CHUYÊN ĐỀ 21

ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS

A. LÍ THUYẾT
Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu, được dùng để
nhấn mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu.
Các dạng đảo ngữ:
Các dạng
STT Công thức Ví dụ
đảo ngữ
No/Not + N + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ Not a tear did she shed when the story
ended in a tragedy.
At no time = Never = Under/In no At no time did he suspect that his
circumstances girlfriend was an enemy spy.
(không bao giờ)
By no means By no means is she poor. She only
(hoàn toàn không) pretends to be.
For no reason For no reason will we surrender.
(không vì lí do gì)
Các cụm In no way In no way could I believe in a
1
từ có NO (không sao có thể) ridiculous story.
On no condition = On no account + On no account should you be late for
Trợ động từ + S + Động từ the exam.
(dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không)
No longer (không còn nữa) No longer does he make mistakes.
No where + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ No where can the keys be found.
(không nơi nào, không ở đâu)
Đảo ngữ Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly, Little did he know the truth.
với các Scarcely, Barely,... Never in my life have I been in such
2 trạng từ an embarrassing situation.
phủ định
Only after + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only after I had left home did I
(chỉ sau khi) realize how important my family
played a role in my life.
Only after + N + Trợ động từ + S + V Only after his father's retirement did
Đảo ngữ (chỉ sau khi) he take over the company.
3 với ONLY Only by + V-ing + Trợ động từ + S + V Only by studying hard can you pass
(chỉ bằng cách) the exam.
Only if + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V Only if you promise to keep secret will
(chỉ nếu) I tell you about it.
 Only when + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + Only when you grow up can you
V (chỉ khi) understand this matter.
Only with + N + trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ Only with your help can we manage.
với)
Only once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only once have I met her.
Only then + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Only later did I realize I was wrong.
Động từ
Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S + Hardly had I gone to bed when the
Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ đơn) telephone rang.
Hardly = No sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S + = No sooner had I gone to bed than
4
No sooner V (quá khứ đơn) the telephone rang.
(Ngay khi/vừa mới... thì)
Not only Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Not only does she sing beautifully but
5 … but Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ also she learns well.
also (không những... mà còn)
So + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that + So beautiful is she that many boys run
clause after her.
So/Such ... Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + Her anger was such that she broke the
6 that such + that + clause vase.
(quá... đến nỗi mà) = Such was her anger that she broke
the vase.
Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ Not until/till midnight did he come
Not until/ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ home.
7 Not till (mãi đến khi) Not until/till I was 8 did I know how
to ride a bike.
Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động Neither is there excitement nor
8 Neither
từ entertainment in this small town.
Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should he come, please tell him to see
Should + S+V, V + O /S + will, can... + V me.
Câu điêu kiện loại 2: Were I you, I would apply for that job.
Đảo ngữ Were + S + (to V) + ..., S + would/could + Were I to have enough money, I would
9 với câu V buy that car.
điều kiện
Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had the car in the front not stopped so
Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could + have + suddenly, the accidents wouldn't have
Vp2 happened.
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 2: Viết lại câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ
1. He by no means intends to criticize your idea.
 By no means................................................................................................................................................
2. I never suspect you.
 At no time ...................................................................................................................................................
3. I could in no way agree with you.
 In no way ....................................................................................................................................................
4. Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
 No sooner ....................................................................................................................................................
5. I didn't wake up until 8 am today.
 Not until ......................................................................................................................................................
6. I didn't know him until I started to study English.
 Not until ......................................................................................................................................................
7. He called me only when he needed help.
 Only when...................................................................................................................................................
8. He neither has called on her nor will do so.
 Neither ........................................................................................................................................................
9. You shouldn't go out late under any circumstances.
 Under no circumstances..............................................................................................................................
10. This switch must be touched on no account.
 On no account .............................................................................................................................................
11. I understood the problem only then.
 Only then.....................................................................................................................................................
12. We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.
 Only by .......................................................................................................................................................
13. I didn't post it until later.
 Only later ....................................................................................................................................................
14. He came home only at midnight.
 Only at midnight .........................................................................................................................................
15. The doctor was so angry that none of the nurses dared to utter.
 Such ............................................................................................................................................................
16. I can forgive you only if you tell me the truth.
 Only if .........................................................................................................................................................
17. I realized that I'd seen the film before only after the film started.
 Only after ....................................................................................................................................................
18. You can learn English well only in this way.
 Only in this way ..........................................................................................................................................
19. The film was so moving that I couldn't help crying.
 So moving ...................................................................................................................................................
20. If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
 Were............................................................................................................................................................
 ENGLISH PRACTICE 32
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
other words in each group( 10pts): Ghi rõ âm của từng từ
1. A. create B. creature C. ease D. increase
2. A. cool B. moon C. proof D. stood
3. A. place B. plate C. trace D. travel
4. A. above B. glove C. love D. prove
5. A. suit B. seven C. sugar D. sun
6. A. shot B. chemical C. fresh D. champagne
7. A. needed B. played C. rained D. followed
8. A. houses B. faces C. horses D. sources
9. A. grades B. pilots C. shapes D. tricks
10. A. dollar B. lower C. micro D. stone
II. Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences(10pts):
1. Maths and Literature are…….subjects for children in Vietnam.
A. adding B. compulsory C. optional D. religious
2. They used to……swimming in the afternoon. A. go B. going C. went D. gone
3. He is a generous man. He is………known for his generosity.
A. well B. good C. better D. best
4. If people stop using dynamite for fishing, a lot of sea creatures will be well…….
A. preservation B. preserve C. preserved D. preservative
5. We think that Mother's Day should be celebrated…… A. nation wideB. nationalC. nationD. native
6. What must you do if you want to show you are………perfect healthy? A. on B. in C. atD. with
7. I don't know…….it is right or wrong. A. whenever B. whether C. unless D. that
8. Your composition is……..better than his. A. more B. much C. probable D. very
9. You look…….you were tired. A. like B. although C. until D. as if
10. I didn't feel too bad really, I only had a………..attack flu. A. weakB. small C. gentleD. mild
III . There is a mistake in each of the following sentences. Find and correct it(10pts)
1. The house painted more than 3 years ago but I am not going to have it done again for a while.
2. Water-skiing can be expensive and one way of reducing this is joining a club.
3. We've been here only one day, but we've been taken three rolls of film.
4. There was a report on the Independent about this new law.
5. Please give me few coffee and some bread if you have any left.
6. Unless we work harder, we will finish on time.
7. The children are only allowed watching television on the weekend.
8. Perhaps mankind's first important music influence was the songs of birds.
9. People can buy since a needle to an eagle in this shopping center.
10. This book , that I bought last week, is very interesting.
IV. Use the correct form of the word in brackets(10pts):
1. He seems to be quiet……..about the future. ( hopeful)
2. As a child I had an……….friend and called Polly. ( imagine)
3. She was……….with the new decision. ( disappoint)
4. As a doctor, he likes studying the……system. ( respire)
5. He thinks it's……….to let her know the truth. ( need)
6. You need a lot of…………to be a teacher. ( patient)
7. He draw cartoon for a………magazine. ( humour)
8. Theatre company that they started is still in………..today. ( exist)
9. She had to make some very difficult……… ( decide)
10. It is impossible to……….between a hobby and interest.? ( distinct)
V. Choose the one option A, B,C or D that best complete the passage(10pts)
One of t he most famous statues in the world….(1) on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of
course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman…..(2)… the torch of liberty, and its….
(3)… name is the " Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World". The statue was a….(4).. to American
people from the French..(5)….the friendship between the two nations. It was designed by Frederic
Auguste Bartodie and…(6)…in 1884 in France, then was….(7) to American and put up in 1886.
In the years after the statue was put up, many…(8)…came to the United States through New York.
….(9) they entered New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She…(10)
…..a welcome to a land of freedom.
1. A. stands B. puts C. exists D. finds
2. A. who holding B. holds C. holding D. she holds.
3. A. false B. common C. first D. official
4. A. favor B. gift C. power D. representative
5. A. who show B. to show C. showing D. that shows
6. A. completed B. raised C. achieved D. performed
7. A. gone B. removed C. taken D. transported
8. A. foreigners B. immigrants C. aliens D. emigrants
9. A. During B. While C. Since D. As
10. A. symbolized B. made C. got D. extended
VI. Fill in each space with a suitable preposition.(10 pts)
1. Tell me what is wrong……doing this job.
2. She is bad……..gathering sources of information.
3. Why don't you bring……a raincoat?
4. What aspect……learning English do you find difficult?
5. My friend works ……a national bank in Ho Chi Minh city.
6. I look forward…….hearing from my mother in Singapore.
7. His village lies near the foot of a mountain and……a river.
8. I met him in 1999…..those days I didn't pay attention to him.
9. My shoes are dirty. I'd better take them…..before I come in.
10. The park was named…..a young hero, Le Van Tam.
VII. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as
the sentence printed before it(20pts)
1. He won't do it unless you pay him advance.
He'll do it only…………………………………….
2. Come back when you have delivered the message.
Don't come back……………………………………
3. I think somebody's already told me that story.
I think I…………………………………………….
4. She never seems to succeed even though she works hard.
However……………………………………………
5. When she heard the news, she broke down.
On…………………………………………………..
6. It might be a good idea to use honey instead of sugar.
Why………………………………………………...
7. When you lie, some gestures can show you are lying.
Some gestures……………………………………….
8. He never suspected that the money had been stolen.
At no………………………………………………..
9. I don't really want to visit the museum.
I'd rather…………………………………………….
10. My decision to get up and dance coincided with the band's decision to stop playing.
The moment…………………………………………
VIII. Fill in each gap with a suitable word(10pts):
We are all destroying the Earth. The sea..(1)…..rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much
smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live….(2)… many of the world's cities. In one well-known city,
for….(3)…., poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that policemen have to wear
oxygen…..(4)….. We have to cut……(5) so many trees that there are now vast areas of …(6)all over
the world. As a result, farmers in….(7) of African can not grow enough to eat . In certain countries in
Asia there is so little rice. Moreover, we do not….(8) enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are
quickly disappearing. For ……(9), tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for
them survive. However, it isn't so simple to talk……(10) the problem. We must act now before it is too
late to do anything about it. Join us now! Save the Earth!.