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Somatic Voluntary

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AUTONOMIC Involuntary

Somatic motor system -

innervates skeletal muscles

3 types of muscle tissues

I. Skeletal muscle tissue =

2. Cardiac muscle tissue

3. Smooth muscle tissue

skeletal muscle
◦
Each muscle fiber (skeletal muscle cell)

is wrapped in a membrane called ENDOMYSIUM

A
group of endomy slum covered muscle fibers makes
◦ -

up a fascicle ( which IS wrapped in a membrane called PERIMYSIUM )

A
group of fascicles makes up the skeletal muscle ( which Is wrapped
◦

in a membrane called EPIMYSIUM )

Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber

sarcolemma : plasma mem .
Of muscle fiber

Myoflbhl : rod like structures that run the entire

-

length of the muscle fiber

The my 0 filaments

T tubules runs btw the ends

-

of the sarcoplasmic

reticulum ( SR )

Role of the SR is to store / release calcium into the

sarcomas m
The MYOF / laments Thick + Thin Filaments

Eachmyoflbn/ contains smaller structures called myofilaments

Zmaintypes myosin : and Actin

Thick filaments are composed of the protein myosin

myosin molecules formadarkbandcalledthetlband

Thin filaments are anchored by the Zines and consist of 3. proteins

1. Actin

2.
Tropomyosin
3. Troponin

Sarcomeresaretne structural units of skeletal muscle

The distance b/w 2 successive Zines -_
asacromere

muscle contraction

sliding of the thin filaments past

the Abandsresultsln muscle

components ofasacromere contraction .

Aband thick filament

: >
Hzone decreases / disappears

Milne bisects and anchors then bands

/ disappears
>
:
I bands decreases

Thin filaments Abands

alternating w/ > sacromere length shortens

Zines : anchortnetmnf / laments what stimulates skeletal

Hzone middle region of A band not overlapping muscles to contract ?
:

W/ thin filaments when they are stimulated by

Ibands : regions of thin filaments not
overlapping activated motor neurons in the
w/ Abands
somatic nervous system

/
Each axonal terminal Ofa motor neuron
onemotorneuroncanmnervate
innervates one muscle fiber -10 form the
several skeletal muscle fibers
neuromuscular junction
motor neurons make contact w/
Neurotransmitter ( Ach)
being released : acetylcholine Skeletal muscle fibers Watts
axon terminals
 1. Somatic motor neuron releases A- Chat
neuromuscular
junction
2 . Nat influx initiates action potential . . .
AP travels

down T tubule -

3. Cazt in the SR will enter cytoplasm

4. Caz+ binds to troponin . . . act in filament slides

toward center of Sacro mere

5. Need ATP to bring Caz

+
back Into SR . . .
dec in

cytosolic cazt Will cause it to unbind from troponin .

Skeletal muscles can relax

causes of muscle Fatigue

1. decrease in action potential frequency by motor neuron → decreased Ach release

2. blockage of calcium voltage sensitive channels at a ✗ on terminal → no Ach release

3. Increased acetylcholinesterase activity →

Inc . Ach breakdown

4.
blockage of Acn receptors

5. glycogen depletion
→ Dec .
ATP production

2 Categories of skeletal muscle contraction

Isometric contraction :
force (tension) generated by muscle is increasing at a constant

muscle length ; occurs when weight exceeds the force generated

by the muscle

Isotonic contraction : muscle length changes at a relatively constant force ; force

generated by muscle exceeds the weight so it contracts and

work IS done

his ISOTONIC

ls Isometric