Brain and Behavior

Module 3.3
Tonight’s Discussion
Phineas Gage
- American construction
foreman
- Mild-mannered, soft-
spoken
Tonight’s Discussion
Tonight’s Discussion
Tonight’s Discussion
Tonight’s Discussion
Phineas Gage
- American construction
foreman
- Mild-hearted, soft-
spoken
- Mean-spirited, vulgar
- “the man who began neuroscience”
Tonight’s Discussion
Tonight’s Discussion

How do our brain’s functions tie

to the behavior of the mind?
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
-transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body
-controls the ability to move, breathe, see, think, and more
Nervous System: Divisions
 the body's
Central Nervous processing
center
System (CNS)

brain and spinal chord

control
behavior

regulate the
body’s
physiological
processes
 conveys motor
commands to
all voluntary Peripheral Nervous
striated
muscles in the
body
System (PNS)

carries sensory bundles of nerves between the spinal

information chord and the rest of the body
about the
external world
and the body to regulates
the brain and autonomic
spinal cord functions
such as blood
pressure or
sweating
Nervous System: Divisions
 Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)

voluntary Somatic Autonomic involuntary

Sensory Nerves Motor Nerves Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS

From body to SC From SC to muscles

 Autonomic

Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS

arousing calming
Nervous System Quiz
True or False?
 1
In an event of a jumpscare, my
sympathetic NS makes me feel
calm.
True False
¡¡False!!
The Parasympathetic NS is
incharge of calming my body.
 2
Me speaking in this report is an
example of my Autonomic NS
mainly in use.
True False
¡¡False!!
My Somatic NS is incharge
of my voluntary
movements.
 3
My Central Nervous system is the
control center of my body.

True False
¡¡True!!
The CNS contains the brain
which controls the body.
Central Nervous
System

Forebrain

Hindbrain

Spinal Chord

Midbrain
Central Nervous
System

Forebrain

Hindbrain

Spinal Chord

Midbrain
Forebrain

Right Hemisphere

Left Hemisphere

Longitudinal Fissure
Forebrain: Cerebral
Cortex

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe
 Brain Part Function
higher executive functions including
Frontal Lobe emotional regulation, planning,
reasoning and problem solving
specialized for the body senses,
including touch, pain, temperature, and
Parietal Lobe awareness of the location of body
parts in space

Occipital Lobe specialized for vision

dedicated to processing sensory

information, particularly important for
hearing, recognizing language, and
Temporal Lobe forming memories

Mirror Neurons active when you make a movement and also

when you watch someone else make a similar
movement
Four Lobes of the
Brain

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe
Forebrain: Subcortical Areas

Thalamus

Hypothalamus
 Sleep and
Wakefulness Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thalamus
Forebrain: Subcortical Areas

Thalamus

Hypothalamus
 Temperature
regulation

Hunger
and Thirst

Hypothalamus
Sex
Other
motivated
behaviors
Forebrain: Subcortical Areas

Thalamus

Hypothalamus
 Forebrain

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe

Thalamus
Occipital
Lobe

Temporal Lobe Hypothalamus

Hindbrain
Cerebellum
is important for any behavior that
requires aim or timing
 Brain Anatomy
BRAIN PLASTICITY –
change as a result of
experience

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe

Thalamus
Occipital
Lobe

Temporal Lobe Hypothalamus

Central Nervous System
Quiz
Which Part?
 4
If this area is damaged, it results to
impulsive decisions

Frontal Lobe Occipital Lobe

 Frontal Lobe
This area contains the prefrontal
cortex, which contribute to certain aspects of memory
and to the planning of movements—that is, decision making.
People with impairments of the
prefrontal cortex often make impulsive decisions
because they have trouble imagining how good
they might feel after one outcome and how sad
or guilty they might feel after another
 5
If this area is damaged, it results to
the inability to recognize emotions.

Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe

 Temporal Lobe
Other parts of the temporal lobe are critical
for certain aspects of emotion. The amygdala, a subcortical
structure deep within the temporal lobe, responds strongly to
emotional situations. People with damage to the amygdala
are slow to process emotional information, such as facial
expressions and descriptions of emotional situations
Measuring Brain Activity
Almost done!
Four Ways to measure Brain Activity

EEG PET

MEG fMRI
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
-uses electrodes on the scalp to record rapid changes in
brain electrical activity
Magnetoencephalograph (MEG)
-measures the magnetic fields generated by electric
currents in the brain
Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)
-records radioactivity of various brain areas emitted from
injected chemicals
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(fMRI)
-uses magnetic detectors outside the head to compare
the amounts of hemoglobin with and without oxygen
in different brain areas
 Conclusion
Hapit na mahuman, andam na next reporter
 Nervous System Divisions

Central Nervous System

What we learned Forebrain: Cerebral Cortex

today Forebrain: Subcortical Areas

The Four Lobes

Four Ways to Measure Brain Activity

Tonight’s Discussion

How do our brain’s functions tie

to the behavior of the mind?
Thank you!
Do you have any questions?

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References (aside from the material given)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001219/
https://tenor.com/view/thinking-gif-11903320
https://tenor.com/view/exercise-walk-walking-gif-18598599
https://tenor.com/view/body-organs-human-heart-lungs-gif-14776592
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https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/307076
https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/central.html
https://www.simplypsychology.org/central-nervous-system.html
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23123-peripheral-nervous-system-
pns#:~:text=Your%20PNS%20feeds%20information%20into,like%20your%20heartbeat%20and%20breathing.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22652-
thalamus#:~:text=Your%20thalamus%20is%20your%20body's,%2C%20consciousness%2C%20learning%20and%20memory.
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https://www.verywellmind.com/phineas-gage-2795244
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