shweta Chadha