Unit 5

Page 1 of 15
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UNTT-S
RASICS Of PHY TOCHEMISTRY
a
)Exhachon al technqus
arm
(SPMuHO SCopy
ü) Applicahim of lattsF Hethuaul
chtonmattgraph,, lechophoxSu
drug
of (uds
Ph iduificoion
15olahion, puificoion nd
mpQus
ell
devh fiahon of Crudu drugs

Tolahion puificahm and
rew
ely appliconn of latut techna

CChomatoqraphu
Spcros(opy.
Ca
Wrik a noe on i muthod
(Pcolahion SOxhlut prouy) PLE
Website :- www.carewellpharma.in
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Page 2 of 15
Phuytbton titentt)
tha OCtun naturally in
QA Chima Corpounds
Plas avcd u Compounds Q Mdidnally adiv (ompour

of
wh h a dissolue Ou fom Cals
ad isu Plas
bytha proco oF extrachon
a
CUrCUmh
arm
TUvmc (aA)
phuthcon stitvets of tuvmuri
ANSo deals study of tu Plhuyto cmituds

Ph
Wrik a detals nole on Exhachom.
.Exhactian
ell
Tha proCs of extvaching o spohingudici nall
achive Conctituet ofpds hulp of
rew
Solven nd Aftndavc proudUe Calud a extration.
Plaus) uytvum
(Soluen
Ca
Undirsolved mun dnu

(Exhac
ldu
(marc
Solvent ( munstum) uud for extrochn
watti thonol, uthavbluofprm, Dun2@n, idHovoelthanol,
Acopona petroleumn ehuy
TtAhould b (inut), hon-tox1ct)/ \nf-lammahlu et
Page 3 of 15
Typus Oxtrattion
(Onendional
Modivn
Macv odion Mciowave Assised
Extraction (mF)
a
Infusion
Pevtolalion PHessuvizud lugud eyhaCh m
arm
DigLstion
e Cochon
Soxlut extrachon
Ph
(Maevation) Selid plaut makrals plotad n cloLad
ant
s0ok ing Covdtainars with (Solvetj avd alouedto
SJandfor ateast 3 days uith freqent (aquttion) vnil
ell
solubla mater u dissdved, tun mxtue
Ond purified b fltahion
rew
) TnfAsion
Ca
T plont matnl mauvattd
(Ahort pexlac of Himdy uug cold /bolhg uak
) DLAUshm
atovm of maurcdi wim qunHe
hea0-60 c) oppligd durlng u of xhachon
Also sir clung xhadhim exnutt Hha ophuu y

appluyeg hd
Page 4 of 15
Dtoctim
malevnal u boiled in waler un codld aud Apala

Plai
4is is
SUital for wat SOlubl for uar Ajabl
c&tHe tonstithuis
a
Pevclahion
arm
Tt i continvouS ounwavd
MLMun
displaumaiT of SoluevtHhrovgn lad,
un Crud drug matrial oria

Ale paptn
Jashu sawd
(cotton)
Ph (plat matru
proudR
Sl2t educh on HxHy plant maktvial cotm)

P)
Convt intd
ell
Owder 4hough ducing +heir Slz
rew
Tmeukihoy> prouy of absorphionm onu gubstanu by nGthr

powded dwg moiseud) witM uitall
amoUn of munsum ( Solvent) Cd allou to san
Ca
pocking AH imeikoy, u molssen drog patktd
PLrcolatdr
Macarotion Suffiieu moun ofF nunutrum ad ded tod
Aaturated materials ad alyow to Atauds for

MaCerate drug
Page 5 of 15
Ptscolation inal Aep. A
top i optu aud lyud
T
i Collock kan a
Cevcvolud
allosto dip Alouly
Tak
dil volury of finichid pvoduu
0btalud
ThL Phocus Hpuatcl till a drop f olen from th
a
P.colator wun evaporctor cos nst Uae teldw
arm
) Soxle exhothiom
AlSo cnduun Q hot tovtinuovs exaction protss
CCuduter)
Ph
-adopt
Condinsu
Puy
ell
Soxu
exador
Si
rew
siphon
himl
ishilaho.
olve Aauk (RoE)
Ca
soU
t but uthodfor
frtu Condinvov extrachon a
S&td ho Solve.
4 a
Page 6 of 15
.(ovustvoion appaMau »
RIC Round botom ftk) oL 2ütilabiom ftuk

SOxhlu exbacin (a thumbl, ids tuet, Aphom tuli)
tbt
FHapton ( Join Condsnov
COnduwor (Reflex)
a
arm
protadun (wouking)
fisHy CoVedt plat cnas malenbd t dvy ouddued fom
NOw, tuM pouwdee u plaud In atimblu mada up OF

Ph extutt
tr papaxtun F pbud Inuds th
SOxkl appavchu
ell
This apponatus u Hecd to a round bstbm fask(28F) whluh
Conkuin soleent (msnstrum) aud also wih a ttley

rew
COdun ser wlh t hl of adaptor
Solven in RB bslud tty, vapours

TuL
Ca
passu throuah SAd tubl,HLen it Condin
hvough Condanstr ud fall td thimbl (onctanng

Aloudly
maerial and fAl Hu SOxut
whin u Solveus têathas attacd tubt

RBF)
Siphs ove wdd t1a( move udo
Page 7 of 15
alou -o (onplule exhaNm
AHeL exhathbn mbe povous Cup which mtain
sfdl aud kepa procos mok
a
exnact 0b tainud ROE
arm
tquie pLvzolahom
Mou economi(al
Pfomad Om
Ph
lAge sal.
AlLo
ex bacvom
distillahom Seam distillahon

ell
Huduo dasthllaim
rew
Modurn mmods
ioowove A Ssised exrathon MAE)
ex bathon usg
Ca
mlcvowoves n-loni2ing elechomaOMic waves

- 360 GHz2)
(pequm So0 MHz
pYoudUe
rucro uDAVs produtud a ugh tempiana4
eporoles tha moistuve in celly
Page 8 of 15
dekyduat Cellulosa
Yaptuts cellwalls
a
EXhack wih solven
arm
Colleckd
Ondnse
wih t hlp of
rapa exhachm wiHun S-lo minules .

Ph
ell
A
A
rew
Ca
Page 9 of 15
Wlvile obou application of chomatbgvaphy echqu

in TSolahion, purifiadion and ideutifitahion
of CUdA dvu
chromatbgraphy
a
a echniqus which
arm
isolahionpwifiahonm Cwd dvurys
anddunthfitahon of
R
purificahion echLgus, och we na
Jdeify
to
Ph
ConpontrS aud aluo penale
from xtuRs
Basic principl
ell
mam ComponuTS ( phasu)
Stahionavy pha (F has lng ura aand

rew
may a olid /qucl)

Mcbil phas ma 21
elue (ftous) upon u Apatray pass)

Ca
Sepanattam of Sample Cpo nuts ba'std on
t dtferena in valk of úqyathm (moven

on aionay phas
ANOW, Sampl mixtux pottcd o Aaionar
aienay
pha tn elukd ly mobile phous mxnun
Sepinatc sinay phas
Page 10 of 15
Applicabions
lo iuewhi fy tu actua Componunt na

Tduifiohon
(Onplux YmixtvR SS
Tcoldion
TO ikolale(sapanole) u Componuts fiom tu
nuxu
a
oF ive Cnshtue nts
To delermin gucuity
arm
pstnt in mixve
hauyu
AISo hulp o chudk u qualutg) of dy dugs
Compaly spndand
Ph
Overall, th y rol of chro matag aphy
(Pulfiaho
(Puwfy)tu drugs
whith a
ell
SAverad echnqu ot chomatoqraphuy ^ Use
ThAL
fon Hus purpot
rew
)paptr chvomatogphy
povformonl
TLC Tin lay chomaldgrapy
(ughPRSSU) Liquid
HPL(Hugh chvomabgapku)
Ca
v)HPTt (High pHSSUR in lay Cbmab)raphuy)

v Column chwomatd qraphy.
Page 11 of 15
paptr chromaloqvapluy
echua, shuf of paplk uud to
Qalyus off Unknouon SubAtan
Cellulbu layur filtr oper Otaln moistue ouch
stahonwy phas Oud Orqanic soluevd buHen
a
alsp (wat)
used mobulu phal
arm
woer on papar
oetl Pha
pha
Ph
) TLC (Thin laye thvomalbgrapu)
U duditu HL plurtptmditue rd
ell
Od also uçad for qvalitative ) dekevminahon d plant
rew
exbacs
u echnuql ano
wlduly widuly
Papir chomatoCvaphy
Ca
nvoles Ataho nay phan OfF

ms atun
laer of ad torunt, Slia qu), alunio on ddulo
procduR
OncA Adimany pho plade
Eacly, draw a uu vsi
Pnu m from ba f plof aluo fronopP
Page 12 of 15
mal Apot of sampl pe appbed on tdima

pha Hun placsd a in mobu pha
molou phol VUns pa

du Copily u Compo nunT g
a
Othon dnd
Spouattc dapending9 upon helir polanili Jowands
arm
staioony pha
Colcuale eleion fa tu
Ph - (RH
Disantaellud la
an idividual
Distau tvavvllad
Compon
by
ell
Class sld spuad selica Spot elu

rew
9thun
dap n
Mol phae
Ca
Galwlar thn
(p. vang b/
(o-1
Solvem
Page 13 of 15
HPLCHugh pessuK/pevfdmaut)Lauid Chomabgaphu)
CCemptin fer data
HPLC Column
a
arm
ecto
dettoy Wa
Sblveu
preAUHE
Ph
HPLC:high performance liquid chromatography
ell
Alsocalled as high pressure liquid chromatography
relies on pumps to pass a pressurized (5000-1000 psi)
It liquid
rew
solvent ie mobile phase containing the sample

mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent
material.
Stationaryphase-immobilized thin layer liquid on micro
glass or plastic beads tightly packed on narrow oolumn
Mobile phase- solvent system passed under high
Ca
pressure through column

Theeluents can be detected by detectors
It can be applied inn the form of adsorption, ion
exchange, partition or molecular sieve chromatography
Due to rapidity in detection its is used for detection of
amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, vitamins, homones, drugs, etc
Page 14 of 15
iv HPTLC Hgh psU/purfomonul Hhin laur lomaldgiap ay)
has Aimulan approadh Ond enployad T

Samu physlcal principtus off adsovphion Ch1omatbgaphy)
TLC
ie.ha principlu
of spmaation od sorpmonm
a
protadue
arm
SGmpu spot4 sahiono pha
holalu phou Solve fiow hvovan bltauA ot
Copila achon
Ph
Componuntt move actondng to 4he atfin
ouwands ad lorben
ell
OF Amplu Apottc om u plar
rew
sbould not MOR
nm In dalnultr
Tproviduy a hghn ethcacyhnTLC btaur

Ca
adsorbsT Uud n Ama Cud vnimm n izu
Soura Tinchk of Aloe tra Van offidnslis
Stahionany phaxSahca qal

Mobilu phak hy auli for mic acid : watl
11:2:3B)
Page 15 of 15
Steps Involved in HPTLC
a
Selection of chromatographic layer
arm
Sample and standard preparation
Layer pre-washing
Ph
Layer pre-conditioning
ell
Application of sample and standard
rew
Chromatographic development
Detection of spots
Ca
Scanning
Documentation of chromatic plate

Unit 5

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Page 1 of 15

Carewell Pharma - A Family of Learning

RASICS Of PHY TOCHEMISTRY

devh fiahon of Crudu drugs

ely appliconn of latut techna

Wrik a noe on i muthod

(Pcolahion SOxhlut prouy) PLE

Plas avcd u Compounds Q Mdidnally adiv (ompour

phuthcon stitvets of tuvmuri

ANSo deals study of tu Plhuyto cmituds

Solven nd Aftndavc proudUe Calud a extration.

Undirsolved mun dnu

Solvent ( munstum) uud for extrochn

watti thonol, uthavbluofprm, Dun2@n, idHovoelthanol,

Acopona petroleumn ehuy

TtAhould b (inut), hon-tox1ct)/ \nf-lammahlu et

T plont matnl mauvattd

(Ahort pexlac of Himdy uug cold /bolhg uak

atovm of maurcdi wim qunHe

hea0-60 c) oppligd durlng u of xhachon

Also sir clung xhadhim exnutt Hha ophuu y

malevnal u boiled in waler un codld aud Apala

un Crud drug matrial oria

Sl2t educh on HxHy plant maktvial cotm)

Tmeukihoy> prouy of absorphionm onu gubstanu by nGthr

pocking AH imeikoy, u molssen drog patktd

Macarotion Suffiieu moun ofF nunutrum ad ded tod

Aaturated materials ad alyow to Atauds for

RIC Round botom ftk) oL 2ütilabiom ftuk

fisHy CoVedt plat cnas malenbd t dvy ouddued fom

NOw, tuM pouwdee u plaud In atimblu mada up OF

Conkuin soleent (msnstrum) aud also wih a ttley

COdun ser wlh t hl of adaptor

Solven in RB bslud tty, vapours

passu throuah SAd tubl,HLen it Condin

hvough Condanstr ud fall td thimbl (onctanng

whin u Solveus têathas attacd tubt

alou -o (onplule exhaNm

AHeL exhathbn mbe povous Cup which mtain

sfdl aud kepa procos mok

distillahom Seam distillahon

ioowove A Ssised exrathon MAE)

mlcvowoves n-loni2ing elechomaOMic waves

eporoles tha moistuve in celly

rapa exhachm wiHun S-lo minules .

Wlvile obou application of chomatbgvaphy echqu

Stahionavy pha (F has lng ura aand

may a olid /qucl)

elue (ftous) upon u Apatray pass)

Sepanattam of Sample Cpo nuts ba'std on

t dtferena in valk of úqyathm (moven

lo iuewhi fy tu actua Componunt na

v)HPTt (High pHSSUR in lay Cbmab)raphuy)

echua, shuf of paplk uud to

Qalyus off Unknouon SubAtan

Cellulbu layur filtr oper Otaln moistue ouch

stahonwy phas Oud Orqanic soluevd buHen

nvoles Ataho nay phan OfF

mal Apot of sampl pe appbed on tdima

molou phol VUns pa

Spouattc dapending9 upon helir polanili Jowands

Class sld spuad selica Spot elu