ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS

Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu,
được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu.
Các dạng đảo ngữ:
Các dạng
STT Công thức Ví dụ
đảo ngữ

No/Not + N + Trợ động từ + S + Not a tear did she shed when

Động từ the story ended in a tragedy.

At no time = Never = Under/In no At no time did he suspect

circumstances that his girlfriend was an
(không bao giờ) enemy spy.

By no means By no means is she poor.

(hoàn toàn không) She only pretends to be.

For no reason For no reason will we

(không vì lí do gì) surrender.
Các cụm từ
1 In no way In no way could I believe in
có NO
(không sao có thể) a ridiculous story.

On no condition = On no
account + On no account should you
Trợ động từ + S + Động từ be late for the exam.
(dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không)

No longer does he make

No longer (không còn nữa)
mistakes.

No where + Trợ động từ + S +

No where can the keys be
Động từ
found.
(không nơi nào, không ở đâu)

Đảo ngữ Little did he know the truth.

Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little,
với các Never in my life have I been
2 Hardly, Scarcely, Barely,… + trợ
trạng từ in such an embarrassing
động từ + S + V
phủ định situation.

3 Đảo ngữ Only after I had left home

Only after + S + V + Trợ động từ
với ONLY did I realize how important
+S+V
my family played a role in
(chỉ sau khi)
my life.

Only after + N + Trợ động từ + S Only after his father’s

+V retirement did he take over
 (chỉ sau khi) the company.

Only by + V-ing + Trợ động từ + Only by studying hard can

S + V (chỉ bằng cách) you pass the exam.

Only if + S + V + Trợ động từ + S Only if you promise to keep

+ V (chỉ nếu) secret will I tell you about it.

Only when + S + V + Trợ động từ Only when you grow up can

+ S + V (chỉ khi) you understand this matter.

Only with + N + trợ động từ + S Only with your help can we

+ V (chỉ với) manage.

Only once/ Only later/ Only in Only once have I met her.
this way/ Only then + Trợ động Only later did I realize I was
từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ wrong.

Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S
+
Hardly had I gone to bed
Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ
Hardly when the telephone rang.
4 đơn)
No sooner = No sooner had I gone to
= No sooner + had + S + Vp2+
bed than the telephone rang.
than + S + V (quá khứ đơn)
(Ngay khi/vừa mới… thì)

Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ

Not only does she sing
Not only ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ
5 beautifully but also she learns
… but also ngữ + Động từ (không những…
well.
mà còn)

So beautiful is she that many

So + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that
boys run after her.
+ clause
So/Such … Her anger was such that she
6 Such + be + N + that + clause/ N
that broke the vase.
+ be + such + that + clause
= Such was her anger that
(quá… đến nỗi mà)
she broke the vase.

Not until/till + Time/Time clause Not until/till midnight did he

Not until/ + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động come home.
7
Not till từ Not until/till I was 8 did I
(mãi đến khi) know how to ride a bike.

Neither is there excitement

Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ
8 Neither nor entertainment in this
+ Động từ
small town.
 Câu điều kiện loại 1:
Should he come, please tell
Should + S+V, V + O /S + will,
him to see me.
can… + V

Were I you, I would apply

Câu điêu kiện loại 2:
Đảo ngữ for that job.
Were + S + (to V) + …, S +
9 với câu Were I to have enough
would/could + V
điều kiện money, I would buy that car.

Had the car in the front not

Câu điều kiện loại 3:
stopped so suddenly, the
Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could
accidents wouldn’t have
+ have + Vp2
happened.

Although the exercise is

Although/even though/though + S
+ V,
S +V
= Much as + S + V, S + V
= No matter what + S + V, S + V
10 Although
hoặc No matter how + adj/adv + S
+ V, S + V
= However + adj/adv + S + V =
Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, S +
V solve it.
difficult, the boys can solve
it.
= Much as the exercise is
difficult, the boys can solve
it.
= No matter how difficult
the exercise is, the boys can
solve it.
= However difficult the
exercise is, the boys can
= Difficult as the exercise is,
the boys can solve it.

Nor + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + He doesn’t smoke, nor does

11 NOR
Động từ he drink.

Đảo ngữ có I can’t sing well, neither can

So/Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ
12 SO/ my sister.
ngữ
NEITHER He loves football, so do I.

Đảo ngữ
với các
trạng từ
13 Adv of place + V + S Near my house is a bus stop.
chỉ phương
hướng/ nơi
chốn

Situated in the central

Đảo ngữ mountains of Alaska is a
Cụm phân từ (V-ing/Vp2) + V +
14 với cụm peak named Denali.
S
phân từ Coming first in the race was
my sister.
I. Rewrite the sentences
1. He had left the office when the phone rang.
No sooner ………………………………………………………….
2. He didn’t give up until the competition finished.
Not until ………………………………………………………….
3. I won’t give you any money.
Not any money ………………………………………………………….
4. He not only stole a bike but also hit the police.
Not only ………………………………………………………….
5. He only thought about buying a new car when he won the lottery.
Only when ………………………………………………………….
6. The door couldn’t open without a key.
Only by ………………………………………………………….
7. If the salary is high, I will take over the job.
Should ………………………………………………………….
8. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
Had ………………………………………………………….
9. He is such a humorous person that everyone likes him.
Such ………………………………………………………….
10. If the bike didn’t break down, I would ride it.
Were ………………………………………………………….
11. The movie is so interesting that I can’t take my eyes off it.
So ………………………………………………………….
12. As soon as he had breakfast, he went to school.
No sooner ………………………………………………………….
13. My brother rarely reads books.
Rarely ………………………………………………………….
14. The only way you can become a famous singer is by training harder.
Only ………………………………………………………….
15. As soon as we had come back home, it started to rain.
No sooner ………………………………………………………….
16. She not only sings but also dances.
Not only ………………………………………………………….
17. I won’t agree till Tom apologizes.
Not until ………………………………………………………….
18. If they ran out of tickets, we would go to another theater.
Were ………………………………………………………….
19. The children should on no account go on their own.
On no account ………………………………………………………….
20. The test is so difficult that no student can do it.
So ………………………………………………………….
21. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
Only ………………………………………………………….
22. He is not only talented but also active.
Not only ………………………………………………………….
23. I could drive a car only when I am over 18 years old.
Only when ………………………………………………………….
24. He no longer drinks alcohol.
No longer ………………………………………………………….
25. I have never seen someone who drinks as much as you.
Never ………………………………………………………….
26. If I hadn’t lacked money, I wouldn’t have bought my house.
Had ………………………………………………………….
27. She bought so many books that she didn’t know where to put them.
So ………………………………………………………….
28. He understands little about the conversation.
Little ………………………………………………………….
29. If the leader comes, let me know immediately.
Should ………………………………………………………….
30. I will never forget you.
Never ………………………………………………………….
II. Choose the best answer
1. Seldom …………………to the radio.
A. do teenagers listen B. teenagers listen C. does teenagers listen
2. Never ………………… driven cars as much as today.
A. do people B. people C. have people
3. Not only ………………… but he also dances
A. does he sing B. he sings C. do he sing
4. Not until …………………the office did the phone ring.
A. he leaves B. has he left C. he has left
5. Such a beautiful day that …………………a party in the garden.
A. do we have B. we have C. x
6. Should …………………her, please call me.
A. he meets B. he meet C. does he meet
7. No sooner …………………out than it rains.
A. he goes B. will he go C. does he go
8. Rarely …………………sports.
A. does John play B. John plays C. do John play
9. So difficult that …………………the exam
A. can’t the student pass B. the students can’t pass C. can the student not pass
10. Little …………………the lesson.
A. he understands B. does he understands C. does he understand
III. Rewrite the sentences
1. If the weather is good, we may hang out.
Should ………………………………………………………….
2. If he didn’t apologize to me, I wouldn’t talk to him anymore.
Were ………………………………………………………….
3. If he got up early, he wouldn’t miss the bus.
Were ………………………………………………………….
4. If he hadn’t watched TV, he would have had time for his homework.
Had ………………………………………………………….
5. If I were rich, I would buy a new house.
Were ………………………………………………………….
6. If I were over 18 years old, I would drive a car.
Were ………………………………………………………….
7. If he plays sports regularly, he will lose weight quickly.
Should ………………………………………………………….
8. If he had driven carefully, he wouldn’t have had an accident.
Had ………………………………………………………….
9. If he has time, he will cook by himself.
Should ………………………………………………………….
10. If John weren’t sick, he would take part in the activity.
Were ………………………………………………………….
IV. Choose the best answer
1. Rarely _______ anyone using typewriters now-a-days.
A. you see B. will you see C. you will see D. you have seen
2. ________ received law degrees as today.
A. Never so many women have
B. Never have so many women
C. The women aren’t ever
D. Women who have never
3. _______ but also it filters out harmful rays.
A. The environment gives us air to breathe
B. Not only the environment gives us air to breathe
C. The environment which gives us air to breathe
D. Not only does the environment give us air to breathe
4. _____ have goods returned to us because they are faulty.
A. Seldom we do B. Seldom do we C. Rarely we D. Hardly we
5. Hardly _______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. we had B. he was C. had he D. did he
6. _______ did Jonathan realize that there was a danger.
A. Upon entering the store B. When he entered the store
C. After he has entered the store D. Only after entering the store
7. _______ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
A. Had he not B. he had C. had he D. if he has not
8. Sweet _______ the uses of adversity.
A. is B. are C. has D. was
9. Never _______ such a heinous crime.
A. he has committed B. has he done C. he has done D. has he committed
10. Only after the food has been dried or canned_______.
A. that it should be stored for later consumption
B. should be stored for later consumption
C. should it be stored for later consumption
D. it should be stored for later consumption