IB Mathematics AI SL Questionbank - Functions

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IB MATHEMATICS AI SL - QUESTIONBANK
Topic 2 All - Functions

All Questions for Topic 2 (Functions). Linear Equations & Graphs, Applications of Functions, Properties of
Functions
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Question 1 CALCULATOR
[Maximum mark: 5] EASY
The amount of water, W , in litres, remaining in a cooking pot after it is placed onto a hot stove is given by the
function
Formula Booklet
W (t) = 40(0.75)t , t≥0

Mark Scheme
where t is the time in hours after the pot is placed on the stove.
Video (a)
(a) Find
Video (b)
(i) the initial amount of water in the pot.
(ii) the percentage of water that leaves the pot in the form of steam each hour. [3] Revisit
(b) Calculate the amount of water remaining in the pot after 5 hours. [2] Mark as complete
Check with RV Newton
The Burns, Gordons and Longstaff families make meal plans for their households. The table below shows the
amount of carbohydrate, fat and protein, all measured in grams, consumed by the family over a single day. The
Formula Booklet
table also shows the daily calories, measured in kcal, this equates to.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
Let x, y and z represent the amount of calories, in kcal, for 1 g of carbohydrate, fat and protein respectively.
(a) Write down a system of three linear equations in terms of x, y and z that represents the information in the
table above. [2]
(b) Find the values x, y and z . [2]
The Howe family also plans meals. The table below shows the amount of carbohydrates, fat and protein consumed
by the family over a single day.
(c) Calculate the daily calories for the Howe family. [2]
An ice cube was dropped into a cup of warm water. The weight of the ice cube, W , in grams, reduces as the ice cube
dissolves in the water. The weight can be modelled by the following function, W (t), where t is the time in seconds
Formula Booklet
after the dissolving starts.
Mark Scheme
W (t) = 28(0.98)t , t≥0
(a) Find Video (a)
(i) the initial weight of the ice cube. Video (b)
(ii) the percentage of the ice cube dissolving every 5 seconds. [3]
Revisit
(b) Calculate the weight of the ice cube remaining after one minute. [2]
Mark as complete
In an ecology experiment, a number of mosquitoes are placed in a container with water and vegetation. The
population of mosquitoes, P , increases and can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
P (t) = 24 × 40.385t , t ≥ 0,
Mark Scheme
where t is the time, in days, since the mosquitoes were places in the container.
Video (a)
(a) Find the number of mosquitoes:
(i) initially placed in the container; Video (b)
(ii) in the container after 5 days. [4]

Revisit
The maximum capacity of the container is 5000 mosquitoes.
Mark as complete
(b) Find the number of days until the container reaches its maximum capacity. [2]
After 1960, the economy growth in Australia has grown in an exponential fashion. Australian GDP per capita, G(t)
, in United States dollars (USD) is modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
G(t) = 1806 × (1.037)t ,

Mark Scheme
where t is the number of years since 1960, and t ≥ 0.

Video (a)
(a) Write down, in USD, Australian GDP per capita in 1960. [1]
Video (b)
(b) Find Australian GDP per capita in 1961. [1]
Video (c)
(c) Find the year for which Australian GDP per capita reaches 100 000 USD. Give your answer correct to the
nearest year. [4]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The sound intensity level, D, in decibels (dB), can be modelled by the function
D(I) = 10 log10 (I) + 120, I ≥ 0, Formula Booklet
where I is the sound intensity, in watts per square meter (W /m2 ). Mark Scheme
(a) A vacuum cleaner has a sound intensity of 1.6 × 10−5 W /m2 . Calculate the intensity level of the vacuum Video (a)
cleaner. [2]
Video (b)
(b) A fire truck siren has an intensity level of 124 dB. Find the sound intensity of the siren. [2]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The diagram below shows a straight line L1 which passes through A(0, −2) and B(8, 0).
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
(a) Write down the coordinates of the midpoint of line segment [AB]. [2] Mark as complete
Another line, L2 , intersects the y -axis at C(0, 3) and is parallel to L1 .

(b) Find the gradient of L2 . [2]
(c) Find the equation of L2 , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]
Oliver throws a coin from the open window onto flat horizontal ground in front of his office building.
Formula Booklet
The path of the coin is modelled by the quadratic curve y = 8 + 3x − 0.5x2 , where x represents the horizontal
distance the coin is thrown and y represents the height of the coin above the ground. All distances are measured in
Mark Scheme
metres. The wall of the building lies along the y -axis. The coin starts its flight at point A, reaches its maximum
height at point B, and lands on the ground at point C, as shown on the diagram below.
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the height in metres from which the coin was thrown. [1]
(b) Calculate the maximum height, above the ground, reached by the coin. [3]
(c) Find the horizontal distance from the base of the wall to the point at which the coin hits the ground. [2]
The average daily hours of sunlight, S , during a 12-month period in a particular town is given by the function
S(t) = a cos(bt − π) + d, Formula Booklet
where time, t, is measured in months, a and d are constants, and b is measured in degrees. Mark Scheme
The graph of S versus t is shown in the diagram below. Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the value of
(i) a;
(ii) d. [2]
(b) Find the value of b. [2]
(c) Write down the values of t when the average daily sunlight is 10 hours. [2]
A small town is planning the construction of a new road. The new road will pass through the point A(0, 5) and will
be perpendicular to the road connecting the points B(3, 0) and C(6, 6). This information is shown in the following
Formula Booklet
diagram.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
(a) Find the gradient of the line through points B and C. [2] Revisit
(b) Hence, state the gradient of the line through points A and D. [1] Mark as complete
(c) Find the equation of the line through A and D. Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]
(d) Point D lies on the x-axis. Find the coordinates of point D. [2]
A toy rocket is fired, from a platform, vertically into the air, its height above the ground after t seconds is given by
s(t) = at2 + bt + c, where a, b, c ∈ R and s(t) is measured in metres.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
After 2 second, the rocket is 28.3 m above the ground; after 4 seconds, 25.6 m; after 5 seconds, 14.7 m.
(a) (i) Write down a system of three linear equations in terms of a, b and c.
(ii) Hence find the values of a, b and c. [3]
(b) Find the height, above the ground, of the platform. [1]
(c) Find the time it takes for the rocket to hit the ground. [2]
A population of 50 hamsters was introduced to a new town. One month later, the number of hamsters was 62. The
number of hamsters, P , can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
P (t) = 50 × bt , t ≥ 0,
Mark Scheme
where t is the time, in months, since the hamsters were introduced to the town.
Video (a)
(a) Find the value of b. [2]
Video (b)
(b) Calculate the number of hamsters in the town after 6 months. [2]
Video (c)
A wildlife specialist estimates that the town has enough drink and food to support a maximum population of 2000
hamsters.
Revisit
(c) Calculate the number of months it takes for the hamster population to reach this maximum. [2]
Mark as complete
The average time, T , in seconds, it takes for a customer to find their favourite menu item in an alphabetical menu
list can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
3
T (n) = log2 (n + 1), n ≥ 1, Mark Scheme
2
where n is the number of different menu items in the list. Video (a)
Mehmet visits Taste of Adana Restaurant for the first time to have a lunch. Video (b)
(a) The restaurant serves 10 different fresh salads. Find the time it takes for Mehmet to find Persian Salad in the
Fresh Salads section of the menu list. [2] Revisit
(b) It takes 7.5 seconds for Mehmet to find Lamb Chops Kebab in the Adana Kebab section of the menu list. Find Mark as complete
the number of different kebab dishes served by the restaurant. [2]
An eagle is sitting in her nest and scanning the area for prey.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
The height, h, of the eagle above the ground, in metres, is modelled by the following quadratic function.
Revisit
h(t) = 1.8t2 − 8.7t + 14, t ≥ 0
Mark as complete
where t is the time in seconds after the eagle begins to move.
(a) Write down the height above the ground of the eagles nest. [1] Check with RV Newton
(b) The eagle sees a dormouse and swoops down to try and catch it, however, the dormouse runs away and the
eagle returns back to the nest.
(i) How high above the ground was the eagle when it turned around and went back to the nest?
(ii) How long does it take for the eagle to return back to the nest? [4]
1
The straight line, L1 , has the equation y = x − 5.
3
Formula Booklet
(a) Write down the y -intercept of L1 . [1]
Mark Scheme
(b) Write down the gradient of L1 . [1]
The line L2 is perpendicular to L1 and passes through the point A(2, 4). Video (a)
(c) Find the gradient of L2 . [1] Video (b)
(d) Find the equation of L2 , giving your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, Video (c)
where a, b, d ∈ Z. [3]
Video (d)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The equation of a line L1 is y = 0.5x + p. The point A(2, −1) lies on L1 .

Formula Booklet
(a) Find the value of p. [2]
A second line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 and intersects L1 at point A. Mark Scheme
(b) Find the gradient of L2 . [1] Video (a)
(c) Find the equation of L2 . Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2] Video (b)
(d) Write your answer to part (c) in the form ax + by + d = 0, where a, b, d ∈ Z. [1]
Video (c)
Video (d)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The orbital velocity, v , of a spacecraft in km/s is given by
v = −0.0098t + c ln R, Formula Booklet
where t is the firing time in seconds, c is the exhaust velocity in km/s and R is the mass ratio. Mark Scheme
If R = 30, find Video (a)
(a) The orbital velocity, v , after a firing time of 150 seconds and an exhaust velocity of 3 km/s. [2]
Video (b)
(b) The exhaust velocity, c, of the spacecraft traveling at an orbital velocity of 9.5 km/s after a firing time of 150
seconds. [3] Revisit
Mark as complete
In the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning models are trained using data sets. The time taken to
train a machine learning model is directly proportional to the size of the training data set. This is shown by the
Formula Booklet
following:
Mark Scheme
t∝x
Where t is training time in hours, and x is the size of the training data set in gigabytes. Video (a)
It is known that a certain machine learning model takes 15 hours to train using a data set of size 100 gigabytes. Video (b)
(a) Find an equation for t in terms of x. [2] Video (c)
(b) If a dataset of 250 gigabytes is used, determine the expected training time. [2]
Revisit
The larger the data set that is used for training, the more effective the machine learning model is deemed to be.
Mark as complete
A new and improved training model has been developed, so that a machine learning model can be trained in the
same amount of time as the previous model, using larger data sets. The equation for the new model is t = 0.1x.
(c) Given a training time of 20 hours, determine the difference in the size of the data sets between the first and
second machine learning models. [3]
The water depth, D, in metres, in a harbour on a particular day can be modelled by the equation
D = 2.5 cos (30°× t) + 5, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, Formula Booklet
where t is the elapsed time, in hours, since midnight. Mark Scheme
(a) Draw the graph of D versus t on the grid below. [2] Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(b) Find the lowest and highest depths of water in the harbour, and the times when they occur. [2]
(c) A large yacht has a draught of 3 metres. Decide whether the yacht will be able to enter the harbour at 5 pm. [2]
The water depth, D, in metres, in a harbour on a particular can be modelled by the equation
D = 3 sin (30°× t) + 5, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, Formula Booklet
where t is the elapsed time, in hours, since midnight. Mark Scheme
(a) Draw the graph of D versus t on the grid below. [2] Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(b) Find the lowest and highest depths of water in the harbour, and the times when they occur. [2]
(c) A large boat has a draught of 2.5 metres. Decide whether the boat will be able to enter the harbour at 8 pm. [2]
The size of the trunk diameter of a chestnut oak tree, d, in centimetres, can be modelled by the function
d(t) = 9 ln(0.25t), t ≥ 5, Formula Booklet
where t is the age, in years, of the tree. Mark Scheme
(a) Find the size of the trunk diameter of a 10-year-old chestnut oak tree. [2] Video (a)
(b) The size of the trunk diameter of a chestnut oak tree is 15 cm. Find its age. [2]
Video (b)
A chestnut oak tree can be harvested for wood when the size of its trunk diameter reaches 20 cm.
Video (c)
(c) Find the age of the chestnut oak tree when it is old enough to be harvested for timber. [2]
Revisit
Mark as complete
An owl takes off from from a tree branch and flies higher into the sky. Its height above the ground after t seconds,
where t ≥ 0, is given by s(t) = at3 + bt2 + ct + d, where a, b, c, d ∈ R and s(t) is measured in metres.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Initially the owl is 12 metres above the ground.
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the value of d. [1]
After 1 second, the owl is 19.8 m above the ground; after 2 seconds, 34.5 m; after 4 seconds, 22.8 m. Check with RV Newton
(b) (i) Write down a system of three linear equations in terms of a, b and c.
(ii) Hence find the values of a, b and c. [3]
After some time the owl reaches a maximum height. At this time it spots some prey at ground level and then
immediately swoops down to catch it.
(c) (i) Find the maximum height of the owl above the ground as it spots the prey.
(ii) Find the time it catches the prey. [2]
[Maximum mark: 6] MEDIUM
The diagram below shows the graph of a quadratic function f (x) = 2x2 + bx + c.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the value of c. [1]
(b) Find the value of b and write down f (x). [3]
(c) Calculate the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of f . [2]
The tip of a large wind turbine's blade rotates at a constant speed on a windy day. Its height, H , in metres, above
the ground is modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
H(t) = 52 sin (60°× t) + 80,

Mark Scheme
where t is the elapsed time, in seconds, since the turbine was accelerated to its max speed.
Video (a)
(a) Write down the minimum height of the blade's tip above the ground. [2]
Video (b)
(b) Find the height of the blade's tip above the ground after 8 seconds. [2]
Video (c)
(c) Find the time it takes for the blade's tip to complete one full revolution. [2]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The diagram shows the straight line L1 , which intersects the x-axis at A(−8, 0) and the y -axis at B(0, 4).
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
(a) Write down the coordinates of M, the midpoint of line segment [AB]. [2] Mark as complete
(b) Calculate the gradient of L1 . [2]

The line L2 is perpendicular to L1 and passes through the point P(1, 2).
(c) Find the equation of L2 . Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]
The magnitude of an earthquake, M , on the Richter scale, can be modelled by the function
2 Formula Booklet
M (E) = log10 (E) − 3.2,
3
Mark Scheme
where E is the amount of energy, in joules, released by the earthquake.
(a) Find the magnitude of an earthquake which releases 6.3 × 1013 joules of energy. [2] Video (a)
The Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960, the most powerful earthquake recorded in the 20th century, had a Video (b)
magnitude of 9.5 on the Richter scale.

Revisit
(b) Find the amount of energy, in joules, released by the Great Chilean Earthquake. [2]
Mark as complete
The equation of a line L1 is y − 3x + 5 = 0.

Formula Booklet
(a) For the line L1 , find:
(i) the x-intercept;
Mark Scheme
(ii) the gradient. [2]

Video (a)
A second line, L2 , intersects the y -axis at P(0, 2) and is parallel to L1 .
Video (b)
(b) Find the equation of L2 . Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [1]
Video (c)
A third line, L3 , passes through the point Q(3, 1) and is perpendicular to L1 .
Video (d)
(c) Find the gradient of the line L3 . [1]
(d) Find the equation of L3 , giving your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, Revisit
where a, b, d ∈ Z. [2]
Mark as complete
Atmospheric pressure, P , in kPa, decreases exponentially with increasing height above sea level, h. The
atmospheric pressure can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
−h
25
P (h) = 101 × ( ) , Mark Scheme
22
where h is the height above sea level in kilometres. Video (a)
(a) Write down the exact atmospheric pressure at sea level, in kPa. [1] Video (b)
Mount Kosciuszko is the highest mountain in Australia with a height of 2228 metres above sea level at the top. Video (c)
(b) Calculate the atmospheric pressure at the top of the Mount Kosciuszko. [2]
Revisit
(c) Calculate the height where the atmospheric pressure is equal to 10 kPa. [3]
Mark as complete
A Ferris wheel rotates at a constant rate in a clockwise direction. The height of a passenger car above the ground, h
metres, at time t minutes, can be modelled by
Formula Booklet
h(t) = a sin(bt) + c , where a, b, c ∈ R.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
When t = 0, the passenger car is 75 metres above the ground.
(a) State the value of c. [1]
The passenger car first reaches its maximum height of 135 metres when t = 6.
(b) Find the value of
(i) a.
(ii) b. [3]
A ride on the Ferris wheel consists of two full rotations.
(c) Calculate the length of a ride on the Ferris wheel. [2]
The graph below shows the amount of money M (in thousands of dollars), in the account of a contractor, where t is
the time in months since he opened the account.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
(a) Write down one characteristic of the graph which suggests that a cubic function might be an appropriate model
for the amount of money in the account. [1] Revisit
The equation of the model can be expressed as M (t) = at3 + bt2 + ct + d, where a, b, c and d ∈ R. It is given that Mark as complete
the graph of the model passes through the following points.
(b) (i) State the value of d.
(ii) Using the values in the table, write down three equations in a, b, and c.
(iii) By solving the system of equations from part (ii), find the values of a, b and c. [4]
If M has a negative value, the contractor is in debt.
(c) Use the model from part (b) to find the number of months the contractor expects to be in debt. Give your
answer to the nearest month. [3]
The total cost of a gym membership, C , in Australian dollars (AUD), in John's Gym can be modelled by the
function
Formula Booklet
C = 65t + 30,
Mark Scheme
where t is the time in months.

Video (a)
(a) Calculate the gym membership cost over a 6 month duration. [1]
Video (b)
(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of the function C = 65t + 30, for t ≥ 0. [2]
Video (c)
Video (d)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(c) Calculate the time, t, in months, when the total cost reach 290 AUD. [1]
In the neighbouring Jetts Gym, the initial payment is $75 higher than in John's Gym, however the monthly fee is
lower at $30 per month.
(d) Find the number of months it takes for the total cost to be less by attending Jetts Gym in comparison to John's
Gym. [2]
The subscription fee for an online project management software by AB-Tech is $40 per month. If the customer buys
for a whole year in advance, a discount of $130 is applied.
Formula Booklet
This can be modelled by the following function, P (n), which gives the total cost when paying annually for the
Mark Scheme
subscription.
P (n) = 40n − 130, n ≥ 12 Video (a)
where n is the number months. Video (b)
(a) Find the total cost of buying a subscription for 2 years. [2] Video (c)
(b) Find P −1 (1790). [2]

Revisit
The subscription price for a different online project management tool by YZ-tech is $35 per month, however
customers can only purchase annually in advance, and there are no discounts. The total subscription cost of YZ- Mark as complete
tech's software is less than AB-tech's software when n > k .
(c) Find the minimum value of k . [3] Check with RV Newton
The coordinates of point K are (−2, −3) and the coordinates of point N are (8, 6). M is the midpoint of [KN].
Formula Booklet
(a) Find the coordinates of M. [2]
L1 is the line which passes through K and N. Mark Scheme
A new line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 and passes through M. Video (b)
(c) (i) Write down the gradient of L2 .

Video (c)
(ii) Write down the equation of L2 in the form y = mx + c. [3]

Revisit
Mark as complete
Jasper owns a business and has 7 employees. He can assign any number of employees to a task. The time the task
takes varies inversely with the number of employees who are assigned to it. This is shown by the following:
Formula Booklet
1
t∝ Mark Scheme
x
Where t is time a task takes in hours, and x is the number of employees assigned to the task. Video (a)
If one employee is assigned to a task, it will take 8 hours to complete the task. Video (b)
(a) Find an equation for t in terms of x. [2]

Video (c)
Jasper has a task that must be completed within three hours.

Revisit
(b) (i) Determine the minimum number of employees that should be assigned to the task to ensure it is completed
within three hours. Mark as complete
(ii) State the total amount of time the task will take. Give your answer to the nearest minute. [3]
If a task does not take a whole number of hours, Jasper must round \textbf{up} to the nearest whole hour to pay
his employees.
(c) Determine the optimal number of employees Jasper should assign to ensure the task is complete within three
hours, while minimising the number of hours of work he needs to pay for. [3]
Tom has a model train set, which includes a tunnel that the model train must pass through. The entrance of the
tunnel is in the shape of the parabola h(x) = −0.6x2 + 3.12x, where h is the height of the tunnel in centimetres, and
Formula Booklet
x is the horizontal distance from the bottom left corner of the tunnel entrance at (0, 0), also in centimetres.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the parabola that models the tunnel entrance. [2]
Tom is considering purchasing a new carriage for his model train. The carriage is in the shape of a cuboid with a
height of 3.5 cm and a width of 2 cm.
(b) Determine whether the carriage will fit through the tunnel entrance. [3]
The coordinates of point P are (−4, 6) and the coordinates of point Q are (5, 1). M is the midpoint of [PQ].
Formula Booklet
(a) Find the coordinates of M. [2]
L1 is the line which passes through P and Q. Mark Scheme
A new line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 and passes through M. Video (b)
(c) (i) Write down the gradient of L2 .

Video (c)
(ii) Write down the equation of L2 in the form y = mx + c. [3]

Revisit
Mark as complete
The cross-section of a ship's hull below the surface of the ocean can be modelled by a parabola. The depth of the
boat's hull, d metres, is given by d(x) = 0.5x2 − 6.4x, where x is the horizontal distance from the left-hand side of
Formula Booklet
the hull at the surface, also in metres, as shown in the following diagram. The x-axis represents the ocean surface.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the parabola that models the hull of the ship. [2]
The ship has a horizontal storage deck at a depth of 10 metres, with a ceiling at surface level. The storage deck is
used to transport containers in the shape of cuboids.
(b) Determine the maximum width of a container that the ship can transport on the storage deck, given that the
container is 10 metres high. Give your answer to the nearest metre. [3]
The total cost of a ride, C , in British pounds (GBP), on BlackCabs can be modelled by the function
C = 1.75x + 3.00, Formula Booklet
where x is the distance travelled in kilometres. Mark Scheme
(a) Calculate the total cost of an 8 kilometre ride in a BlackCab. [1] Video (a)
(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of the function C = 1.75x + 3.00, for x ≥ 0. [2]
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(c) Calculate the distance travelled, x, in kilometres, when the total cost of a ride reach 45 GBP. [1]
The starting fare of MiniCabs is 2.00 GBP higher than of BlackCabs, however the ride fare is lower at 1.40 GBP per
kilometre travelled.
(d) Find the least number of whole kilometres required to travel for the total cost to be less on a MiniCab ride in
comparison to a BlackCab ride. [2]
Two identical water waves pass a sensor in an oceanography laboratory. As the waves pass the sensor, the depth, D
, in metres, of water is recorded and modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
D(t) = 3.21 − 0.45 cos (24.2°× t)

Mark Scheme
where t is the elapsed time, in seconds, since the first wave hit the sensor.
Video (a)
(a) Find the minimum and maximum depths of the water as the two waves pass the sensor. [3]
Video (b)
(b) Find the first time after 16 seconds at which the depth of water reaches 3.5 m. [3]
Revisit
Mark as complete
Coral is a wildlife expert who tags flying fish and records their movement using an electronic device.
Formula Booklet
The tagging device tells her the height of a fish relative to the water level, at any given time.
She knows that the fish swim mostly in the water, but occasionally they fly (jump!) out of the water. Mark Scheme
The height is measured in metres and the time in seconds. If the height is negative the fish is under the water, if the Video (a)
height is positive the fish is flying.
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
Coral notices one particular fish as it flies out of the water. The moment it re-enters the water the device begins
tracking its height.
At 2 seconds the fish is at a height of −2.8 m; at 5 seconds the fish is at a height of −2 m and at 11 seconds the fish
is also at a height of −2 m.
The height of the fish can be expressed as H(t) = at3 + bt2 + ct + d, where a, b, c and d ∈ R.
(a) (i) Write down the value of d.
(ii) Using the information given write down three equations involving a, b and c.
(iii) Solve the system of equations to find the values of a, b and c. [4]
From previous research, Coral knows that if a fish is flying for more than 1 second then a seagull will attempt to
catch it.
(b) Use a justification to explain why a seagull will attempt to catch this fish. [4]
At t = 9 s a seagull begins swooping down to catch the fish.
Its height is given by b(t) = −1.5t2 + 27t − 118.
(c) (i) Find the height at which the bird catches the fish.
(ii) Interpret the answer in the context of the problem. [4]
Consider the quadratic function f (x) = ax2 + bx + c. The graph of y = f (x) is shown in the diagram below. The
vertex of the graph has coordinates R(m, −9).
Formula Booklet
The graph intersects the x-axis at two points; P(−4, 0) and Q(2, 0).
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the value of m. [1]
(b) Find the values of a, b, and c. [5]
(c) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph. [1]
Certain content on the internet can become viral when the content spreads exponentially. The spread of content
published by a specific content creator can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
N (t) = 145 × 1.25t ,

Mark Scheme
where N is the number of people reached by the content, and t is the number of hours since the content's
publication. Video (a)
(a) Write down the number of people reached immediately after the content's publication. [1] Video (b)
(b) Calculate the number of hours it takes for the content to reach 100 000 people. [2] Video (c)
(c) Calculate the number of people reached after 80 hours. [2] Video (d)
Approximately 5 billion people in the world are now connected to the internet.
Revisit
(d) Explain why the model starts to become unrealistic after about 3 days. [1]
Mark as complete
The graph below shows the profit P (in thousands of dollars), that business A makes, where t is the time in months
since January 1st.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
(a) Write down one characteristic of the graph which suggests that a cubic function might be an appropriate model Video (c)
for the business profit. [1]
Video (d)
The model can be expressed as P (t) = at3
+ bt2 + ct + d, where a, b, c and d ∈ R. It is given that the graph of the
model passes through the following points.
Revisit
Mark as complete
(b) (i) State the value of d.
(ii) Using the values in the table, write down three equations in a, b, and c.
(iii) By solving the system of equations from part (ii), find the values of a, b and c. [4]
If P has a negative value, business A is losing money. The owner has decided they will not open during the
corresponding time next year.
(c) Use the model from part (b) to find the approximate dates during which business A will not open next year. [4]
Business B has a profit function given by P (t) = −0.1t2 + 1.2t, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 12.
(d) Determine the total amount of time for which business B is more profitable than business A. [3]
The amount of fuel in a car's tank, V , in litres, can be modelled by a linear function, V = mx + c, where x is the
distance driven measured in kilometres.
Formula Booklet
After driving 100 km, the amount of fuel in the tank is 33 litres.
Mark Scheme
(a) Write down an equation that describes this information. [1]

Video (a)
After driving 250 km, the amount of fuel in the tank is 22.5 litres.
Video (b)
(b) Write down an equation that describes this second piece of information. [1]
Video (c)
(c) Calculate the amount of fuel in the tank after driving 50 km. [4]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The water depth, D, in metres, in a boating marina on a particular day can be modelled by the function
D(t) = 4 sin (30°× t) + 12.5, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
where t is the elapsed time, in hours, since midnight.
(a) Write down the depth of water at midnight. [1] Video (a)
(b) The cycle of water depths repeats every T hours. Find the value of T. [2] Video (b)
(c) (i) Write down the minimum and maximum depths of water during the day. Video (c)
(ii) Find the times at which the minimum and maximum depths of water occur during the day. [4]
Video (d)
(d) Draw the graph of D versus t on the grid below. [3]

Video (e)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(e) A ship with 8 m draught is allowed to enter the marina if the depth of water is greater than 10 m. Find the time
interval before midday, in hours and minutes, during which the ship is not allowed to enter the marina. [4]
The number of French words, N , that are remembered by students after the completion of a French language
course decreases exponentially over time. This data can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
−t
N (t) = a × b + 450,
Mark Scheme
where a and b are positive constants, and t is the time in years since a student completed the French language
course. Video (a)
Immediately after completion, a student remembers 4200 French words. Video (b)
(a) Find the value of a. [2] Video (c)
After 4 years a student remembers only 1600 French words.

Revisit
Mark as complete
The number of French words a student remembers never decreases below a certain number of words, n.
(c) Write down the value of n. [1] Check with RV Newton
Mehmet organises a graduation party on a boat in the Strait of Istanbul for his peers from college. The cost to rent
a large boat for the evening is 5000 Turkish liras (TRY) and the cost to hire a DJ is 1500 TRY. The cost for food
Formula Booklet
and drinks is estimated to be 125 TRY per person.
Mark Scheme
(a) Find an expression for the total cost, y TRY, of the evening in terms of the number of peers, x, attending the
party. [2]
Video (a)
(b) Find the total cost of the evening if 40 peers attend the party. [2]
Video (b)
(c) Given that Mehmet decides to collect 250 TRY from each peer attending the party, find the least number of
peers he has to invite to be able to cover the total cost of the evening. [2] Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The equation of a line L1 is 2x + 3y = −5.

Formula Booklet
(a) Find the gradient of L1 . [1]
A second line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 . Mark Scheme
The point P(4, 0) lies on L2 . Video (b)
(c) Find the equation of L2 , giving your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where a, b, d ∈ Z. [2]
Video (c)
The point Q is the intersection of L1 and L2 .

Video (d)
(d) Find the coordinates of Q. [2]

Revisit
Mark as complete
The coordinates of point A are (−1, −7) and the coordinates of point B are (5, 2). L1 is the line which passes
through A and B.
Formula Booklet
(a) Find the equation of L1 . [3]

Mark Scheme
Point M is the midpoint of [AB]. The line L2 is perpendicular to L1 and passes through M.
Video (a)
(b) Find the equation of L2 . [3]
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The water depth, D, in metres, at the entrance of a boating harbour can be modelled by the function
D(t) = 4.5 cos (30°× t + 90°) + 15, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
where t is the elapsed time, in hours, since midnight.
(a) Write down the depth of water at midnight. [1] Video (a)
(b) The cycle of water depths repeats every T hours. Find the value of T. [2] Video (b)
(c) (i) Write down the minimum and maximum depths of water during the day. Video (c)
(ii) Find the times at which the minimum and maximum depths of water occur during the day. [4]
Video (d)
(d) Draw the graph of D versus t on the grid below. [3]

Video (e)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(e) A ship with 10 m draught is allowed to enter the harbour if the depth of water is greater than 12 m. Find the
time interval after midday, in hours and minutes, during which the ship is not allowed to enter the harbour. [4]
Two carpet cleaning companies have different pricing structures. CarpetShine charges 1.80 AUD per square metre,
plus an upfront scheduling fee of 50 AUD. CleanMaster has no scheduling a service fee, but the rate is 2.50 AUD
Formula Booklet
per square metre. Let C1 (x) and C2 (x) be the costs, in AUD, of cleaning x square metres of carpet area by
CarpetShine and CleanMaster respectively. Mark Scheme
(a) Write down expressions for the costs, C1 and C2 , of cleaning x square metres of carpet area. [2]
Video (a)
(b) Find the least number of whole square metres of carpet area cleaned by CarpetShine for its services to be a
cheaper option. [3] Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The mass of a radioactive sample is given by

t Formula Booklet
1 300
M (t) = P + Q ( ) , t ≥ 0 days.
2
Mark Scheme
where t is the number of days after the sample was collected and measured.
Video (a)
The initial weight of the sample is 20 g. When each atom emits its α-particle, the mass of the atom is reduced by
3.2%. Video (b)
(a) (i) Explain why P is the final mass of the sample after every atom in the sample has emitted its α-particle. Video (c)
(ii) Hence, find the value of P, leaving your answer correct to two decimal places. [2]
Revisit
(b) Find the value of Q. [2]
Mark as complete
(c) Estimate the mass of the sample after 2.5 years (assume no leap years). [2]
An oil tank at a mine site was at full capacity before the tank incurred a puncture in the base and the oil start to
leak out. A site engineer used the following function, L(t), to model the percentage of oil remaining in the tank
Formula Booklet
L(t) = 100e−kt , t ≥ 0,
Mark Scheme
where t is the number of days after the puncture occurred.

Video (a)
The engineer found that after one day, 30% of the oil originally in the tank had leaked out.
Video (b)
(a) Find the value of k . [2]
Video (c)
(b) Use this model to find the percentage of oil remaining in the tank after 30 hours. [2]
Based on the model, the engineer makes the claim that the tank will always have some oil in it and never Revisit
completely empty.
Mark as complete
(c) State a mathematical reason supporting the engineers claim. [2]
Two IT consulting firms have different pricing structures. TechMind charges $115 per hour, plus an upfront fee of
$250 for booking an appointment. RiddleBreak doesn't charge for booking an appointment, but the rate is $160 per
Formula Booklet
hour. Let C1 (t) and C2 (t) be the costs, in dollars, of consulting t hours by TechMind and RiddleBreak respectively.
Mark Scheme
(a) Write down expressions for the costs of consulting, C1 and C2 , in terms of the number of hours, t, charged. [2]
(b) Find the least number of whole hours of consulting from TechMind for its services to be a cheaper option. [3] Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The coordinates of point A are (6, −3) and the coordinates of point B are (−2, −1). L1 is the line which passes
through A and B.
Formula Booklet
(a) Find the equation of L1 . [3]

Mark Scheme
Point M is the midpoint of [AB]. The line L2 is perpendicular to L1 and passes through M.
Video (a)
(b) Find the equation of L2 . [3]
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The dietary reference intake (DRI, in grams), y , of protein for a sedentary male adult of mass x kg is determined by
the equation y = mx + c, where m and c are constants.
Formula Booklet
For a male adult of mass 60 kg the DRI of protein is 69 grams, and for a male adult of mass 90 kg the DRI of protein
Mark Scheme
is 91.5 grams.
(a) Determine the value of m and the value of c. [3] Video (a)
(b) Find the DRI of protein for a male adult of mass 70 kg. [2] Video (b)
(c) Suggest a reason why the equation may not be appropriate for determining the DRI of protein for a male child Video (c)
of mass 40 kg. [2]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The graph of a quadratic function has a y -intercept at A(0, 24) and one of its x-intercepts is B(2, 0).
Formula Booklet
The x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph is 4.
The equation of the quadratic function is in the form y = ax2 + bx + c. Mark Scheme
(a) Write down the value of c. [1] Video (a)
(b) Find the value of a and the value of b. [4] Video (b)
(c) Write down the coordinates of the second x-intercept of the function. [1]
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The circumference, C , of a given circle can be represented by the function

Formula Booklet
A
C(A) = 2π , A ≥ 0,
π
Mark Scheme
where A is the area of the circle.

Video (a)
The graph of the function C , for 0 ≤ A ≤ 24, is shown below.
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the value of C(24). [1]
(b) On the grid above, draw the graph of the inverse function, C −1 . [3]
(c) In the context of the question, explain the meaning of C −1 (2π) = π . [1]
The following table shows the total revenue, y , in Australian dollars (AUD), obtained daily during the first week of
January 2020, by Peppy's Pizza restaurant and the number of guests, x, served.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
(a) (i) Calculate the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, r, for this data. Video (b)
(ii) Hence comment on the result. [4] Video (c)
(b) Write down the equation of the regression line y on x. [2] Video (d)
(c) Use the line of the regression to estimate the revenue of serving Video (e)
70 guests. Give your answer correct to the nearest AUD. [3]
Daily maintenance cost for the restaurant is 240 AUD. Additionally, the cost of serving one guest is 5 AUD. Revisit
(d) Determine if the restaurant makes a profit when serving 45 guests on a particular day. [2] Mark as complete
(e) (i) Write down an expression for the total revenue of serving x guests.
(ii) Find an expression for the profit of the restaurant when serving x guests on a particular day.
(iii) Find the least number of guests required to be served to result in a profit for the day. [5]
The following table shows the total revenue, y , in US dollars (USD), obtained monthly during the first six months
of 2020, by Law Office of Fox Brothers and the number of clients, x, served.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
(a) (i) Calculate the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, r, for this data. Video (b)
(ii) Hence comment on the result. [4] Video (c)
(b) Write down the equation of the regression line y on x. [2] Video (d)
(c) Use the line of the regression to estimate the revenue of serving Video (e)
20 clients. Give your answer correct to the nearest USD. [3]
Monthly operating cost for the law office is $2500. Additionally, the cost of serving each client is $200. Revisit
(d) Determine if the law office makes a profit when serving 6 clients on a particular month. [2] Mark as complete
(e) (i) Write down an expression for the total revenue of serving x clients.
(ii) Find an expression for the profit of the law office when serving x clients on a particular month.
(iii) Find the least number of clients required to be served to result in a profit for the month. [5]
The radius of a cylindrical container with height x cm is

56 Formula Booklet
r(x) = , 4 ≤ x ≤ 16
x
Mark Scheme
(a) Find the range of r. [3]
Video (a)
The function r−1 is the inverse function of r.
Video (b)
(b) (i) Find r−1 (8).
(ii) Interpret the answer to part (b) (i) in context. Revisit
(iii) Find the range of r−1 . [4]

Mark as complete
The data below shows the price, y , in Kazakhstani tenge (KZT), that each bag of wheat flour can be purchased for
at a wholesale market in Almaty if x bags are ordered.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
(a) Find an expression for the price, y KZT, of each bag purchased in terms of the number of bags, x, ordered. [2] Video (b)
(b) Hence find the exact total cost of purchasing 250 bags of wheat flour. [3]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The diagram below shows the straight lines L1 and L2 .

Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find:
(i) the gradient of L1 ;
(ii) the equation of L1 , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c. [3]
The equation of L2 is x − 2y = 0.
(b) Find the area of the shaded triangle. [3]
The average gasoline price, P , in cents per gallon, in USA 2019 can be modelled by the function
P (t) = a cos (15°× t + 90°) + b, 0 ≤ t ≤ 365, Formula Booklet
where t is the elapsed time, in days, since New Year's Eve 2018. Mark Scheme
Part of the graph of y = P (t) is shown below. Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the value of b. [1]
The average price of gasoline on the 14th of January, 2019 was 328 cents per gallon.
(b) Show that the value of a is equal to 56. [2]
(c) Hence calculate:
(i) the average gasoline price on the 14th of February, 2019;
(ii) the minimum and maximum average prices of gasoline in USA 2019. [3]
The cycle of average gasoline prices repeats every T days.
(d) Determine the value of T. [2]
The perimeter, P , of a given rectangle can be represented by the function

Formula Booklet
A
P (A) = 6 , A ≥ 0,
2
Mark Scheme
where A is the area of the rectangle.

Video (a)
The graph of the function P , for 0 ≤ A ≤ 24, is shown below.
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the value of P (24). [1]
(b) On the grid above, draw the graph of the inverse function, P −1 . [3]
(c) In the context of the question, explain the meaning of P −1 (12) = 8. [1]
Part of the graph of y = f (x) is shown below. The point A(3, 4) lies on the graph.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the value of f (3). [1]
The tangent line L to the graph of y = f (x) at point A has equation y = 3x − 5.
(b) Find the equation of the normal line N to the graph of y = f (x) at point A. Give your answer in the form ax +
by + d = 0, where a, b, d ∈ Z. [3]
(c) Draw the lines L and N on the same grid above, labelling the intercepts with the axes. [3]
The number of users on a new social network in 2018 was 320 000. One year later, in 2019, the number of users on
this network is estimated to be 350 000. The number of the users on this network, N , can be modelled by the
Formula Booklet
function
Mark Scheme
N (t) = 320 000 × bt , t ≥ 0,
where t is the number of years since 2018 and b is a constant. Video (a)
(a) Find the value of b. [2] Video (b)
(b) Estimate the number of the users on this network there will be in 2023. [2] Video (c)
(c) Forecast the year for which the number of the social network users reaches one million. Give your answer
Revisit
correct to the nearest year. [2]
Mark as complete
A cannon-ball is fired from the top of a tower. The height, h, in metres, of the cannon-ball above the ground is
modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
h(t) = −2t2 + 20t + 8, t ≥ 0,

Mark Scheme
where t is the time, in seconds, since the moment the cannon-ball was fired.
Video (a)
(a) Write down the height of the tower. [1]
Video (b)
(b) Calculate the height of the cannon-ball 5 seconds after it was fired. [2]
Video (c)
The cannon-ball hits its target on the ground n seconds after it was fired.
Video (d)
(c) Find the value of n. [2]
Video (e)
(d) Find h′ (t). [2]
Video (f)
(e) Calculate the maximum height reached by the cannon-ball, and write down the corresponding time t. [3]
(f) Determine the total time the cannon ball was above the height of the tower. [3] Revisit
Mark as complete
The area, A, of a given square can be represented by the function
P2 Formula Booklet
A(P ) = , P ≥ 0,
16
Mark Scheme
where P is the perimeter of the square.
Video (a)
The graph of the function A, for 0 ≤ P ≤ 20, is shown below.
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Find the value of A(20). [1]
(b) On the grid above, draw the graph of the inverse function, A−1 . [3]
(c) In the context of the question, explain the meaning of A−1 (4) = 8. [1]
The average petrol price, P , in cents per litre, in Australia 2019 can be modelled by the function
P (t) = a sin (10°× t) + b, 0 ≤ t ≤ 365, Formula Booklet
where t is the elapsed time, in days, since New Year's Eve 2018. Mark Scheme
Part of the graph of y = P (t) is shown below. Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the value of b. [1]
The average price of petrol on the 21st of January, 2019 was 139 cents per litre.
(b) Show the value of a is equal to 12. [2]
(c) Hence calculate:
(i) the average petrol price on the 10th of February, 2019;
(ii) the minimum and maximum average prices of petrol in Australia 2019. [3]
The cycle of average petrol prices repeats every T days.
(d) Determine the value of T. [2]
Sarah's investment portfolio, V (t), in Australian dollars (AUD), is modelled by the function
t Formula Booklet
V (t) = 64 000 × (1 + ) , t ≥ 0,
k
100
Mark Scheme
where t is the number of years since 2019 and k is a constant.
Video (a)
(a) Find an expression for the value of the investment portfolio in 2020. Give your answer in the form a + bk , where
a, b ∈ Z+ . [2] Video (b)
Three years later, in 2022, the value of the investment portfolio is expected to be 74 088 AUD. Video (c)
(b) Find the value of k . [2]

Revisit
This model is defined for 0 ≤ t ≤ n. At n years, the value of the investment portfolio would have doubled since 2019
. Mark as complete
(c) Find the value of n. [2]

A healthcare company is designing a new deodorant stick that can be modelled by the shape of a parabola as the
top, vertical lines as the sides and a horizontal line as the base, on the x-axis. The parabola has end points at (0, 7)
Formula Booklet
and (5, 7), and vertex at (2.5, 8).
Mark Scheme
This design is shown in the diagram below. All distances are measured in centimetres.
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The quadratic curve can be expressed in the form y = ax2 + bx + c for 0 ≤ x ≤ 5.
(a) (i) Find the value of c.
(ii) Using the points (2.5, 8) and (5, 7), write two equations in a and b.
(iii) Hence, find the equation of the quadratic curve. [5]
(b) Find the area of the shaded region in the deodorant design. [3]
Bruce goes into a car dealership to purchase a new vehicle. The one he wants to buy costs $16 000, however he
doesn't have that much money in his bank. The salesman offers him a financing option of a 30 % deposit followed
Formula Booklet
by 12 monthly payments of $1150.
Mark Scheme
(a) Find the amount of the deposit. [1]
(b) Calculate the total cost of the loan under this financing option. [2] Video (a)
Bruce's father generously offers him an interest free loan of $16 000 to buy the car to avoid the expensive loan Video (b)
repayments. They agree that Bruce will repay the loan by paying his father $x in the first month and $y every
following month until the $16 000 is repaid. Video (c)
The total amount Bruce's father receives after 12 months is $5200. This can be expressed by the equation x + Video (d)
11y = 5200. The total amount that Bruce's father receives after 24 months is $10 600.
Video (e)
(c) Write down a second equation involving x and y . [1]
Video (f)
(d) Determine the value of x and the value of y . [2]
(e) Calculate the number of months it will take Bruce's father to receive Revisit
the $16 000. [3]

Mark as complete
Bruce decides to buy a cheaper car for $12 000 and invest the remaining $4000. He is considering two investment
options over four years.
Option A: Compound interest at an annual rate of 6.5 %.
Option B: Compound interest at a nominal annual rate of 6 %, compounded monthly.
Express each answer in part (f) to the nearest dollar.
(f) Calculate the value of each investment option after four years.
(i) Option A.
(ii) Option B. [5]
12
A function is defined by g(x) = 3 − for −9 ≤ x ≤ 9, x 
= −3
x+3
Formula Booklet
(a) Find the range of g . [3]
Mark Scheme
(b) Find the value of g −1 (0). [2]
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The graph shows the curve of a quadratic function of the form f (x) = ax2 + bx + 90.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete

(a) Write down the equation for the axis of symmetry of the curve. [2]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(c) Find the y -coordinate of the vertex of the curve. [1]
x+1
A function is defined by f (x) = , for the domain −1 ≤ x ≤ 5, x 
=2
x2 − 4
Formula Booklet
(a) Find the range of f . [4]
Mark Scheme
(b) Find the value of f −1 ( 2 ). [2]
5
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The diagram below shows the triangle ABC. The point C has coordinates (9, 5) and the equation of the line (AB) is
x + 4y = 12.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Video (e)
(a) Find the coordinates of:
Video (f)
(i) A;
Revisit
(ii) B. [2]
(b) Show that the length of [AB] is 12.4 correct to three significant figures. [2] Mark as complete
The point D lies on the line (AB). The line (CD) is perpendicular to the line (AB).
(c) Find:
(i) the gradient of (CD);
(ii) the equation of (CD). [5]
(d) Find the coordinates of D. [3]
(e) Calculate the length of [CD] correct to three significant figures. [2]
(f) Calculate the area of triangle ABC. [3]
A function is defined by f (x) = x + 5, x ≥ −5

Formula Booklet
(a) Determine the domain and range of f . [3]
(b) Find the value of f −1 ( 6). [2] Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
A farmer is going to fence two equal adjacent parcels of land. These parcels share one side (which also requires
fencing) as shown in the following diagram. The farmer has only 80 metres of fence.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the equation for the total length of the fence, 80 m, in terms of x and y . [1]
(b) Write down the total area of both parcels of land in terms of x. [2]
(c) Find the maximum area, in m2 , of one parcel of land. [3]
The downward speed, V , in metres per second, gained by a skydiver during a jump is modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
V (t) = 56 − 56 × 3− 4 , t ≥ 0,
t
Mark Scheme
where t, in seconds, is the time for which the skydiver is free falling in the air.
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Write down the downward speed of the skydiver at t = 0. [1]
The line L is the horizontal asymptote to the graph.
(b) Determine the equation of L. [2]
The skydiver starts to feel no acceleration when he reaches the speed of 55 metres per second.
(c) Find the time it takes for the skydiver to reach this speed. Give your answer correct to the nearest second. [3]
A population of goldfish decreases exponentially. The size of the population, P , after t days is modelled by the
function
Formula Booklet
P (t) = 8000 × 2−t + 100, t ≥ 0.

Mark Scheme
(a) Write down the exact size of the initial population. [1]
Video (a)
(b) Find the size of the population after 5 days. [2]
Video (b)
(c) Calculate the time it will take for the size of the population to decrease to 120. [2]
Video (c)
The population will stabilize when it reaches a size of n.
Video (d)
(d) Write down the value of n. [1]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The decibel scale measures how loud a sound is to the human ear. The decibel rating, dB, of a sound can be
modelled as a function of its sound intensity, I , as shown by the equation
Formula Booklet
dB = 10 log10 I + 120
Mark Scheme
Where I is measured in Watts per square metre (W/m2 ) and I > 0.

Video (a)
The pain threshold for the average human ear is 130 dB.
Video (b)
(a) Show that the pain threshold is reached at exactly 10 W/m2 . [1]
Video (c)
Amelia has a diesel generator that has a sound intensity of 1 × 10−3.5 W/m2 .
Video (d)
(b) Determine the decibel rating of Amelia's generator. [2]
Amelia is considering replacing her old diesel generator and has discovered a quieter petrol generator that has a Revisit
decibel rating of 50 dB.
Mark as complete
(c) Determine the sound intensity of the petrol generator. Give your answer in the form a × 10k where 1 ≤ a < 10
and k ∈ Z. [2]
(d) Find how many times greater the sound intensity of the diesel generator is compared to the petrol generator. [2]
[Maximum mark: 11] HARD
A hot apple pie was taken out of the oven and left cooling on the bench. The temperature of the kitchen is 19 °C.
This situation can be modelled by the exponential function T = a + b(k−t ), where T is the temperature of the apple
Formula Booklet
pie, in °C, and t is the number of minutes for which the apple pie has been on the bench in the kitchen. A sketch of
the situation is given below. Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Video (e)
Revisit
(a) Explain why a = 19. [2] Mark as complete
Initially, at t = 0, the temperature of the apple pie is 180 °C.

After being left cooling on the bench for one minute, the temperature of the apple pie is 159 °C.
(c) Show that k = 1.15. [2]
(d) Find the temperature of the apple pie five minutes after it has been left cooling on the bench. [2]
(e) Find the total time needed for the apple pie to reach a temperature of 30 °C. Give your answer in minutes and
seconds, correct to the nearest second. [3]
The equation of the line L1 is 3y − x − 5 = 0. The line L1 is shown on the diagram below.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Video (e)
The point K has coordinates (4, 3). The point T has coordinates (2, −3). The point M is the midpoint of [TK].
Video (f)
(a) Calculate the coordinates of the point M. [2]
(b) Show that the point K lies on the line L1 . [2] Revisit
(c) Calculate the length of [TK]. [2] Mark as complete
The line L2 passes through the point M and is perpendicular to L1 .

(d) Find the gradient of the line L2 . [2]
(e) Find the equation of L2 . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where a, b and d are integers. [4]
The point N is the intersection of L1 and L2 .
(f) Calculate the coordinates of N. [3]
A loaf pan is made in the shape of a cylinder. The pan has a diameter of 24 cm and a height of 5 m.
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
(a) Calculate the volume of this pan. [3] Video (c)
Gloria prepares enough bread dough to exactly fill the pan. The dough was in the shape of a sphere. Video (d)
(b) Find the radius of the sphere in cm, correct to one decimal place. [4] Video (e)
The bread was cooked in a hot oven. Once taken out of the oven, the bread was left in the kitchen.
Video (f)
The temperature, T , of the bread, in degrees Celsius, °C, can be modelled by the function
Revisit
T (t) = a × (1.51)− 3 + 21, t ≥ 0,
t
Mark as complete
where a is a constant and t is the time, in minutes, since the bread was taken out of the oven.
When the bread was taken out of the oven its temperature was 205 °C. Check with RV Newton
(c) Find the value of a. [2]
(d) Find the temperature that the bread will be 10 minutes after it is taken out of the oven. [2]
The bread can be eaten once its temperature drops to 35 °C.
(e) Calculate, to the nearest minute, the time since the bread was taken out
of the oven until it can be eaten. [3]
(f) In the context of this model, state what the value of 21 represents. [1]
A factory produces bars in the shape of a cuboid, with a fixed height of 30 cm and varying base. The area, A, of
each bar base is described by the function
Formula Booklet
A(x) = x(40 − x), 5 ≤ x ≤ 35,

Mark Scheme
where x is the length of the bar base in centimetres.

Video (a)
(a) Bar P has a length of 10 cm. Find the volume of P. [2]
Video (b)
(b) Bar Q has the same volume as bar P, however has a different length. Find the length of Q. [2]
Video (c)
(c) Find the value of x that makes the bar's volume a maximum, and state this maximum volume. [2]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The half-life, T , in years, of a radioactive isotope can be modelled by the function
ln 0.5 Formula Booklet

T (k) = , 0 < k < 100,
ln (1 − 100k
)
Mark Scheme
where k is the decay rate, in percent, per year of the isotope.

Video (a)
(a) The decay rate of Hydrogen-3 is 5.5 % per year. Find its half-life. [2]
Video (b)
The half-life of Uranium-232 (U-232) is 68.9 years. A sample containing 250 grams of U-232 is obtained and stored
as a side product of a nuclear fuel cycle. Video (c)
(b) Find the decay rate per year of U-232. [2]

Revisit
(c) Find the amount of U-232 left in the sample after:
(i) 68.9 years; Mark as complete
(ii) 100 years. [3]

In a water filtration plant, the containers of water are filled and then filtered, all by an automated system. The
volume of water in a container, W (t), in litres, after t seconds of the filling commencing can be modelled by the
Formula Booklet
function
−t Mark Scheme
W (t) = V (1 − e k ),
where V is the maximum volume of the water container and k is a positive constant used to alter the rate at which Video (a)
water is filling the containers.
Video (b)
The value of k is currently set at 25.
Video (c)
(a) Find how long it takes, t, for a container to fill up to 50% of its maximum volume. [2]
(b) If one of the containers has a maximum volume of 20 litres, find the volume of water in this container after 22 Revisit
seconds. [2]
Mark as complete
The engineers of the plant want to alter the value of k so that it takes 20 seconds to fill each container up to 95% of
their maximum volumes.
(c) Find the value of k required. [2]
The half-life, T , in days, of a radioactive isotope can be modelled by the function
ln 0.5 Formula Booklet

T (k) = k , 0 < k < 100,
ln (1 − 100 )
Mark Scheme
where k is the decay rate, in percent, per day of the isotope.

Video (a)
(a) The decay rate of Gold-196 is 6.2 % per day. Find its half-life. [2]
Video (b)
The half-life of Phosphorus-32 (P-32) is 14.3 days. A sample containing 120 grams of P-32 is produced and stored in
a biochemistry laboratory. Video (c)
(b) Find the decay rate per day of P-32. [2]

Revisit
(c) Find the amount of P-32 left in the sample after:
(i) 14.3 days; Mark as complete
(ii) 50 days. [3]

The Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai, is the tallest building in the world. It has a height of 830 m and has a square
base that covers a floor area of 556 m × 556 m. A tourism shop located near the building sells souvenirs of the
Formula Booklet
tower, which sit inside glass pyramids, as illustrated by the diagram below. The souvenir tower is an accurate scale
replica of the actual tower. Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Video (e)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The scaled model of Burj Khalifa has a base area of 20 cm × 20 cm. The height and base area dimensions of the
glass pyramid are 10% larger than the model.
(a) (i) Find the height of the souvenir tower, in cm, correct to the nearest mm.
(ii) Find the volume of the glass pyramid, rounding your answer correct to the nearest cubic centimetre. [5]
The shop owner aims to maximise profits from selling the souvenirs. The more the owner orders from the
manufacturer, the cheaper the souvenirs are to buy. However, if too many are ordered, profits may decrease due to
surplus stock unsold.
The number of souvenirs ordered from previous years and the resulting profits are shown in the following table.
Quantity Profit($)
5000 35 000
10 000 95 500
13 000 116 500
The shop owner decides to fit a cubic model of the form
P (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
to model the profit, P , for x thousand souvenirs ordered.
(b) Explain why d = 0. [1]
(c) Construct three linear equations to solve for a, b and c, and hence write down the completed function P (x). [5]
(d) Find P ′ (x). [2]
(e) Find, to the nearest hundred souvenirs, the optimal number of souvenirs the owner should buy to maximise
profit, and the resulting profit from this number. [4]
3
The axis of symmetry of the graph of a quadratic function has equation x = .
2
Formula Booklet
(a) Draw the axis of symmetry on the grid below. [1]
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Revisit
Mark as complete
The graph of the quadratic function intersects the x-axis at the point P(−1, 0). There is a second point, Q , at
which the graph of the quadratic function intersects the x-axis.
(b) Mark and label P and Q on the grid above. [1]
The graph of the quadratic function has equation y = −x2 + bx + c, where b, c ∈ Z.
(c) (i) Find the value of b and the value of c.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the vertex, M.
(iii) Draw the graph of the quadratic function on the grid above. [4]
The distance travelled, d, in meters, of a freely falling object is proportional to the square of the time of the fall, t, in
seconds.
Formula Booklet
A football dropped from the top of a school building falls a distance of 19.6 m in the first 2 seconds.
Mark Scheme
(a) Show that d(t) = 4.9t2 . [2]

Video (a)
(b) Sketch the curve of d for t > 0, clearly showing the point (2, 19.6). [2]
Video (b)
The distance covered, s, in meters, by a quad-copter drone undertaking a vertical landing can be modelled by
s(t) = 8t, where t is the time in seconds after the landing commences. Video (c)
The football is dropped at the same time as the drone commences a landing from the same height of the school
building. Revisit
The football covers more distance than the drone when t > p. Mark as complete
(c) Find the value of p. [2]

The security personnel at the entry of a rural campground activate a siren to alert campers when a wild animal is
spotted nearby. The sound intensity, I , of the siren varies inversely with the square of the distance from the siren, d
Formula Booklet
. When initially testing the siren, the security personnel found that at a distance of 3 metres from the siren, the
sound intensity is 5 watts per square metre (Wm−2 ). Mark Scheme
(a) Show that I = 45 . [2]

d2 Video (a)
(b) Sketch the curve of I for d > 0, labelling the point (3, 5). [2] Video (b)
The campers can only hear the siren if the sound intensity at their location is greater than 1.2 × 10−5 Wm−2 .
Video (c)
(c) Find the minimum distance, in kilometers, from the siren where the campers can no longer hear the siren. [2]
Revisit
Mark as complete
The mean depth, D, in metres, of a mountain lake fluctuates in a yearly cycle and can be modelled by the function
D(t) = a cos (kt) + b, Formula Booklet
where t is the elapsed time, in months, since the beginning of an autumn season. Mark Scheme
The mean depth of the lake on month 1 is 33.2 m and on month 5 is 22.8 m. Video (a)
(a) Find the value of k , in degrees. [2]

Video (b)
(b) Set up a pair of equations and find the value of a and the value of b. Give your answers correct to the nearest
Video (c)
integer. [3]
Video (d)
(c) Hence find the mean depth of the lake on month 8. [2]
(d) Draw the graph of y = D(t) on the grid below, for one full year, indicating clearly the minimum and maximum Revisit
points.
[4] Mark as complete
(e) Determine the total amount of time in one year that the mean depth is expected to be lower than 26 metres. [2]
A new class of antibiotics is studied in the medical research center. Antibiotics are applied to a pure culture of
bacteria. The number of bacteria, N , present in the culture t hours after the start of the experiment are recorded.
Formula Booklet
The results are shown in the table below.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
(a) Complete the third row of the table above. [2]
Video (d)
(b) Draw a scatter diagram of log N versus t, scaling the axes if needed. [3]
Video (e)
(c) State the type of model that best fits the data displayed on your scatter
diagram from part (b). [1]
Revisit
A researcher in the center claims that the number of bacteria, N , left in the culture after applying antibiotics can
be modelled by an exponential function of the form N (t) = a × bt , where a and b are positive constants. Mark as complete
(d) Explain why the researcher is correct. [4]

(e) Find the value of a and the value of b. [4]
The amount of water, A, in thousands of litres, available in a water tank located on a farm fluctuates in a yearly
cycle and can be modelled by the function
Formula Booklet
A(t) = a sin (kt) + b,

Mark Scheme
where t is the elapsed time, in weeks, since the start of the year.
Video (a)
The amount of water available in the tank on week 6 is 24 thousand litres and on week 31 is 9.2 thousand litres.
Video (b)
(a) Find the value of k , in degrees, assuming there are 52 whole weeks in a year. [2]
Video (c)
(b) Set up a pair of equations to find the value of a and the value of b. Give your answers correct to the nearest
integer. [3] Video (d)
(c) Hence find the amount of water available in the tank in week 42. [2]
Revisit
(d) Draw the graph of y = A(t) on the grid below, for one full year, indicating clearly the minimum and maximum
points. Mark as complete
[4]
(e) Determine the total number of weeks that the amount of water in the tank is at least 24 000 litres. Give your
answer to the nearest week. [2]
A particular species of microbes is studied in the laboratory. Microbes are grown under controlled conditions in
pure culture. The number of microbes, N , present in the culture t hours after the start of the experiment are
Formula Booklet
recorded. The results are shown in the table below.
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
(a) Complete the third row of the table above. [2]
Video (d)
(b) Draw a scatter diagram of log N versus t, scaling the axes if needed. [3]
Video (e)
(c) State the type of model that best fits the data displayed on your scatter
diagram from part (b). [1]
Revisit
A scientist in the laboratory claims that the number of microbes, N , grown in the laboratory during the experiment
can be modelled by an exponential function of the form N (t) = a × bt , where a and b are positive constants. Mark as complete
(d) Explain why the scientist is correct. [4]

(e) Find the value of a and the value of b. [4]
A right cylinder has height h mm and diameter x mm. The volume of this cylinder is equal to 45 mm3 .
Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Revisit
Mark as complete
π k
The total surface area, A, of the cylinder can be expressed as A = x2 + .
2 x
(a) Find the value of k . [4]
(b) Find the value of x that makes the total surface area a minimum. [2]
Peter wants to reach a rock, located 5 km away from his current position, using the strategy outlined below.
Formula Booklet
Every hour Peter approaches the rock by a fixed percent of the remaining distance to the rock.
The distance, D, in kilometres, Peter has travelled from his original position, can be modelled by the exponential Mark Scheme
function
Video (a)
D(t) = a + b(k−t ), t ≥ 0,
Video (b)
where t is the time, in hours, since Peter started moving.
Video (c)
Video (d)
Video (e)
Revisit
Mark as complete
(a) Explain why a = 5. [2]
After one hour, the distance from Peter to the rock is 3.75 km.
(c) Find the value of k . [2]
(d) Find the distance between Peter and the rock after 4 hours. [2]
Peter can be heard when shouting from 200 metres away.
(e) Calculate the time it takes until someone standing on the rock can hear Peter shouting. Round your answer
correct to the nearest hour.
[3]
The line L1 has equation 2y − x − 10 = 0 and is shown on the diagram.

Formula Booklet
Mark Scheme
Video (a)
Video (b)
Video (c)
Video (d)
Video (e)
Video (f)
The point A has coordinates (2, 6). Video (g)
(a) Show that A lies on L1 . [2]

Revisit
The point C has coordinates (8, 18). M is the midpoint of [AC].
Mark as complete
(b) Find the coordinates of M. [2]
(c) Find the length of [AC]. [2] Check with RV Newton
The straight line, L2 , is perpendicular to [AC] and passes through M.
(d) Show that the equation of L2 is 2y + x − 29 = 0. [5]
The point D is the intersection of L1 and L2 .
(e) Find the coordinates of D. [2]
9 5
The length of [MD] is .
4
(f) Write down the length of [MD] correct to three significant figures. [1]
The point B is such that ABCD is a rhombus.
(g) Find the area of ABCD. [3]
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IB Mathematics AI SL Questionbank - Functions

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Topic 2 All - Functions

Question Type Paper Difficulty View

[Maximum mark: 5] EASY

W (t) = 40(0.75)t , t≥0

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

(b) Find the values x, y and z . [2]

[Maximum mark: 5] EASY

(a) Find Video (a)

(i) the initial weight of the ice cube. Video (b)

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

(ii) in the container after 5 days. [4]

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

G(t) = 1806 × (1.037)t ,

where t is the number of years since 1960, and t ≥ 0.

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 4] EASY

D(I) = 10 log10 (I) + 120, I ≥ 0, Formula Booklet

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

Another line, L2 , intersects the y -axis at C(0, 3) and is parallel to L1 .

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

S(t) = a cos(bt − π) + d, Formula Booklet

The graph of S versus t is shown in the diagram below. Video (a)

Check with RV Newton

(a) Find the value of

(b) Find the value of b. [2]

[Maximum mark: 7] EASY

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

(ii) Hence find the values of a, b and c. [3]

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 4] EASY

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 5] EASY

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

(c) Find the gradient of L2 . [1] Video (b)

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

The equation of a line L1 is y = 0.5x + p. The point A(2, −1) lies on L1 .

A second line, L2 , is perpendicular to L1 and intersects L1 at point A. Mark Scheme

(b) Find the gradient of L2 . [1] Video (a)

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 5] EASY

The orbital velocity, v , of a spacecraft in km/s is given by

v = −0.0098t + c ln R, Formula Booklet

If R = 30, find Video (a)

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 7] EASY

(a) Find an equation for t in terms of x. [2] Video (c)

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

D = 2.5 cos (30°× t) + 5, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, Formula Booklet

where t is the elapsed time, in hours, since midnight. Mark Scheme

Check with RV Newton

[Maximum mark: 6] EASY

D = 3 sin (30°× t) + 5, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, Formula Booklet

where t is the elapsed time, in hours, since midnight. Mark Scheme