chemical kinetics

Rate Reaction
of a

Rate Reaction in concentration Reactant / Prod

of :
change of
trine
change in

R → p

1- = a
-

R
t a- a

%÷
Rate
of disappearance of
R
=-%¥÷a =
-

I
t

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 Rate a -0 I
of of P =

appearance =

is
Rate a
positive Quantity

DR
Rate
of disappearance of
R =
I
-
=

It t

Rate P= DI I
of appearance of Dt
=

Rate

of React
.
# Rate

of
Product [
time time

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

Rate
of Reaction can be :

a) Rate Reaction
Average of
b) Instantaneous Reaction
Rate
of

Reaction
a)
Average Rate
of :

Rate Reaction time Period

of over
longer .

rate = -
DI
=
-

(Rtz-)
St
tz -
ti

b) Instantaneous Reaction Rate Reaction at

of
:
Rate
of
particular Instant
a
of time .

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 ( )
Minot
%=
. =
-
Dt → 0

Conch
of
g= (Ra-
-

R -

÷
- - -

,
tz -
ti
Reactant
Rz I :O
- . .
-

i &
l Krist slope
-

i
⇐ -

i !
I
/ i

i / I
l '
.

ti
Rtztime

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 Reaction
Unit
of Rate
of 8

Rate =

changeinconcentaton
=
m
Sec
time
change in

' '
sei
-

Unit moll
of Rate =

calculation
of Rate
of Reaction

A - Z
1 A → 2 B
B

2 A → U B
1- =
0 10 M -

* 8m 4M

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

Rate
of disappearance of A dA_ 2-
= -
=

dt t

Rate
of appearance of B =

dB_
=
4-
at t

measured mole
Rate
of Reaction is
per of
Reactant or Product -

Rate dA_
g- adˢ 2-
= -
= =

dt t

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 NIA + nzB →
n3C +
my D

Rate
of dissapeaeeance of A
dadt
-
=

B
rate
of disappearance of dB_
-
=

dt

Rate
of appearance of c d-
=

dt

Rate did
of of D =

appearance
dt

1- DI +
Rate
of Ren 1- dA_
=n÷ +
-
=
= -

hi dt nzdt

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 ( Ans =D)

Rate
of Ran =

dnA_ dnˢ
b- days
-
1- = -
=
-

1-
2
dt 3/2 dt

3- dang
DNI
dried =
= 4-
t
3 dt

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 (Ans B)
__

DAK
1-
± %ˢ
-

dt

2 d A
¥47
-

at

dA_
f- g-
-

at
P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲
 RED
dj¥ 2- da¥
-
-
=
=

dt

=
-

2d =
-

2dCII
dt dt

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

(
RE ) -

g- daB =
§daB÷

daB÷ ÷daB¥
-

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

BE: 3
Aeg ,
→
413cg )
+
Qccg >

is in closed
Reaction carried out a Vessel
of 10 L

moles
capacity . Number
of of B Increases
by
8×10-3 moles in to seconds .

d%t= ?
-

Find Li ) Rate disappearance of A

of
Lii ) Rate of
→
d4dt ?
of
c
appearance =

Liu) Rate Reaction

of
.

'
-8×10-5
(8×1,0-3-1)
'
dCBˢ Sei
_

Some = =
'
moll
dt

To

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

a) -54¥ =

¥47

10-5 6×10-5
&- 3- DI 8 × =
-

=
=
✗
dt

b) dB_
4- dt
=

2- dat

8×10-5 4×10-5
3- &ˢ
dˢ
2-
=
= = ✗
dt

c) of tgd÷ f- %ˢ
Reaction
Rate
f- It
= -

= =

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 = 2×10-5

BE Heating of ( CHS) Nz -
gives 142cg ,
and
(21-169) .

formation of -1sec
' '

If Rate of Nz is 56
gut
.

Find Rate Formation

of of CZHG
(g)
.

(CH 3) [
21421g 21161g ) N2
→
, t
(g)

i' 5 '
50€ Rate
of formation of Nz
=d¥I= 56g

's
(%-)
-
-1
= 2 Mol L

'
= ?

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 2mn51sec"
DIII =
d¥- =

' '
dCNHI 0.001 hi ◦ moth
kg
=

dt 17

Rate DCI ] dCs)

g-
Rxn
of ±
= -

dt dt

dlH 3- dC3)
=

at 2 dt

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 (°'% )
"
man
=
3- ✗

'
in
kgti :

3-2×(000,17×-103) Motz 10-3

ddH÷
-

✗ ✗
=

n = m -
=

2- ×
(°'°Y;)✗ 2 × 10-3

* "

o.gg?-kgh
=

m = MX M

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

Factors
Affecting Rate
of Reaction

a) concentration
of Reactant

b) Temperature
Reaction with in
Rate
of Increases increase

Temperature .

c) Nature
of Reactant and Product

d) Pressure ( For Gas Phase Reactions

e) (
pH f catalyst
P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲
 Rate
Types of law :

a) Differential Rate law

Rate with
Relate
of Reaction concentration

of Reactant
.

b)
Integrated Rate law

concentration Reactant and Product

Relate
of
with time .

It is derived by Integration of differential rate

law limits ◦ to t
using
.

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 Differential Rate law

AA + BB → cc + dD

"

Reaction ✗ [ A) [ B) 7
Rate
of

to
eponents n and
y may
or
may
not be
equal
stoichiometric coefficients a and b
of the Reactants .

[ B) Y (differential
"
Rate = RCA ] Rate law ]
Or

Experimental Rate law

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 K constant Reaction Specific Reaction Rate
Rate
of
=

A concentration Reactant
of A
=

B Concentration Reactant
of B
=

Overall order Reaction

✗+
of
=

K = Order
of Reaction with respect to 17

Order Reaction with respect

of to B
=

Reaction
Order
of :

It is the sum
of exponents of all concentration

terms in
appearing Rate law .

It can be
fractional Integer
+ ve ve Zero
-
.

, , , ,

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

Note :

the
Order
reflects sensitivity of Rate with respect
variation concentration Reactant
to on
of .

" d"
Rate = K [ A) A → B

3
KCA ]
tf order 3 R
= =

concentration is increased 2 times

3 ee ,
R = KCA ] →

3
R = K [ 2 A)
3 8h ,
R =
8K [ A ] =

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

 seeing stoichiometry
Order not be
predicted
→ can
by
Reaction determined
of
It is
always experimentally
-

Example 8 CHC / 3 1- C /
2
→ ccly + HCl

' %
Rate = R [ CHCI 3) [ c) 2)

Order
of Ran =
11-1/2 = 1.5

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲

P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲
P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲
P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲
P block C̲ i ̲r ̲c̲l ̲e̲