‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﳐﺰﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﳐﺰﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﳏﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭ‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﮐﺎﺭی ‪ ASME SEC VIII‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪15 pounds/in2‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﻳﺎ ‪ 1/3 Kilo Pascal‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻸ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﮐﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﳐﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎی ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪی‪ ،‬ﳐﺎﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﳏﻔﻈﻬﻬﺎی ﮐﺮﻭی‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﳍﺎی ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺯ ﳊﺎﻅ ﻇﺎﻫﺮی ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﳑﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎی ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺳﻴﻬﺎی ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ) ‪ Torispherical ،Ellipsoidal ،Hemispherical‬ﻭ ‪ (Flat‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﮐﺮﻭی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺯ ﳊﺎﻅ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ)ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪(Skirt ،Leg ،Lug‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ (Saddle‬ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩی )ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻬﺒﻨﺪی ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -1-2‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺸﱰی ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﳏﻠﻬﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬
‫� ﺩﺭ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭژﻫﻬﺎی ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬
‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﳎﻤﻮﻋﻬﻬﺎی ﳐﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﳐﺎﺯﻥ‬
‫� ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎی ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﲡﺎﺭی ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎی ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻬﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﳒﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻨﱰﻝ ﳕﻮﺩﻥ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻣﺮی ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﻨﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪ ۀ ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎی ﻣﻌﺘﱪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ ‪-‬‬
‫‪ ISO 17020‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭ‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ ASME SEC.VIII‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-2‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ )ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ(‬

‫‪*Pressure Vessel Handbook (Sixth Edition) by Eugene F. Megyesy‬‬

*API RP 572," Inspection of Pressure Vessel"
* Guidebook for the Design of ASME Section VIII (Second Edition) by
James R. Farr
* AWS (D10.4), "Recommended Practice for Welding Austenitic
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Piping & Tubing".
*AWS (CM CH-2), "Welding Inspector Responsibilities".
*AWS (B1.11), "Guide for the Visual Examination of Welds".
*ASME SEC.VIII, "Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels".
* ASME SEC.V, "Nondestructive Examination".
ِ
*DIN28011, "Torispherical Dished Ends"
* ANSI Z49.1, "Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes".
*ASTM A380," Standard Practice for Cleaning, Decaling, and
Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts".
*ASTM A967," Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation
Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts".
*ASTM D3359," Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by
Tape Test"

‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬-3-2

‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ‬1-3-2
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﲞﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ‬2-3-2

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻭ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ‬
‫ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬-1-3

‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭی ﳐﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ‬:(Operating Pressure )‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭی‬-

.‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ‬10 % ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬:( Design Pressure ِ
) ‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬-
‫)ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﱰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ( ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭی‬30 psi
.‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
Maximum Allowable Working )‫ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭی ﳎﺎﺯ‬-
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﱰﻳﻦ‬:(Pressure
.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬

‫ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬1/5 :(Hydrostatic Test Pressure )‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺗﺴﺖ‬-

‫ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﳎﺎﺯ ﮐﺎﺭی ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
 ‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﳎﺎﺯ ﮐﺎﺭی ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ( ﺍﻃﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﮐﻼﺳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﻮﺵ)‪:(Weld Joint Category‬‬

‫ﮐﻼﺳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ UW-3‬ﻭ ‪ASME SEC.VIII‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺒﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﻮﺵ) ‪ (Butt, Fillet, Lap Joint‬ﳕﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﳕﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺝ ۀ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺵ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ NDT‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻬﺒﻨﺪی‬
‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :A‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی‬ ‫‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ)‪ (Longitudinal Weld‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﳐﺰﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﯽ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺯﳍﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺵ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺳﯽ) ‪ (Circumferential‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ :B‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﳏﻴﻄﯽ )ﺑﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺵ‬
‫ﳏﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺳﯽ( ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ :C‬ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﺎی ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ :D‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﳏﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﻪ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪See UW-3(b‬‬

‫‪B‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪B‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪D‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪Formed Head other‬‬
‫‪than Hemispherical‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬

‫‪FIG. UW-3 Illustration of Weld Joint Loction Typical of Categories A, B, C, and D‬‬

‫‪(UW-12) Joint Efficiency -‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ E‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺟﻮﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ) ‪ (CJP‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﻗﻮﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ)ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﯽ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﱰﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺖ)‪(API RP 572‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﱰﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮچ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Lap joint‬ﭘﺮچ‬
‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺸﮑﻶﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺮچ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﱰﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪QC Plan‬‬

‫‪ ITP‬ﻳﺎ ‪ QCP‬ﻣﺪﺭﮐﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﱰﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻬﻬﺎی ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-3‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍژﻫﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪ASNT: American Society for Non-Destructive Testing‬‬
‫‪ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers‬‬
‫‪ASTM: American Society of Testing and Materials‬‬
‫‪DIN: Dutch's Institute for Nurmung‬‬
‫‪API: American Petroleum Institute‬‬
‫‪NDT: Non-Destructive Testing‬‬
‫‪OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration‬‬
‫‪ANSI: American National Standards Institute‬‬
‫‪ITP: Inspection Test Plan‬‬
‫‪QCP: Quality Control Plan‬‬
‫‪VT: Visual Examination‬‬
‫‪PWHT: Post Weld Heat Treatment‬‬
‫‪MAWP: Maximum Allowable Working Pressure‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -1-4‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﳒﺎﺋﻴﮑﻪ ﳏﻴﻂ ﮐﺎﺭی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﳏﻴﻄﻬﺎی ﮐﺎﺭی‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﳑﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩی ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮک‬
‫ﺍﻟﮑﱰﻳﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﲥﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﲨﻠﻪ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍء ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‪،‬‬
 ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺩ ﻭ ﲞﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻦ ﳑﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﳊﻈﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﯽ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﲨﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻴﻨﮏ ﻭ ﮐﻼﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎی ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎی ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ) ‪ (ANSI Z49.1‬ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳒﻤﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺁﻣﺮﻳﮑﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﳘﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﮑﺎ )‪ (OSHA‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-4‬ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻬﺎی‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻬﻬﺎی‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺍﺷﱰﺍک ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻫﺎی ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻔﺮﺩ ﳕﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﯽ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭی ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩی ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩی ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺸﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ) ‪ (Specification‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﳘﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﳘﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮐﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﳏﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﳐﺮﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﮐﻨﱰﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪ -3-4‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ )‪AWS (B1.11‬‬

‫ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﱰ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﮐﻮﻟﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺁﻣﭙﺮﻣﱰ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﻤﱰ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﮔﻴﺠﻬﺎی ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻳﺎ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ -5‬ﮔﻴﺠﻬﺎی ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻓﺎﻳﱪﺍﺳﮑﻮپ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺳﮑﻮپ‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺫﺭﻫﺒﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ -8‬ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﻗﻮﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪QCP -1-5‬‬
‫‪ QCP‬ﺳﻨﺪی ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮐﻠﯽ ۀ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻬﺮﻳﺰی ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻠﯽ ۀ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ً ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ) ‪ (1‬ﳕﻮ‪‬ﺎی‬
‫ﺍﺯ ‪ QCP‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-5‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺘﺂﻣﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﲞﺶ ‪ UG4‬ﻭ ‪ UG10‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﳎﺎﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺩﺭ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﳕﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASME SEC II Part A‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﳕﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ) ‪،(VT‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﮐﯽ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻴﻨﺎﻣﻬﻬﺎ ) ‪ (Certificate‬ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺪﺭک‬
‫‪ Mill Test‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ 10 %‬ﺍﺯ ﳏﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﳕﻮ‪‬ﻬﺎی‬
 ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﳕﺎﻳﺪ‪(UG-10).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﳕﻮ‪‬ﻬﺎی ﻳﮏ ﳏﻤﻮﻟﻪ) ‪ (Lot‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭی ﻳﺎ ﮐﻤﱰ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﳘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎی ﻓﻠﺰی ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﳕﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﳕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﳏﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫‪ Spec.‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎی ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﳕﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﳕﻮ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﯽ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﱰﻳﺎﳍﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍی‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎی ﮐﺮﺑﻨﯽ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎی ﺯﻧﮓ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﺰﻥ ) ‪ (Stainless Steel‬ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﺪﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ SA36‬ﻭ ‪ SA283‬ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎی ﻓﻮﻻﺩی ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ‪) Lethal‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﲰﯽ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻀﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪(UCS-6b) .‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎی ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‪ 6mm‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(Pressure vessel H.B Page 158‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺭﻕ)‪ (Lamination‬ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 6000‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ "‪ 2‬ﻭ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﱰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)‪(Pressure vessel H.B Page 157‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ANSI B16.5‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪):‬‬
‫‪(Pressure vessel H.B Page 157‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ Rating‬ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ 600Lb‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ‪ Raised face‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫"‪ 3‬ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ 600Lb Rating‬ﻭ ﻟﻮﳍﻬﺎی‬
‫‪ Raised face‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫"‪ 4‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ 600Lb Rating‬ﻭ ﻟﻮﳍﻬﺎی‬
‫‪ Ring Type Joint‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪Rating‬ﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺍﺯ ‪ 600Lb‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ‪Ring Type Joint‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-5‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﱰﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎی ﻗﻄﻌﻬﺰﻧﯽ‪،‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺪﻫﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﮑﺎﺭی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻫﱰﻳﻦ ﲞﺶ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ WPS‬ﻭ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )‪.(ASME SEC IX‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫‪WPS‬ﻫﺎی ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ )‪.(UW-26C‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﺮ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی‬
‫ﮐﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﯽ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(UW-37).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻟﺒﻬﺴﺎﺯی ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻘﺸﻬﻬﺎی‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪UW- UW-13.2 ,13.1،UW-16.1 ) ASME SEC. VIII‬‬
‫‪.(16.2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻼﲠﺎی ﳐﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﲥﺎ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ASME SEC‬‬
‫‪ IX‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )‪.(UW-29‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﮔﻠﻮﻳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﻧﺒﺸﯽ ) ‪ (Fillet‬ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 6mm‬ﻳﺎ ‪ 0.7 t min‬ﮐﻤﱰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(UW-16.1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ) ‪ (Reinforcement‬ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ ASME‬ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(UW-35‬‬
‫‪ Tapper‬ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺁﻥ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪3‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪. (UW-13.3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﮑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎی‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﱰ ﺍﺯ ‪ -18˚c‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﳎﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪ -18˚c‬ﻭ ‪ 0˚c‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻣﺎی ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎی ‪ 16˚c‬ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ )‪. (UW-30‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﳏﻮﻃﻬﻬﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺦ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﳏﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺑﻪ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪. (UW-30‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﮑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺣﺬﻑ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )‪.(UW-31‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﳏﻞ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺰﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﳏﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﲟﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻳﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ASME SEC. IX‬ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﮑﻪ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﳏﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺵ ‪-‬‬
‫‪ASME‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ SEC. IX‬ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺵ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪.(UW-31‬‬
‫� ﲤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺭی ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮﺣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(UW-32a‬‬
‫‪ Lap Joint‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﳘﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 4‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﮐﱰﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪(UW-9-e ).‬‬
‫‪ 38mm‬ﻭ ﮐﻤﱰ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟﺒﻬﻬﺎی ‪ Opening‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﱰﻳﺎﳍﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﱰ ﺍﺯ ‪ 13mm‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ B ،A‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫‪ C‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ UW-14d‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺵ ﳏﻴﻄﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ " ‪ 4‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﳏﻞ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﳏﻮﺭ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﲠﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﮕﺰﺍﮔﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺿﺨﻴﻤﱰﺍﺯ ﻳﮕﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ) ‪UW-‬‬
‫‪.(9-d‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪Opening‬ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺵ‬
‫‪ B‬ﻳﺎ ‪C‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ 3‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ Opening‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﯽ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪( UW-14b).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﱰﻳﺎﳍﺎی ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﳐﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ‬
‫ً ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪ Purge‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ) ‪AWS‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫‪.(D10.4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﱳ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﯽ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ)‪.(UCS-56f-3‬‬
‫‪P-NO.1‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻣﱰﻳﺎﳍﺎی‬
‫‪ Group NOs.1,2,3‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎی ‪93˚C‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪PN-NO-3‬‬ ‫ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻣﱰﻳﺎﳍﺎی‬
‫˚‪177‬‬‫‪P‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪ Group NO.1,2,3‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎی‬
‫‪P‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺩﻣﺎی ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ 232˚c‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) ‪UCS-‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪.(56f-4‬‬

‫‪ 4-5‬ﺗﻠﺮﺍﻧﺴﻬﺎی ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩی‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻠﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(Pressure Vessel Page160).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﲣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﺪﺳﻴﻬﺎ ) ‪،Ellipsoidal‬‬
‫‪ (Torispherical‬ﺩﺭ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ‪ rcrown‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 15 %‬ﻃﻮﻝ ‪rcrown‬‬
‫ِ ‪.(DIN‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ )‪28011‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﺗﺮﺍﺯی ﳏﻮﺭﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﮐﺰی)ﻋﺪﻡ ﳘﻤﺤﻮﺭی( ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺳﯽ ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﺪﺳﯽ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﱰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)‪.(UW-13.3‬‬

‫‪ 2‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﺮﺍﻧﺴﻬﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5-5‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ)‪(PWHT‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺸﮕﻴﺮی ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﲤﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﳐﺰﻥ‪،‬‬

‫ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎی ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﲤﺎﻡ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪(UW-40 e).‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﺩﺭ ﲞﺸﻬﺎی‬
‫‪ UCS-56, UW-2, UCS-68‬ﺍﺯ‪ASME SEC.IIIV‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻨﺸﺰﺩﺍﻳﯽ ﻣﯽ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﳎﺎﺯ ﳕﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻳﮑﻪ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﻨﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ)ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﳐﺰﻥ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ UCS-56‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-6-5‬ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎی ﻏﻴﺮ ﳐﺮﺏ )‪(ASME SEC. V‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﳐﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﻮﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ ) ‪ (Visual Inspection‬ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﯽ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﺑﻘﯽ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪ -1-6-5‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯی ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﺎی ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﳕﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪:MT‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﻣﮕﻨﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﳕﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪)PT‬ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪-‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻮﻳﻴﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻴﻮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ٌ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-6-5‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯی ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎی ﻏﻴﺮﳐﺮﺏ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺴﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻬﺒﻨﺪی ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﺻﻮﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺻﻮﺗﯽ )‪(UT‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻓﺮﺍﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی )‪(RT‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ‪ X‬ﻭ ﮔﺴﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﲰﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻭ ﳏﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪:Spot‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑ‪ 341.3.4‬ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪ ‪ ASME B31.3‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﺫﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﮕﺎﺭی ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
(‫)ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﭘﻨﺎﻟﺘﯽ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬

Start

all Spot or Random Tests

Accept Lot Yes No
Pass Examination Criteria.

Select Two Further Samples Test Two Additional Samples

of Same Item, for Each of the same Kind for each
No Defect, Retest by the Same No Defect(by Same Welder), Same
Method; are the all Type of Examination, are the all
Additional Items Acceptable? Additional Items Acceptable?

Yes
All Item in lot Shall be Yes
Fully Examined, Repaired Repair or Replace Detective
or Replaced as Necessary Item(s), Retest Item, and if
and Retested to Meet Acceptable, Accept All Item
Requirements of Code in Lot

Spot or Random Flow Chart

- ‫ﺎی ﻏﻴﺮ ﳐﺮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﺁﺯﻣﻮ‬

ASME SEC. V & VIII ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎی ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺁ‬
.‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

:‫ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ‬-7-5

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ‬.‫ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﳐﺰﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬Pneumatic & Hydrostatic ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ‬
:(UG-99) ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬

‫ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬-

‫ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎی ﳐﺮﺏ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﳐﺮﺏ‬-
‫( ﻭ ﺗﻨﺸﮕﻴﺮی‬PWHT)‫ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬-

- ‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬:‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭی ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
.‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‬

:‫ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ‬-1-7-5

.‫ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

 ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺠﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﮐﻨﱰﻝ ﳕﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭک‬
‫ﮐﺎﻟﻴﱪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ )‪(UW-102‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻧﺞ ﻳﺎ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ۀ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ً ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﯽ ﳕﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1/5‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﮐﻤﱰ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ‪UG-102‬‬
‫‪.(b‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﳕﻮﺩﻥ ‪ Vent‬ﻭ ‪ Drain‬ﺑﱰﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﱰﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﳕﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﲣﻠﻴﻪ ﳐﺰﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺗﺴﺖ )‪.(UG-99-4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﳎﺎﺯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﳐﺰﻥ)ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳕﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1/33‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﳕﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﮑﻪ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎی ﳏﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﱳ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﳎﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ )‪.(UG99-4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﲤﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی‬
‫ﳐﺰﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻨﱰﻝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ 1/3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭی ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ)‪(UG-99-b‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﳐﺎﺯﻥ ﺗﮏ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻸ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺧﻸ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﳕﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1/3‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﲤﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﮐﻤﱰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﱳ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪30‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(Pressure Vessel Handbook page 158).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻣﺎی ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﻤﱰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎی ﺗﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﳕﻮﺩ‪(Pressure Vessel Handbook):‬‬
‫‪1.3* Max. Allow. W. Press.*(Stress Value AT Test Temp. / Stress Value‬‬
‫‪AT Design Temp.‬‬

‫‪ -2-7-5‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ)‪:(Pneumatic Test‬‬

 ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﲜﺎی ﺗﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﳕﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ) ‪UG-‬‬
‫‪:(100a‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﳐﺰﻥ ﻃﻮﺭی ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺮ ﳕﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﮕﻴﺮی ﳕﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 17 ˚C‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻣﺎی ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻓﻠﺰ ﮐﻪ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﺩ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ)‪.(UG-100C‬‬
‫‪ 1/1‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -8-5‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﺷﻮﻳﯽ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻳﻴﻨﺴﺎﺯی‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮی ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﯽ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺑﻴﻬﺎی ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﻭ ﳘﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﳏﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ )ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺟﻨﺴﻬﺎی‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩی ﺿﺪﺯﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻧﻞ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ(‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﲤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮕﺰﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺸﮑﻞ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﭼﺮﺑﻴﺰﺩﺍﻳﯽ)‪(Degreasing‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻳﯽ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪(Acid Cleaning, Pickling‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﻨﺜﯽ)‪(Passivation‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﳐﺰﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﱰﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ TDS‬ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﳐﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍی ﮔﺮﻡ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﱰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﺷﻮﻳﯽ ﻭ‬
‫‪ASTM A380,‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﻴﻨﺴﺎﺯی ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎی‬
‫‪ A967‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -9-5‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ‪ ،‬ﳐﺰﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ) ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ(‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎی ﮐﺎﺭی( ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﻻﻳﻬﻬﺎی ﺭﻧﮓ) ‪Primer,‬‬
‫‪(Mid Coat, Top Coat‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﳊﺎﻅ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻬﻬﺎ‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻫﺴﺎﺯی ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮐﻠﯽ ۀ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﮑﺎﺭی ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺯﻭﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮐﻠﯽ ۀ ﳎﺮﺍﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻭﺭﻗﻬﺎی ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﯽ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﺩی ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ ‪ 4‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﺪی ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Sa1, Sa2, Sa2 1/2, Sa3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺯ ﲨﻠﻪ ‪) ASTM D3359‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﻄﺮﳒﯽ(‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﳕﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -10-5‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ‪‬ﺎﻳﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺭک ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Final Book‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﲪﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ﺫﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﲥﻴﻪ ﳕﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻘﺸﻬﻬﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﳘﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ) ‪As‬‬
‫‪(built‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲥﻴﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﳕﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭ ﺗﺴﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﲥﻴﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﳕﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‬

‫‪ -11-5‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻫﺴﺎﺯی ﺟﻬﺖ ﲪﻞ‬

‫� ﺧﺸﮏ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭ ﺗﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﻭ ﲤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺭی ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Opening -‬ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﳏﺎﻓﻆ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪Opening -‬ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺯﻭﻫﺎی ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﳑﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﻫﻬﺎی ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ Plug‬ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍی ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی ﺍﺯ ﲣﺮﻳﺐ ﺁ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻫﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺿﺪﺁﺏ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ﮐﻴﺴﻪ ﲪﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﴰﺎﺭﻩ ﳐﺰﻥ ﻭ ﴰﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﮐﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﳕﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﲪﻞ ﳐﺰﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﯽ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -12-5‬ﮔﺎﺭﺍﻧﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﲡﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ‪ Spec‬ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻣﱰﻳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺒﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﳍﺎی ﳔﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﯽ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -13-5‬ﺗﻌﻬﺪﺍﺕ)‪(UG-90,AWS CMW CH2‬‬

‫ﴰﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮی‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ)ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭ)ﺳﺎﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭ(‬ ‫ﺩﻩ(‬
‫‪ASME‬‬ ‫ی‬
‫‪SEC. VIII‬‬
‫‪Pressure‬‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪vessel H.B‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻬﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫√‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭک ‪QC‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Plan‬‬
‫ﲥﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪UW-18-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭک‬
‫√‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(a‬‬ ‫‪WPS,‬‬
‫‪PQR,WQT‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭی‬
‫ﳕﻮ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭ‬
‫)‪UW-28-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪(d‬‬ ‫ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ)‬
 ‫‪WPS‬‬
‫‪(,PQR‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺩ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫√‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺘﻢ ‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﳒﺎﻡ‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪UW-51-‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎی‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﳐﺮﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺁ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳒﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ‬
‫‪Pressure‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪vessel H.B‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﺎی ﺍﳒﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﲥﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭک‬
‫‪Shop‬‬
‫‪Pressure‬‬
‫√‬ ‫‪Drawing‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪vessel H.B‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍی‬
‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫‪Pressure‬‬ ‫ﲥﻴﻪ ‪Final‬‬
‫√‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪vessel H.B‬‬ ‫‪Book‬‬
‫‪Pressure‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺭﺍﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫‪vessel H.B‬‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬