Cairo University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Power Department
4th Year

Laboratory Report
Round (1)
Performance Test of a Pelton Turbine

Submitted to: Eng. Acer Mohy Eldin

Submitted by: Omar Ragab Ahmed Abdelhamid
Sec :2
B.N :50

26/2/2024
Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Objectives........................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Equations: .......................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Readings and calculations Table5
5. Readings and Excel calculations Tables.......................................................................................... 6
6. Manual calculations for one point .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7. Velocity triangles ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8. Graphs.............................................................................................................................................. 14
1. Introduction

Figure 1:image of the Pelton turbine

2. Objectives
3. Equations:
1) Hydraulic Power Input:
H. P. I = 𝜌𝑉̇ 𝑔𝐻/106 (kW).
𝑉̇: Turbine discharge in lit/s,
𝐻: Total head in meter of water
𝜌: Water density in kg/m3
𝑔: Gravitational acceleration in m/s2

2) Turbine discharge or flow rate:

𝑉̇ = 0.014 ∗ ℎ2.5 (lit/s)
ℎ: Point gauge reading in cm

3) Total head:
𝐻 = 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐻𝑑 (meter of water)
𝐻𝑠: Static head in meter of water
𝐻𝑑: Dynamic head in meter of water
𝐻𝑠 = 𝑝2 ∗ 1.0196 ∗ 10−1 − 0.24 (meter of water)
𝑝2: Pressure gauge reading in kPa.
𝑉̇𝑓: Flow velocity at gauge in m/s
𝑉 𝑉/1000
𝑉̇𝑓 = =
𝐴 10.92∗10−4

𝑉𝑓 2
𝐻𝑑 = 2𝑔 =0.051*𝑉̇𝑓 2 (meter of water)

4) Turbine Power Output:

𝑻∗𝑾
P= 𝟑
𝟏𝟎
𝑇: Torque on the turbine shaft in N.m, calculated using the following equation,
𝑇 (N. m) = 2.5721(Torque Reading − Zero Error) + 0.0324
2𝜋𝑁
ω: Angular velocity of turbine shaft in rad/s =
60
N: Shaft rotational speed in RPM.
5) Turbine Overall Efficiency:

𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑷

𝜂𝑜 = 𝑯𝒚𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 = 𝑯.𝑷.𝑰

6) Specific speed (at the point of maximum efficiency of each experiment)

𝑁√𝜂𝑜 ∗ 𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 ∗ 1.36
𝐻 5/4

7) Runner speed ratio

𝑼 𝝅𝑫𝒑𝑵/𝟔𝟎 𝑵
𝜈 = 𝑪𝟏 = 𝑪𝒗√𝟐𝒈𝑯 =1.026*10-3 *
√𝑯
4. Readings and Manual calculations for one point:
 5. Readings and Excel calculations Tables
First set of reading:

𝑁 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) =

𝑇 (𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) =

Calculated Values:

𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0.014 ∗ ℎ2.5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡/𝑠

𝑉̇ /1000
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 10.92∗10−4
𝐻 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = (𝑝2 ∗ 1.0196 ∗ 10−1 − 0.24) + (0.051 ∗ 𝑉̇2) = 𝑚
𝑓

𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑉̇
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑘𝑊
106
𝜔(𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)

T (N.m) =
2.5721(Read-ZE) +0.0324
𝑇∗𝜔
𝑃(𝑘𝑊) =
1000
𝑃
𝜂𝑜 =
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼
𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑁
𝑈(𝑚/𝑠) =
60
𝐶1(𝑚/𝑠) = 𝐶𝑣√2𝑔𝐻

𝜈 = 𝑈/𝐶1

𝑁√𝜂𝑜 ∗ 𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 ∗ 1.36
𝑁𝑠 = 5
𝐻4
𝜓 = 2𝑔𝐻/𝑈2
 second set of reading:
Second Set of Readings

𝑇 (𝑍𝐸) =
𝑝2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑐𝑚
𝑁 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) =

𝑇 (𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) =

Calculated Values:
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0.014 ∗ ℎ2.5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡/𝑠
𝑉̇ /1000
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 10.92∗10−4
𝐻 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = (𝑝2 ∗ 1.0196 ∗ 10−1 − 0.24) + (0.051 ∗ 𝑉̇2) = 𝑚
𝑓

𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑉̇
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑘𝑊
106
𝜔(𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)

T (N.m) =
2.5721(Read-ZE) +0.0324
𝑇∗𝜔
𝑃(𝑘𝑊) =
1000
𝑃
𝜂𝑜 =
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼
𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑁
𝑈(𝑚/𝑠) =
60
𝐶1(𝑚/𝑠) = 𝐶𝑣√2𝑔𝐻

𝜈 = 𝑈/𝐶1

𝑁√𝜂𝑜 ∗ 𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 ∗ 1.36
𝑁𝑠 = 5
𝐻4
𝜓 = 2𝑔𝐻/𝑈2
 Third set of reading:
Third Set of Readings
𝑇 (𝑍𝐸) =
𝑝2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑐𝑚
𝑁 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) =

𝑇 (𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) =

Calculated Values:
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0.014 ∗ ℎ2.5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡/𝑠
𝑉̇ /1000
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 10.92∗10−4
𝐻 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = (𝑝2 ∗ 1.0196 ∗ 10−1 − 0.24) + (0.051 ∗ 𝑉̇2) = 𝑚
𝑓
𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑉̇
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑘𝑊
106
𝜔(𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)

T (N.m) =
2.5721(Read-ZE) +0.0324
𝑇∗𝜔
𝑃(𝑘𝑊) =
1000
𝑃
𝜂𝑜 =
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼
𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑁
𝑈(𝑚/𝑠) =
60
𝐶1(𝑚/𝑠) = 𝐶𝑣√2𝑔𝐻

𝜈 = 𝑈/𝐶1

𝑁√𝜂𝑜 ∗ 𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 ∗ 1.36
𝑁𝑠 = 5
𝐻4
𝜓 = 2𝑔𝐻/𝑈2
 fourth set of reading:
Fourth Set of Readings
𝑇 (𝑍𝐸) =
𝑝2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑐𝑚
𝑁 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) =

𝑇 (𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) =

Calculated Values:
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0.014 ∗ ℎ2.5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡/𝑠
𝑉̇ /1000
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 10.92∗10−4
𝐻 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = (𝑝2 ∗ 1.0196 ∗ 10−1 − 0.24) + (0.051 ∗ 𝑉̇2) = 𝑚
𝑓

𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑉̇
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑘𝑊
106
𝜔(𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)

T (N.m) =
2.5721(Read-ZE) +0.0324
𝑇∗𝜔
𝑃(𝑘𝑊) =
1000
𝑃
𝜂𝑜 =
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼
𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑁
𝑈(𝑚/𝑠) =
60
𝐶1(𝑚/𝑠) = 𝐶𝑣√2𝑔𝐻

𝜈 = 𝑈/𝐶1

𝑁√𝜂𝑜 ∗ 𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 ∗ 1.36
𝑁𝑠 = 5
𝐻4
𝜓 = 2𝑔𝐻/𝑈2
 Fifth set of reading:
Fifth Set of Readings
𝑇 (𝑍𝐸) =
𝑝2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑐𝑚
𝑁 (𝑟𝑝𝑚) =

𝑇 (𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) =

Calculated Values:
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0.014 ∗ ℎ2.5 = 𝑙𝑖𝑡/𝑠
𝑉̇ /1000
𝑉̇ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 10.92∗10−4
𝐻 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = (𝑝2 ∗ 1.0196 ∗ 10−1 − 0.24) + (0.051 ∗ 𝑉̇2) = 𝑚
𝑓
𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑉̇
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = = 𝑘𝑊
106
𝜔(𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)

T (N.m) =
2.5721(Read-ZE) +0.0324
𝑇∗𝜔
𝑃(𝑘𝑊) =
1000
𝑃
𝜂𝑜 =
𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼
𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑁
𝑈(𝑚/𝑠) =
60
𝐶1(𝑚/𝑠) = 𝐶𝑣√2𝑔𝐻

𝜈 = 𝑈/𝐶1

𝑁√𝜂𝑜 ∗ 𝐻. 𝑃. 𝐼 ∗ 1.36
𝑁𝑠 = 5
𝐻4
𝜓 = 2𝑔𝐻/𝑈2
8. Graphs