1

M
Rate of Reaction/Reaction Kinetics/Speed of Reactive

Reaction Kinetics
O
of Reaction
Study ofeate a chemical .
O
Rate =
Change in amount of Reactants or Products S
Time

A
Rate =
A concentration [moldm-s-1]
Time

Rate =

As [gs- OR
gmie"]
B
Rate AVolume [dm s ]3
=

Time
H
Rate [s"]
At
=

K
H
A

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 2

M CaCO3 Callz H2O

+ 2HCL & + + CO2

O
Mass
O Change in Method

O
Co Pool l
[T]
Time/s
S
o
Massly
costfilee
A CalOs >
- -
HCL
Massly
1 >
-

Average
-

-
Rate
Amass
L
- ..............
↓
Reaction
completes

B
* time
I ·
Time/s
Rate e
H gr
Ay mass
= = =
A

As Reactive eate of Reactive

a
proceeds a

always decreases
↳ as conc .
of Reactants decreases
eate of a Reactive also decreases
K
.

H
A
N
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#Fam
Volume)com
N Reactime
letes
M
comp Exp2
.

E
Rubber

Bug
O
Expl

o
concil fla
>
-

- +cl
O
limity time
&

Is S
H(1 + Calo
c = 05 M V= 50a & Cy A
c =
OAm Y =a 25 CV

CalOs + Hll -

>
Call2 + CO2 + HeU
HC) = 0 -

1 moldon- Exp1
HC) =
0
:

2 end don-3 Exp 2

= 1 mol
B
&1 Cacos
HC1 =
=

V
loog
= 30cm
=>

3
100

c = 1 moldo-3 L H
n = C = 1 x => 0 .
03n

2
Calos
1009
=

W HC1 => V = 30 cen

3
c = 2 mol den- (limiti

= CalOs + GHC1 >

-
Cac + H20 +
102 K
W
H
~T
+ 2

~
1

!-
-
G
A
t

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M
Collision THEORY
for Reactive
O It states
reactant
that in order a

collick with
to

occur
,
particles must
each other .
O
atoms molecules and
S particles => ,
ions

A Effective
Collisions
/ Successful
--
Collision

Collisions
Equal
between
Oe

than
reactant particles having
energies ↓ more activation
Energy .

Activation
Energy B
Ea [Kjmul]
B Is the minimum
energy required to start a

Reaction.
H Chemical

Enthalpy/KjeoL-
N
Enthalpy/KjeoL-
N
Ea Ea

↑
-↑ 1
-

Products Reactants

K -
-

Reactants
. . . . .

Products
&
& NIDOTHER ANI Reaction EXUTHERMIC Reaction
H pathway pathway
A activation
Energy is
always positive or

Endothermi
N
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Factors
Affecting
Rate of a Reaction .

M
Concentrative of Reactants
01 -

O
02 -Temperature
Pressure
03

04
-

-Surface area
O
os
-Catalyst S
os-Concentration of a
Catalyst
-Concentration of Reactants
A
Increasing
eate of a
concentration
Reactive .
of Reactants increases

Because more
reactants
particles mean
frequency
of effective collision increases

02
-Temperature B
H
Increasing temperature increases Rate of a Reactive
Because
increasing temperature increases

of particles Number of particles

energies
so more

Wave three Lease

energ
ics
greater activation
energy ,

frequency of effective collision increases

.

03 -Pressure of Gaseous Reactants K

Increasing Pressure of a
gaseous
Reactants
H
decrease the volume ,
so
frequency of effective
Reaction
collision increases ,
hence theeate of a
.

increases
. A

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ent
. Concentration of Reactants
I M
Increasing concentrative of Reactants increases O
eate of a Reactive .

Because

of
more

effective
reactants
collision
particles
increases
mean
frequency O
CalOs + 2H11 >
- CaCl2 + H20 + 102 S
Exp 1 HC) c =
0 . 1 moldo-3 A
Exp 2 HC) c =
0 .

2 moldm-" [faster]
Volumel co mass
N
I
N

&
fast (2)
(1) (Slow

~
- &
Tim/s
(2)

fast
d
S

Elit
& I
&
-

Timels
B
H

K
H
A

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Cacos + 2 +1 >
-
Carle >
-
Huo - CO2
M
Slowl
fact of team
p) O
Exp
!fast)
1 - 58'2

&XP2 80c
=
O
mas) voluma
M n

8iExp2
S

- ~
L
T=
Expl

+
Sol
T =

A
Exp 1

Exp 'E/ ↑
Stls

CalOs + CH11 Cell + H2O + 102

-

I B
3

Reactant ]
H [limiting
-

1 molder
Exp 1 = 0 n CY
·
c = =

Loca
V o
0
1 x
H
=
n =

fast H =

[tg n
moden-Jn
He
Exp2 = -
0 2
-

2
=

,
= 0 .

V = 20m

masslg ~ /in 2
Exp

-
L -
!
Ex
pl
K

t/s
~ i
H
A

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M /can
/LI w
volume
mass(y N
I
A

with Catalyst -

2
O
L
without
↓ Catalyst #
↓ I

O
~
~
with
Catalyst ↑ without Catalyst
I
I

S &
t/s
&
t/s
# fast # fast
A
=>
=>

I => slow .
I = slow

80 °
&

T
-
~ ↑

·
=

-
-

- I

B
-

-
~ .
-

< - /

H
-

~ ~

Boltzman Distribution Curve

Energy /] O 10 20 3040 50 60

No. of Moleales & 100 300 500 400 200 50

No of
K
.

Energy/Average Energy·
Molecules
Mean

L
H

A
500
- -
-

-
.........

A IOD
-----

:
so &
N ! is Molecular Energies/J
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M
Increasingof temperature of Reaction
'

by
18 C

Reactive
any doubles.
rate
approximately O
O
Catalysis
S
Homogenous Catalyst
When
catalyst and Reactants are in the same A
please
H2S04(99/

CH3cooHpg) +
C2H50H(g ,
>
- CHycOOC2Hs +
(9)
Had
(k

Catalyst
Heterogeneous
B
when Reactants differentt
catalyst and are in
H
phas
Fe(ss

N2(g, + 3H24) => 2 NH3

(9 ,

K
H
A

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